Russian epics za ngwazi: achikunja ndi Mkhristu

Kuyambira nkhani disclosing nkhaniyi "epics Russian la ngwazi", choyamba chimatanthauza mawu ethnographic udindo tatchulawa. Ethnographic mbali ya epics za ngwazi sitingalephere kukambapo. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu awalandira ziphunzitso za kunkhondo, wakutemwa, kutsatira miyambo yachipembedzo.

Mawu "epic" analengedwa ndi Russian wasayansi-ethnographer Ivanom Petrovichem Saharovym kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. Choncho, ali ndi chiyambi zolembalemba. Anthu poyamba ntchito pofotokoza nkhani yaikulu ya zochita za dzina osiyana - "lakale". Chifaniziro cha wopambana mu epics Russian anatuluka zaka ziwiri pambuyo dzikolo linalandira statehood ake. Pamaso pa Mongol-Chitata goli mu Russia, mwachidule kulibe. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira Baibulo za chiyambi cha Altai wake chinenero, amene anachokera ku mawu akuti "batyr" ankagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama. Mu XIII m'ma mu Mongol Khan anali zikusungira Bagaturov - asilikali, anasiyana mphamvu kuti zadokumenirovano mbiri. Pakuti Mongolia, mawu amachokera Chisansikiriti, kumene "blagahara" zikutanthauza - mwayi.

Tsopano - mwachindunji pa nkhani ya. Pali magawo awiri kulenga epics amunamuna. Woyamba yophatikiza nthawi yaikulu, kuyambira nthawi makedzana chikunja kwa Christianity, ie, mpaka ulamuliro wa Prince Vladimir wa Kiev. The chachiwiri anayamba ndi ulamuliro wa zatchulidwazi Prince - Baptist a Lazaro, ndipo anatumizidwa ndi wogwirizira organic kwa epic m'kamwa zimaonetsa mabuku mlembi.

mapangidwe Pre-Christian wa Russian ngwazi epic anatiuza mayina a Volga Svyatoslavich, Mikita Selyaninovich, Svyatogora. Onse amene atchulidwa Mbali anaitenga ku milungu yachikunja. Mayina a Russian ngwazi epic amasonyeza zilembo zazikulu za nkhani, "Svyatogor ndi Mikula Selyaninovich", "Mikula ndi Volga Svyatoslavich Selyaninovich" wa.

Mayi chimphona Svyatogor - tchizi Land, ndi atate wake - "mdima" mwachitsanzo, munthu ku dziko lina. Izi chimphona Knight organically anatenga mphamvu ya nyengo ya Land Russian.

Mikula Selyaninovich (analogue - Greek ngwazi Antaeus) - osati chimphona, zikuwoneka - munthu wamphamvu zazikulu, koma ali ndi mphamvu chinsinsi - chisoni kwambiri mofananira pansi yonyowa. Ndipo ubwenzi umenewu ndi limodzi mpaka "simungathe kulimbana naye." Nthawi ina, tinganene kuti mwambo Mkhristu, fano Mikula pang'onopang'ono anasamutsa tanthauzo lake Nikolayu Chudotvortsu (Nikola vernal Chikunja kumakumbukulidwa pa 9 May kenako inasanduka phwando kasupe wa St. Nicholas.)

Chifaniziro cha Volga Svyatoslavich - kwachinsinsi ambiri mndandanda onse "Russian epics la ngwazi." Chiyambi la dzina amagwirizana ndi ethnographers ufiti - kuchokera ku mawu "matsenga". Iye - ndi werewolf amene amadziwa chinenero cha mbalame ndi nyama. Ambiri mwina, fano kwambiri - anachokera akunja mulungu Volha kusaka. Amayi Volga - Martha V., ndi atate wake - njoka. Nkhani ya zochita za Volga - mbiri, mofananira kwa Viking epic kusimba za nkhondo mu Asia ndi Indian dera. Mothandizidwa ndi matsenga, komanso olimba asilikali adafuna kuti apambane pa otsutsa.

Kufotokoza fuko nthawi Chikristu chisanayambe, tisaiwale kuti ambiri a nkhani anatsindika ulamuliro pa ngwazi Mikula Selyaninovich. Kungowerenga Svyatogor, m'mphawi ngwazi anam'patsa thumba Nyamulani pansi, amene anayika "mavuto onse a dziko lapansi." Chimphona analephera, Mikula anapambana, kumaliza kanthu anakhumba ndi dzanja limodzi. Iye katswiri pa msonkhano ndi Volga, amene anamufunsa kuthandiza pa mndandanda wa misonkho. Povomera Mikula anakumbukira khasu otsala, nakhumba kuti akamutenge naye. Volga anatumiza asilikali ake kumbuyo kwake, ndiye lankhosa yekha. Koma kulemera kwa chinthu chakale ichi kuposa mphamvu zawo. Ndiye iwo mmwamba ndi m'mphawi Knight ndi mosavuta, ndithu amangotchula anachita chofunika. Zilibe zimasonyeza ngati tanthauzo onse a pamwamba pa kuzindikira za ulamuliro wa ntchito wamba? Kufotokoza Chikristu chisanayambe nthawi epic, ethnographers anaona ulamuliro wa lingaliro la catholicity (generality) la Russia.

Wosanjikiza chachiwiri zikugwirizanirana ndi Russian mitundu lothandiza Vladimir. Mkhristu "Russian epics za ngwazi" ayamba kutamanda salinso zowombetsa mkota, nthanthi otchulidwa m'nthano ndi weniweni kanjedza mbiri, "co-anali ndi utumiki waukulu" dziko. Chapakati ndi centrifugally chithunzi Ili Muromtsa. Iye ali wopambana wa adzizungulira, pali pafupifupi 90 nkhani. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo - za kukangana Brigand, mafano zinyalala. Knight a mishoni - chitetezo cha Chikhristu ndi Russia, ndi njira kukhazikitsa - Mkhristu, ndipo makamaka, utumiki kumene kumakhala Amonke. "Silushka amunamuna" monga mphatso yochokera kwa "opemphapempha-chindipitirire" Zomwe zinachitika khalidwe yodalirika 33 wazaka nyakulamala. Asanafe, iye akutumiza silushku ake amphamvu Svyatogor. Moyo protagonist Russian epics - zosokera. N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero? Chifukwa iye alibe alibe banja, kwawo? Mwina chifukwa - ndi kumene kumakhala Amonke lonjezo, chifukwa Chili Mkhristu ft kuyendayenda ndi kupusa.

Yotsatira zofunika kwambiri ngwazi za epic Mkhristu ndi Dobrynya Nikitich. chithunzi ichi anaonekera choyenera kuperekedwa kwa bwanamkubwa Dobrinja, amalume wa Prince Vladimir wa Kiev. Iwo amagwirizana ndi epics asanu. Iye - servitor pamene Vladimir Yofiira Sun. mkazi wake - Vasilisa Mikulishna mwana Mikula Selyaninovich. The chidwi kwambiri ft ndi Nkhata wake pa atatu mutu moto amapuma njoka Gorynych. Pakati pa nkhani za ngwazi izi ndi zochitika za nkhondo ndi Iley Muromtsem - othamanga, moona, fraternization inatha, ndipo kenako - kampeni olowa. Mwa njira, atasemphana anasonyeza "ofooka malo" mu kwambiri "zaka" Eliya - "wofooka kumanzere dzanja" (mwachionekere anakhudzidwa cironda cadipa kuti alipo pa zotsalira za Knight woyera), sprained phazi. Magnanimous Dobrynia si ntchito mu nkhani iyi kupeza ulemerero wa wopambana wa.

The mkombero lachitatu la Knight wotchuka - Alyosha Popovich. khalidwe zikusonyezedwa nkhani ya duel ndi Tugarin Njoka ndi nthano "Zbrodovichey Mlongo." Tugarin - zowombetsa mkota chifanizo cha pankhondo wongosamukasamuka, zonse pomenyana lija kupha potsutsana akaidi. A Olena Petrovna Zbrodovichey m'bale mlongo - Asilavo nthano ya chikondi chapamwamba cha mkazi, mathero ndi banja losangalala. The zinachitika wa mbiri yakale ngwazi kuyitana Rostov boyar Alexander (Oleshi) Popovic, kuti utumiki waukulu kwa Vsevolod ndi Nest Big, ndipo kenako - mwana wake Constantine Vsevolodovich. Imfa zozizwitsa za ngwazi ufumuwo anapeza nawo ulamuliro pa Nkhondo ya Kalka.

Kusanthula Mkhristu Russian epics za ngwazi, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mafano awo anathandiza mapangidwe misa waukulu wa anthu kumverera kwa boma Russian ndi kufunika amafuna kutumikira Mama.