Zamkati ndi makampani pepala monga gawo la chuma

Mmodzi wa akale kwambiri anayamba Boma la chuma cha dziko lililonse, Russia, makamaka, ndi zamkati ndi pepala makampani. Pa dera la State kutsegula kwa mbewu yoyamba ya mtundu umenewu kunayamba nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Peter I. Kampaniyi ankatchedwa "Krasnoselskaya Paper kupanga". Kumeneko anali chiyambi cha chitukuko cha dziko lonse makampani Russian pepala wonse.

Pa gawo lino, mbewu motere: "Anthu oterewa Krasnogorodsk zamkati ndi pepala mphero." Ngati kalelo, kupanga ndiponso pokonza wa zinthu ikuchitika pa zida achilendo, koma tsopano, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha sayansi ndi oyamba umisiri watsopano, zomera komanso mafakitale ntchito makina ndi zipangizo za msonkhano zoweta.

The zamkati ndi pepala makampani zachokera pepala amasulidwe makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, ambiri amaganiza bolodi ndi zambiri katundu, komanso malonda zinthuzi. Fiberboards (yotchuka kudziwika monga chipboard) ndi zokutira zitsulo-fibrous zipangizo komanso amapezeka yaikulu ya gawo ili la chuma. Monga kupanga chilichonse, zamkati ndi makampani pepala mu Russia ndi lonse makampani dziko lili ndi zotsatira chokhwima cha ntchito yawo. Choncho, iwo ndi chakudya yisiti ena zinthu mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la ethylene ndi mafuta zidulo, turpentine wopambana, ayendetse, ndi zina zotero.

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti zinthu monga mapepala kwa manyuzipepala ndi magazini, pamwamba pepala kalasi ndiponso osauka khalidwe ma CD analogue, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapepala khoma umatulutsa processing nkhuni.

M'mayiko ambiri nkhalango osabwereranso kumeneko mpaka zitanyowetsa zipangizo zake zoyambirira mafakitale monga zamkati ndi makampani pepala (70%), ndiyeno ena. Mayiko amenewa ali mu malo oyamba mu Finland. Motero, boma, ndi enanso, wamba yobwezeretsanso pepala zakuthupi - chifukwa yobwezeretsanso kapena zinyalala.

The umisiri atsopano, amene ntchito pa siteji pano, amakulolani kuphatikiza zikatoni ndi pepala kuchokera ku zipangizo zina. The chifukwa cha zatsopano bwino chikhalidwe ichi ndi kukuza ulimi wa madzi, cholimba ndi opepuka zipangizo ma CD kuti ntchito mu mayendedwe, yosungirako ndi kugulitsa mitundu ina ya zakumwa.

Childs, zamkati ndi pepala makampani amagwiritsa zolinga zake spruce ndi mitundu ina mtengo deciduous. zamkati analandira chifukwa cha mankhwala mankhwala a paini ndi birch.

Paper makampani mu Russia ndi mayiko ena ntchito oyeretsa tsamba pepala mankhwala - chlorine. Pa ntchito zinthu anapanga mankhwala aukali zoipa kuwononga chilengedwe. The zokometsera wa dziko mogwirizana ndi makampani osiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito deta ndi cholinga chofuna mpweya, limene palibe njira amakhudza kuipitsa madzi ndi mpweya. Pakali pano, chiwerengero chachikulu cha makampani akuyesera kusuntha pa kupulumutsa zachilengedwe a sayansi.