Rinaldi Antonio - Apadera Italy mu XVIII atumwi Russia

Rinaldi Antonio - Italy wamanga amene ankagwira ntchito ku Russia mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII. analembadi wake wa nyumba zambiri Gatchina, Oranienbaum, Tsarskoye Selo ndipo, ndithudi, mu Petersburg. Ndi dzina lake amagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa Baroque kuti classicism pa zomangamanga Russian.

Rinaldi Antonio: yochepa yonena

Za mnyamata wamanga amadziwika pang'ono kwambiri. N'zokayikitsa ngakhale chaka ndi malo a kubadwa. Ambiri mwina, zinali Naples. Amaona kuti ndi kum'mwera kwa Italy, ndipo anakhala mwana Rinaldi Antonio. mbiri yake ndi zonse mawanga woyera, koma mwina a banja zabwino. mfundo zimenezi n'zochokera kopanda kuti wamanga tsogolo anaphunzitsidwa ndi ambuye L. Vanvitelli (amene poyamba sanali kwambiri wamkulu kuposa iye), ndipo iye anatenga ake ogwirira ntchito anyamata a Naples okhala maziko abwino. Mlangizi anali mmodzi wa wotchuka mapulani Italy wa malemu nyengo Baroque. Motsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi achinyamata mbuye anachita ntchito yake yoyamba.

Rinaldi anafika ku Russia mu 1951. Zisanachitike, iye anapita ku England, Germany, ndi zomangamanga German yathandiza yaikulu pa tsogolo la zomangamanga. Mu Russia, pa nthawi ya classicism izo pafupifupi m'malo Baroque. Popularity nawo mapulani monga Sokolov, Rastrelli, Cameron. Mu mgwirizano, Rinaldi anali kucheza zaka 7 mu utumiki wa Chiwerengero Razumovsky Hetman wa Ruthenia. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti idzawatenga kuti bwino tsogolo la likulu la dera - mzinda wa Baturin. The ntchito odzitukumula sanali kutha. Pakuti Hetman wamanga anamanga yekha nyumba imodzi, ndipo kenako mu 1954 anapita ku St. Petersburg.

Mu wamanga likulu m'ndendemo ntchito mkulu wa Mfumu Peter III. Wakweza kuipidwa nyumba mu Oranienbaum, akumanga Marble Palace ku St. Petersburg, ntchito mu Tsarskoye Selo. Rinaldi wakhala wachitatu kwambiri zankhanza ntchito ya Cathedral St. Isake, yomwe kenako anamangidwanso ndi Montferrand. Imodzi mwa ntchito lotsiriza la wamanga - The Catholic Church wa St. Catherine, kumene kalekale Woyang'anira parishi ya.

The wamanga linadzaza ndi zolinga za kulenga, koma ngozi zomvetsa chisoni kuwaletsa akwaniritsidwa. Pomanga wa Bolshoi Bwalo la St. Petersburg, iye amapunthwa nagwa pa nkhalango. Ntchito sakanatha. Master anazindikira moyo penshioni, ndipo pamene iye anapita kwawo, nthawi zonse zapita izo kupyolera Kazembe a. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa wamanga systematized ndi kuika zinthu mu dongosolo mu ziwembu zawo ndi zojambula. Rinaldi Antonio anafa Rome mu 1974.

nthawi Chitaliyana

Pamaso ulendo wake wopita ku Russia mu dziko la katswiri wa zomangamanga anakhala zaka pafupifupi 40. Nthawiyi zinali zodzaza ndi kukopa mwachindunji Mphunzitsiyo, Luigi Vanvitelli. maphunziro zambiri zinachitika kuchita. Rinaldi wachita monga wophunzira ndi wothandizira wamanga. Iye anakhala nawo kamangidwe ka Nyumbayi wa Caserta, mmodzi wa ku Ulaya nyumba yaikulu ya osambiramo. Mulungu anafuna kuti mfumu. Nyumbayi inali chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za mochedwa Italy Baroque. Pankhaniyi, ndi kale kuoneka bwino, ena mbali ya classicism.

Yomanga ya agulupa ya St. Augustine ku Rome, nayenso, unachitika ndi nawo Antonio Rinaldi. The wamanga akadali ntchito mogwirizana. Koma pa tchalitchi m'nyumba ya ansembe yotchedwa Saint Mariya wa Magadala mu Pesaro anaikira paokha. Rinaldi anadzionetsa ngati okhwima mbuye unakhazikitsidwa. Zinali ndiye kuti anafotokoza ndipo anaitanidwa ku Russia.

Gatchina

Ukraine Rinaldi Antonio chifukwa m'bale ankakonda Elizabeth, Kirill Razumovsky. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anali hetman wa Little Russia, ndi munthu otchuka kwambiri. Ndi mapulani a nyumba anadwala ndipo analamula kuti chitani kamangidwe ka nyumba yogonamo ya hetman mu Baturyn. Anakonza kuti mzinda likulu la dera, kumanga nyumba zambiri gingerbread ndi kuthera redevelop misewu. Limodzi ndi mamangidwe a m'nyumba ya Rinaldi ndi nyumba yachifumu Razumovsky. Kirill G. anali woyang'anira wabwino, koma sanali kupewa ziphuphu ndi kubera. Mu 1754 iye anaitanidwa kuti Moscow kuti afotokoze m'madera awo, kenako ndalama ndi mphamvu ya Hetman kwadzaoneni okha. Mapulani ya kukhazikitsanso ndi Baturina anatembenukira ku ntchito wamanga anakana kulipidwa. Mu chaka chomwecho anam'tumiza St. Petersburg.

Oranienbaum

Mu St. Petersburg, Rinaldi anatenga utumiki pa bwalo la Peter III. Pamene ulamuliro wake unatha, Catherine II anapanga mbuye bwalo wamanga, ndipo mmalo awa adakhalabe mpaka 1784. Woyamba kuti Kaisara kunali kumangira nyumba lovuta Oranienbaum. Apa Rinaldi anamangidwira Peter III Palace, Pavilion kutsetsereka Hill, Opera House, ndipo kenako - Chinese yachifumu. Petrovsky Palace anali sananenedwe kwa nyumba, koma anali hema yopuma. Kakang'ono ziwiri storey nyumba ndi zachilendo kwambiri mawu njira okhudza malo. Inamangidwa mbali zinayi zofanana, ngodya imodzi amene adzakhale Arc yosalala. Chifukwa njira imeneyi nyumba yaing'ono zikuwoneka chidwi. yachifumu Chinese chinali choti malo okhala a Catherine II mu zaka 1762-1768. Pa nthawi imeneyo ndinali otchuka kalembedwe chinoiserie masuku pamutu Chinese lathu, ndi Interiors angapo chokongoletsedwa malinga mumaganiza fashoni. Akamaliza bwino ntchito Oranienbaum, wazomangamanga kutsogolela za kayendesedwe nyumba mu Tsarskoye Selo.

Tsarskoye Selo

Ntchito pa nyumba Tsarskoselskaya ali pakati pa nthawi kwambiri ambiri a ntchito Rinaldi Antonio. Wazomangamanga akumanga ndi pavilions angapo, zipilala ndi zipilala. Anaikira ndi kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga Cesme, Morea, Crimea mizati, Cahul obelisk chipilala Lansky. zomangamanga onse chikumbutso kulemekeza mphamvu ya bulu Russian ndi asilikali. Chinese Pavilion ndi Chinese Theatre akupitiriza mutu wa chinoiserie. Rinaldi kalembedwe European amapereka Russian phokoso. amajambulapo maluwa okongola Chinese unkagwiritsidwa onse m'katikati ndi kunja - mwachitsanzo, mu kamangidwe ka ngodya apangidwe wa denga la Chinese Theatre. Mwatsoka, nyumbayi anawonongedwa pa nkhondo ndi kuona likhoza kukhala zithunzi.

Petersburg yomanga

Marble Palace, zinakonzedwa kalembedwe classicism okhwima, wotchedwa pamwamba kulenga Rinaldi Antonio. Dzina anapatsidwa chifukwa cha makoma, alimbane ndi mwala achilengedwe. Pa nthawiyo anali ndi nyumba yokhayo mu St. Petersburg ndi kukongola. Pinki nsangalabwi ntchito kunja yokongola ndi yokongola mkati. Palace U-zooneka Kamangidwe wakhala mwala weniweni wa Neva embankment. Tsopano pali nthambi ya Russian Museum.

Zina mwa nyumba ya St. Petersburg ambuye monga Prince Vladimir Cathedral, belu nsanja za Ascension Temple, Mpingo wa Katolika wa St. Catherine pa Nevsky Prospekt ndi Tuchkov Buyan - kuipidwa wa malo.

The wamanga nawo ntchito pa Cathedral wachitatu St. Isake. The ntchito Rinaldi nyumba anakwatiwa domes asanu ndi wochepa wamtali belu nsanja. Ndi nthawi ya imfa ya Catherine II inatha mpaka eaves, koma kuti tsekani mbuye sakanakhoza chifukwa cha kuvulazidwa. Rinaldi ku Roma, ndipo mopupuluma anamanga njerwa mzikiti ndi belu nsanja, squat pa nsangalabwi m'munsi mwa tchalitchi. Yomanga zayambitsa kumveka kwambiri anthu, epigrams komanso kusalekerera anasefukira kuchokera kumbali zonse. Kenako tchalitchi anamangidwanso mu Baibulo komaliza.

Rinaldi Antonio anayamba moyo wake mu Italy ndipo anatsirizitsa izo apo. Koma nthawi moyo mu Russia anali "mtima" wa mbiri wake anamuuza zonse luntha lake ndi mphamvu za kulenga. Mu maonekedwe a kamangidwe ka St. Petersburg ndi m'madera Rinaldi athandiza kwambiri.