Dirichlet a Mfundo. Zikumveka ndi kuphweka mu njira ya mavuto osiyanasiyana Kuvuta

German masamu Gustava Lezhona Dirichlet, Peter (13.02.1805 - 05.05.1859) chikudziwika ngati tate wa mfundo, mutu wa dzina lake. Koma kuwonjezera pa chiphunzitso, mwamwambo anafotokoza ndi chitsanzo cha "mbalame ndi maselo" chifukwa cha lina lolingana membala wa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, membala wa Royal Society of London, ku Paris Academy of Sciences, ndi Berlin Academy of Sciences, Professor wa Berlin ndi University of Göttingen ndi mapepala ambiri pa kufufuza masamu ndi chiphunzitso chiwerengero .

Iye osati anadzetsa masamu mfundo odziwika bwino, Dirichlet akhoza kutsimikizira ndi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka pa chiwerengero wopandamalire a manambala yaikulu kulili kupitilira aliyense masamu a integers ndi zinthu zina. Choyenera pakuti ichi kuti liwu loyamba ake ndi kusiyana - chiwerengero cha ndi yaikulu.

Iye analandira Kuphunzira bwinobwino lamulo la yogawa wa chiwerengero cha anthu wamba, amene ali achilendo kwa masamu progressions. Dirichlet anaitana anthu angapo ntchito zimene kuona, iye anakwanitsa gawo la kusanthula masamu kwa nthawi yoyamba molondola kulankhula ndi kufufuza mfundo mgwirizano makonzedwe ndi kukhazikitsa mgwirizano zingapo, kupereka umboni okhwima a n'zotheka kukodzedwa mu za Foriya mndandanda wa ntchito kuti ali ndi chiwerengero amalire, monga lidzakhala ndi mavuto komanso mtendere . Ine sindikufuna kuchoka popanda tcheru ku ntchito za mafunso Dirichlet okonzera ndi sayansi masamu (a Dirichlet mfundo kwa chiphunzitso ntchito amgwirizano).

German wasayansi mwapadera njira ndi kuphweka ake zithunzi, zimene zimathandiza ife kuphunzira mfundo Dirichlet ku pulayimale. Mosalekeza chida osiyanasiyana ofunsira, amene ntchito ngati umboni kwa theorems kumodzi masamu, ndi kuthetsa zovuta mavuto zomveka masamu.

Kupezeka ndi chomasuka ntchito njira walola kuti ndifotokoze izo kusewera bwino njira. Zovuta zakubadwa ndipo zosamvetsetseka akuti popanga mfundo Dirichlet ali mawonekedwe: "Pakuti ya N zinthu wosweka mu angapo mbali disjoint - N (zinthu zofanana kwina), anapereka N> N, gawo chimodzi adzakhala ali oposa mmodzi amafotokozera. " Anaganiza bwino akanalifunsa motere ichi kuti apeze momveka, tinali m'malo N mu "kalulu" ndipo N mu "khola" ndipo abstruse mawu kuti tione: "Mwayi kuti akalulu kwa osachepera limodzi koposa selo, pali nthawi zonse pa chimodzi selo, zimene zimawononga oposa awiri ndi kalulu. "

Njira mfundo zambiri amadziwika M'malo mwake, iye ankagwira mfundo Dirichlet. Ntchito zimene zingathe kuthetsedwa pamene ntchito, zosiyanasiyana. Popanda kupita kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira zothanirana, mfundo Dirichlet ikugwilizana bwino zisonyezo zing'onozing'ono zojambula ndi zomveka kutchera maziko kumasulira nkhani masamu apamwamba mavuto.

Gululi njira imeneyi limanena kuti vuto lalikulu la njira ndi kudziwa deta okutidwa pansi tanthawuzo la "kalulu" ndi amene ayenera kuonedwa ngati "selo."

Mu vuto la mwachindunji ndi kansalu m'manja mwa ndege yomweyo, kutsimikizira kuti sangathe kuwoloka mbali zitatu zokha, okha ntchito chikhalidwe chimodzi, ngati n'koyenera - mzere Kodi kudutsa makona iliyonse msinkhu. Monga "hares" kuganizira msinkhu wa makona, ndi "maselo" ndi awiri theka ndege, omwe amanama mbali ya mzere. Zikuonekeratu kuti ukhale osachepera awiri adzakhala mmodzi wa hafu ya ndege, motero, kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe kuchepetsa si mwachindunji kuponderezedwa mogwirizana.

Monga mosavuta komanso momveka mfundo za Dirichlet vuto nzeru ya kazembe ndi pennants. Patebulo wozungulira ili pambuyo pake ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana, koma mbendera ya maiko ili pamodzi wozungulira kuti aliyense kazembe anali pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha dziko lina. Ndi kofunika kutsimikizira kuli Zikatere, pamene osachepera awiri a mbendera adzakhala pafupi ndi anthu a m'mayiko nkhawa. Ngati timavomereza akazembe chifukwa cha "mbalame" ndi "maselo" udindo udindo otsala pa kasinthasintha pa tebulo (iwo adzakhala aliko kale yotsikako), ndiye vuto limabwera chigamulo payokha.

Zitsanzo ziwiri amapatsidwa pofotokoza mmene zovuta kuthetsa mavuto zosamvetsetseka ntchito njira anayamba ndi masamu German.