Magnetosphere dziko lapansi: zotsatira za kusintha. chipolopolo lapansi akunja

Magnetosphere unakhala thupi aliyense ndi maginito ilipodi. Zimachitika chifukwa chakuti tinthu milandu kamo mu mzere choyambirira cha zoyenda mchikakamizo cha nyese mkati. A malo kwa dzuwa mphamvu ndi maginito amapanga plasma Kakhungu kuphimba magnetosphere.

Mmene dzuwa padziko lapansi

Dzuwa limatulutsa yambiri mphamvu, amene nthawi zonse kuwonjezera, "ukuphwera" kunja. Kukula amatchedwa mphepo dzuwa.

Mphepo dzuwa chimafikira kwina kulikonse, nadzaza malo onse interplanetary. Pachifukwa ichi, mu interstellar plasma mapangidwe dera aumbike wotchedwa mphepo plasma dzuwa.

Dzuwa plasma amasuntha spirally, ndi avareji masiku 4 chililaka ndi imeneyi pakati pa dzuwa ndi dziko lapansi.

Sun akumasula mphamvu ku moyo padziko lapansi. Komabe, dzuwa limatuluka ndi cheza choopsa, kuwononga zamoyo zonse padziko lathuli. Pamene lamulo la dziko lapansi kuzungulira ndi cheza dzuwa si wogawana anagawira mu chaka. Pachifukwa ichi, kusintha nyengo.

Amateteza Dziko Lapansili?

Kapangidwe achilengedwe a dziko lapansili zimawateteza iwo ku cheza zoipa dzuwa. Earth wazunguliridwa ndi zipolopolo zingapo:

• magnetosphere kuti amateteza cheza dzuwa kamwazi;
• ionosphere, kungolandira X-ray ndi cheza ultraviolet;
• Mpweya umene choletsa yotsalira mulingo wa poizoni ultraviolet.

Chifukwa, biosphere dziko lapansi (malo a zamoyo) kwathunthu kutetezedwa.

magnetosphere dziko lapansi - wosanjikiza zodzitetezera yakumapeto kwenikweni, polumikizirana dziko. Ndi chopinga mphepo plasma dzuwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madzi a m'magazi dzuwa umayenda padziko lonse lapansi, n'kupanga mapangidwe cavernous limene zobisika munda geomagnetic.

Chifukwa pali maginito?

Zimayambitsa lapadziko nyese umabisika m'nyumba dziko. Monga amadziwika za dongosolo la Dziko Lapansi, tichipeza:

• pachimake;
• chobvala;
• kutumphuka padziko lapansi.

Padziko lonse pali minda, kuphatikizapo yokoka ndi maginito. Yokoka mu tanthauzo lake losavuta ndi kukopa kwa dziko lapansi particles zonse zakuthupi.

nyese lapansi ndi zochitika zimene zimachitika pa malire a pakati ndi chovala. Dziko palokha - ndi maginito yaikulu, uniformly nyese mpira.

Chifukwa cha minda yonse maginito ndi magetsi inawadutsa kapena kulimbikira magnetization. Asayansi nawo vuto la nyese dziko lapansi, pezani:

• amachititsa maginito kukopa a Dziko Lapansi;
• kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa nyese lapadziko ndi magwero ake;
• kudziwa yogawa ndi malangizo a m'munda maginito pa dziko.

maphunziro akutsatiridwa mwa Kafukufuku maginito komanso mwa kungophunzira Observatory - mfundo zapadera m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse.

Kodi magnetosphere?

Kulengedwa ndi kumanga magnetosphere ndi izi:

• mphepo dzuwa;
• lapadziko nyese.

Mphepo dzuwa - ndi madzi linanena bungwe ndi anagawira ku Sun mbali zonse. Liwiro mphepo pamwamba pa 300-800 Km / s. Mphepo dzuwa ladzala ndi mapulotoni, ma elekitironi, Alpha particles ndi amakhala ndi quasi-ndale. Mphepo dzuwa wapatsidwa dzuwa nyese Tingapange plasma kutali kwambiri.

magnetosphere dziko lapansi imavuta kwambiri patsekeke. ziwalo zanga zonse ndizodzazidwa ndi njira plasma, amene ali wa asilikali kwambiri kufunika tinthu mathamangitsidwe. Kumbali dzuwa za kusiyana kwa pakati pa Dziko Lapansi malire anatsimikiza mtima ndi mphamvu ya mphepo dzuwa angafikire makilomita 60 70 sauzande, amene ali wofanana ndi utali wozungulira wa Dziko Lapansi 10-12 Re. Re ndi wofanana 6371 Km.

malire Magnetosphere ikhoza kusintha kutengera malo wachibale kwa dzuwa. malire amenewa kumbali dzuwa mawonekedwe ndi ofanana ndi mthunzi. Mtunda ake pafupifupi 15 Re. Ndi mdima mbali magnetosphere zimatengera mtundu wa mchira cylindrical, utali wozungulira ake 20-25 Re, kutalika 200 Re, mathero osadziwika.

Mu magnetosphere, pali madera ndi particles mkulu-mphamvu, iwo amatchedwa "cheza lamba". Magnetosphere angathe kuyambitsa oscillation osiyana ndi lokha gwero la cheza limene mbali amatha kulowa Dziko Lapansi.

The plasma seeps mu intervals magnetosphere pakati makhalidwe magnetopause - cusps kumalo ozizira, komanso chifukwa zochitika hydro ndi instabilities.

Ntchito ya m'munda maginito

magnetosphere The Earth ukuchititsa ntchito geomagnetic, mikuntho geomagnetic ndi substorms.

Chimateteza moyo padziko lapansi. Popanda moyo zidzatha. Malinga ndi asayansi, nyanja ya Mars ndi mpweya wake apita ku malo chifukwa mphamvu ya mphepo dzuwa unhidden. Monga Venus ndi madzi akuimbidwa mu danga kamwazi dzuwa.

The magnetosphere alinso Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn ndi Neptune. Mars ndi Mercury ndi maginito chipolopolo zonyozeka. Venus izo sizi, ndi mphepo dzuwa amakwanitsa kupirira chifukwa ionosphere lapansi.

munda Features

Chuma chachikulu cha m'munda maginito - mavuto izi. Maginito mwamphamvu - ndi munthu vekitala kuchuluka. Planet a maginito ukufanizidwa ndi mizere mphamvu tangential kwa iwo kusonyeza malangizo a vekitala ya mavuto.

The maginito mu masiku awa ndi 0.5 Oe kapena 0,1 A / m. Asayansi kuvomereza kusinthasintha mtengo wa m'mbuyomu. Koma zaka biliyoni 2-3.5 m'munda geomagnetic sanasinthe.

Point padziko lapansi pamene maganizo imatsogoleredwa vertically, amatchedwa mizati maginito. Pa mayiko awo awiri:

• North;
• South.

Kudzera mizati awiri akudutsa molunjika - maginito olamulira. Circle, ili perpendicular kwa olamulira a, - ndi maginito equator. Munda mphamvu pa equator ndi yopingasa.

Mizati maginito

Mizati maginito musati zizigwirizana alipidwa lawolawo. Geographic mizati ili olamulira chirengedwe imene dziko imazungulira. Pamene lamulo la dziko lapansi kuzungulira dzuwa malangizo a olamulira dziko lapansi anakhalabe.

Kampasi muvi zikusonyeza ndendende Maginito North Pole. The Observatory maginito anayeza kusinthasintha za kuthengo maginito masana, ena mwa iwo zikugwira aliyense muyeso chachiwiri.

Ku North Pole ku South pochitika meridians maginito. Ngodya pakati pa meridian maginito ndiponso madera amene amatchedwa declination maginito. imene padziko lapansi ngodya yakeyake declination.

Pa equator muvi maginito ili horizontally. Pamene kusamukira ku mapeto kumpoto kwa muvi chapamwamba iri yofulumira pansi. Ngodya pakati muvi ndi pamwamba yopingasa - ndi maginito ndingaliro. Mu mizati kumunda ndi ndingaliro kwambiri ndi madigiri 90.

Kupita mphamvu ya maginito

Ndi makonzedwe zake maginito ndi papita nthawi.

Poyamba, mzati maginito chinamasulidwa mu 1831, ndiyeno inali mazana makilomita kuchokera pomwe pano. Zoyerekeza mtunda kuyenda kwa chaka - 15 Km.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mlingo wa gulu zake maginito kumawonjezera. Pole North ikuyenda pa liwiro la makilomita 40 pa chaka.

Yalani mphamvu ya maginito

The ndondomeko ya kusintha polarity mu dziko akutchedwa inversion. Asayansi kudziwa pafupifupi 100 imene munda geomagnetic imadzitembenuzanso polarity ake.

Akukhulupirira kuti inversion limapezeka pa zaka 11-12 zikwi. Mabaibulo ena zimatchedwa 13, 500 ndipo ngakhale 780 000 zaka. Mwina inversion alibe periodicity bwino. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti inversions yapita moyo Padziko Lapansi anakhalabe.

Anthu akufunsa, "Ndi liti pamene kudikira zitasintha lotsatira"

kusamutsidwa kwa bwalolo mizati chikuchitika m'zaka za m'ma lomaliza. The Pole South tsopano ili mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean, ndi kumpoto ndi ankatembenukira kudutsa Ocean Arctic kwa Siberia. The maginito pafupi mizati nthawi yomweyo imafoola. Amachepetsa mavuto.

Ambiri mwina, ndi inversion wotsatira wa moyo padziko lapansi adzapitiriza. Koma funso ndi pa mtengo zomwe. Ngati inversion amapezeka ndi ikutha pa magnetosphere dziko lapansi kwa nthawi yochepa, izo zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri anthu. Mosadziteteza dziko linapuwalanso cheza dziko. Komanso, kuchepa kwa wosanjikiza Mpweya umene ingakhalenso ngozi yaikulu.

Kusintha mizati dzuwa kumene kunachitika mu 2001, amakhala zinachititsa kuti shutdown wa wosanjikiza ake maginito. Kodi Tiyerekezenso ofanana pa Dziko Lapansi, asayansi sakudziwa.

The perturbation wa magnetosphere a pa dziko: zimakhudza anthu

Pamene poyamba akuyandikira plasma dzuwa umalandira magnetosphere. Koma akusokoneza plasma permeability kuwonongeka ukapezeka chipolopolo maginito akamaziwononga. Dzuwa plasma ndi mphamvu yake kudutsa mu magnetosphere lapansi. Wachibale mlingo wa inflow wa utuluke mphamvu, pali mitundu itatu mmene magnetosphere:

1. Bata boma la magnetosphere wa - chipolopolo samasintha udindo wake monga mlingo kuyenda mphamvu ndi chochepa kapena kukhala wofanana ndi mtengo wa mphamvu ankakhala moyo wotayirira m'munda maginito.
2. Kampasi substorm. Chikhalidwe chimenecho amapezeka choncho kumene mlingo wa mphamvu ukubwera mlingo madyaidya ndikuledzera pamwamba pa n'kupuma ndi mbali ya pothawira mphamvu pa njira magnetosphere, wotchedwa substorm. ndondomeko imakhala potulutsa gawo magnetospheric mphamvu. Yowala kwambiri mwini wake - Aurora. Mpweya mphamvu muyeso kumachitika pa intervals wa maola 3 m'madera kumalo ozizira a hemispheres onse.
3. Mkuntho maginito - ndi ndondomeko wamphamvu munda chisokonezo chifukwa mlingo mkulu mphamvu aziwapatsa kunja. The maginito ndi kusintha ndi pansi, m'dera la dziko.

Dziko lapansi maginito pa substorms zimasiyanasiyana kwanuko ndi namondwe ndi kusintha lonse. Mulimonsemo, kusintha sizichitika kuposa peresenti okha, lomwe liri kuli minda sayansi.

Medicine akukhulupirira kuti namondwe maginito m'mavuto thanzi la munthu. Nthawi imeneyi, anthu ambiri odwala matenda a mtima, matenda a maganizo ndi matenda ena neuropsychiatric.

Udindo wa magnetosphere dziko lapansi mu njira zonse malo osiyanasiyana pa dziko. ❖ kuyanika Izi zoteteza amateteza dziko kwa njira zambiri akumane ndi umakhudza nyengo. Mchikakamizo cha kusintha mu magnetosphere a dziko kusintha mbali nyengo mitundu zinyalala nyama ndi zomera, ndi zina zambiri.