The mphamvu kutsegula

zochita mankhwala zichitike imathamanga zosiyanasiyana. Ena a iwo anamaliza masekondi angapo, pamene ena ukhoza kwa maola, masiku kapena zambiri. Pofuna kudziwa ntchito ndi kukula kwa zida zina zofunika, komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndikofunika kudziwa mlingo pa zomwe zochita mankhwala zimachitika. Zingabweretse mfundo zosiyanasiyana, malingana:
anthu ambiri reactants ndi;
ndi kutentha kwa dongosolo.

Swedish wasayansi S. Arrhenius m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, izo anaganiza aone kuti pali kusonyeza kudalira pa mlingo mankhwala anachita pa chizindikiro monga mphamvu kutsegula. chithunzi ichi ndi mtengo nthawi zonse limadalira chikhalidwe ndi mankhwala zimachitika mwa mankhwala.
Ndi kungoganizira wasayansi anachita pamodzi asalowe yekha mamolekyulu amene anapanga kwa ochiritsira ndipo akutero. particles amenewa akhala yogwira. Kutsegula mphamvu - ndi mphamvu zofunika kuti kusuntha mamolekyulu wamba mu chikhalidwe chimene gulu lawo ndi kukhala yankho yachangu.

Mu ndondomeko ya mogwirizana mankhwala mwa particles zinthu anawonongedwa, ndipo ena uka. Pankhaniyi, kusintha kugwirizana pakati pawo, yemwe ndi elekitironi kachulukidwe ndi adagawanso. mlingo otaya mankhwala anachita zimene zimachitika akale akanati inawonongedwa, adzakhala ndi mtengo wochepa kwambiri. Pamene ndalamazo mphamvu ayenera poona kuti mkulu. maphunziro Scientific asonyeza kuti m'kupita kwa zimachitika pakati pa zinthu, dongosolo lililonse imapanga adamulowetsa zovuta zomwe uliri Transitional. Pankhaniyi, ubwenzi zakale ndiponso anafooka latsopano tafotokoza. Nthawiyi ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Iye ndi kukamphindi. The chifukwa cha kugwa izi mapangidwe zipangizo zovuta poyambira, kapena mankhwala mogwirizana.

Kuti kusintha chigawo adanyamuka kufunika kotsatira ntchito za kachitidwe. Ndicho chimene kutsegula mphamvu ya mankhwala anachita. Education kusintha zovuta kumatanthauza mphamvu, amene mamolekyulu. Chiwerengero cha tinthu m'njira imeneyi zimadalira kutentha. Ngati ndi mkulu mokwanira, kachigawo ka tinthu yogwira waukulu. Kufunika kwa mphamvu ya zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi apamwamba kapena kukhala wofanana index ndi, amatchedwa "mphamvu kutsegula." Choncho, pa kutentha mokwanira mkulu, chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu angathe kupanga kusintha zovuta mkulu. Choncho, mankhwala anachita mlingo ukuwonjezeka. M'malo mwake, ngati kutsegula mphamvu n'kofunika kwambiri, chiwerengero cha particles angathe zimavuta yaing'ono.
Kukhala mkulu mphamvu zopinga chopinga zochita mankhwala pa otsika kutentha, koma Mwina awo alipo. Exothermic ndi endothermic ankachita ndi makhalidwe osiyana. The oyamba zidzachitika pa kutsegula mphamvu otsikitsitsa, ndipo chachiwiri - ndi zambiri.

Ndi ntchito lingaliro ili mu sayansi. Kutsegula mphamvu ya michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi wa mphamvu zochepa zimene ziyenera opatsa mathamangitsidwe ma elekitironi kulowa conduction gulu. Nsinga yopuma pakati pa maatomu pa ndondomekoyi. Kuwonjezera apo, elekitironi ayenera kusuntha kwa valence gulu kuti gawo la conduction. Kuwonjezeka kutentha chifukwa cha ikukhudzana particles kusamutsidwa amveke. Mu gawo ili la elekitironi zipita ufulu mlandu zonyamulira. Yogwirizana mkati akhoza kusweka mwa munda magetsi, kuwala, etc. Kutsegula mphamvu ndi makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri mu semiconductors nacho poyerekeza ndi wodetsedwa ndi.