Kupanga acetylene

Ndithudi anthu ambiri amene akudziwa kuti mawu - acetylene - zogwirizana ndi mfundo yonena za "viniga". Chakuti acetylene lero - ndi chinthu chokha chimene chingakhoze kuwotcha pamene mpweya palibe mwayi, ndi chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani, sadziwa aliyense. Acetylene mavuto oopsa ndi mfundo yakuti Mwachitsanzo, yoyaka ake umabala lawi asidi kutentha kwa 3100 ° C.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba yopanga acetylene zinachitikadi Edmundom Devi mu lakutali 1836. Devi ntchito pa carbide ochiritsira potaziyamu amadzimadzi njira zinachitika anthu aone kuti pali anachita sipangakhalenso analembedwa: k2c2 = C2H2 + 2H2O + 2KOH. Chifukwa, mpweya, amene ndiyo njira C2H2 ndi kumene asayansi anapereka udindo dvuuglerodisty wa hydrogen.

Ndi Kupezeka kwa ziphunzitso za ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira Yusto Liebig limodzi mwa magulu a maatomu (ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira) dzina acetyl Komabe, amaona pawiri wa chilinganizo S2N3. thunthu ali yemweyo, amene anali Devi, anali awaona akatswiri monga ndilochokera ku acetyl. Ndiye, pamene ulimi wa acetylene zinachitikadi ndi France Marselenom Berthelot mu njira zingapo, thunthu nalo dzina lake, lomwe ntchito umagwirira lero. Berthelot sankaoneka ngati molekyulu chifukwa pawiri acetyl, amene anatengedwa kuchokera pa atomu wa hydrogen. Sayansi, yokonza acetylene Berthelot amaimira ndondomeko lotsatira. Iwo anaphonya awiri alcohols mkangano - methyl ndi ethyl - kudzera payipi mkangano ndi kutentha.

Chinachake kenako mu 1862, acetylene anali apanga ndi anachita electrochemical, imene haidrojeni chinaperekedwa pakati maelekitirodi lopangidwa ndi mpweya. umisiri awa panthawiyi mtengo kwambiri ndi inefficient, choncho akanangokhoza kuonedwa ngati njira ongolankhula vutoli. Only pa mapeto a m'zaka za zana anali anatulukira njira zimene zinandilola kukhazikitsa ulimi kwambiri ndalama za acetylene. njira zachokera poyatsira wa osakaniza ongokhala laimu mwamsanga ndiponso malasha. Izi zidzapangitsa kuti ntchito pawiri ngati mpweya kuunikira msewu. chakuti mpweya umene uli mu kapangidwe kake za 92,3% mpweya, pa kutentha excrete yambiri mankhwala monga olimba. Kuti iwo sanapereke kuunika mwachilungamo yowala. Pankhaniyi kutentha kuyaka Mzimuyo osati kuwala kuyaka, koma mtundu. The apamwamba kutentha - makamaka chongochitika kamodzi kokha luminescence mtundu ndi mpweya particles. Anaonekera otentha, wodzazidwa ndi acetylene akanakhoza kupereka kuwala pafupifupi nthawi khumi kuposa wamba pamene mpweya magetsi. Ngakhale pamene anali m'malo ndi magetsi, ntchito acetylene kuunikira anapitiriza nyali njinga ndi omnibuses.

Monga chitukuko cha makampani, onse chofunika yambiri mankhwala monga acetylene. Kupeza pa mlingo mafakitale linayamba m'zaka za m'ma lomaliza. Chifukwa cha wotereyo "yojambula", kugwirizana anayamba kumwedwa luso. Zolinga kumanga acetylene carbide akamagwira othetsa ndi madzi. mankhwala amadziwika fungo zambiri kwambiri zosasangalatsa chifukwa zosafunika uli m'bukuli wa ammonia ndi sulfide wa hydrogen. Ndipotu, mankhwala mankhwala woyera ali ofooka kutchulidwa fungo ethereal. Ndi opepuka kuposa mpweya, kulemera maselo a acetylene ndi 26,038. Mpweya ndi colorless, mosavuta sungunuka njira zambiri madzi, ndi solubility anatsimikiza ndi kutentha kwa njira.

umisiri Current kupereka chopezera acetylene ku dziko ndi elektrokrekinga - njira imene elekitirodi koyamba zapita dziko mpweya pa kutentha osati poyerekeza 1600 ° C. Ndiye, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa mpweya acetylene pansi pa kuzirala mofulumira. Njira imeneyi ndi mogwira mtima kuti gawo la kutentha akamagwira kuyaka ndi zinthu mukhoza kupita kwa Kutentha yotsatira anachita adzizungulira, kupereka kupitiriza kumene ake.

Acetylene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera ndi kudula zitsulo, kupeza yowala kwambiri kuwala woyera, kupanga zipangizo zachiwawa.