Methane, acetylene ntchito zosiyanasiyana zochita mtengo mafakitale

Mu mndandanda wa chimasanduka, methane, acetylene, mbali yofunika kwambiri mu madera osiyanasiyana a makampani mankhwala a. Poyamba dziko sankaimira chidwi othandiza. Iye ankatchedwa ndi chithaphwi ndi yonyowa pokonza malo kumene nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu chirengedwe. Childs, pawiri uyu anapereka mavuto ambiri chifukwa cha katundu thupi ndi mankhwala. Colorless ndi odorless dziko chingachititse munthu ndi indisposition pang'ono, ndipo ngakhale poyizoni kwambiri. Koma vuto kwambiri chifukwa umatha kubweretsa mpweya wothira mpweya kupanga malo omwera flammable ndi luso lalikulu zowononga.

Ngakhale kuti dziko anapeza njira zambiri ntchito, kupanga mankhwala ndi makampani ndi wopanda phindu. Popeza kuti nkhani imeneyi si wamba chabe mu chilengedwe, koma ndi mnzake (mbali) katundu mu njira zosiyanasiyana njira zamakono makampani ano mankhwala.

Berthelot 1860, anali adzatha kuchita zimene lomwe kenako analandira zofunika kwambiri mafakitale. Koma m'masiku amenewo, ntchito kuti amalola kuchita mankhwala kosangalatsa dziko> acetylene, sanalandire changu kwambiri. chakuti kufunika kuonetsetsa pali zokwanira carbide acetylene ndi njira ya ulimi wake.

Modern mankhwala makampani wapeza njira zambiri ntchito ya acetylene. kudula Izi mpweya, ndi ntchito mu nyali yowala mankhwala, ndi ntchito kupanga zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. Acetylene eni kupeza zosiyanasiyana mankhwala zachiwawa ndi asidi acetic, ethyl mowa ndi solvents, labala ndi chimasanduka onunkhira. A chiwonetsero cha kupambana kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri anali kugwiritsa ntchito acetylene kupanga ma polima.

Nthawi yabwino yoti kumbukirani kutembenuka mankhwala dziko - acetylene. Elektrokreking ndi thermo-zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni akulimbana - dzina la njira zamakono sayansi kuti zotsatira ndi acetylene kwa dziko. Pankhani akale, dziko mpweya ndege umadutsa maelekitirodi pansi pa kutentha kwa 1600 ° C ndipo mofulumira utakhazikika. Kukhazikitsa njira yachiwiri akatembenuka dziko - acetylene, tsankho makutidwe ndi okosijeni, amakonda kutentha kumasulidwa ku kuyaka tsankho la acetylene.

Mu unyolo kupanga methane, acetylene, acetaldehyde otsiriza item anadza kupyolera hydration zimene acetylene, amene pambuyo pake otchedwa anachita Kucherov. Industrial Applicability acetaldehyde opezeka yopanga asidi acetic, aldehyde ma polima, butadiene chiwerengero cha zinthu organic.

Koma thunthu palokha ndi zolimba acetaldehyde poizoni ndithu ngakhale pamene ntchito kwa khungu. Wokamba mpweya kwambiri zoipa zopezeka, amene angamachite pa moto, mwachitsanzo, mwa kusuta kapena ku exhausts galimoto. A yaikulu ya izo aumbike mwa kutentha mankhwala a ma polima zosiyanasiyana ndi mapulasitiki.

Kenako unyolo methane, acetylene, benzene, chlorobenzene ndi zina chitsimikiziro cha ntchito mwakhama mafakitale zamakono mankhwala chithaphwi kapena firedamp. Ndife kale bwino zochita wachotsa acetylene. Patsalanso okha kuti akwanitse trimerization mpweya uwu, C2H2 wakupitirira adamulowetsa makala pa kutentha madigiri 400 Celsius. The chifukwa njira mafakitale kwa yopanga benzene amapita ethylbenzene, cumene, nitrobenzene ndi cyclohexane. About atatu peresenti ya thunthu chimadyedwa pokonza benzenes liniya alkyl. peresenti umodzi wokha wa mowa benzene kwa kaphatikizidwe chlorobenzene. Chifukwa chaichi, zimene chlorination ake. Zikhalidwe za kukhazikitsa ndi kutentha pa 80-85 ° C ndi kukhalapo kwa chitsulo kapena mankhwala enaake chitsulo.