Zomera zimbudzi mankhwala a madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito zapakhomo. sewers

Zinyalala madzi - mmodzi wa mavuto a m'dzikoli masiku ano. Ife kubala angapo bere kuti sitili pa mankhwala theka la dziko lonse, kukadamuyenera mwayi uliwonse kukhala kuda weniweni. Kodi vuto limeneli lingathetsedwe bwanji? Yankho lake ndi losavuta - mankhwala zomera za zoweta madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Iwo amakulolani kutembenukira zinyalala madzi mu zakumwa ndi otetezeka mafakitale, amene angathe kale anabwerera m'chilengedwe achilengedwe.

Ngati runoff akutsirizira mu matupi madzi popanda mankhwala, topezeka ndi kuika mizimu yoipa kwambiri. Popewa izi, Kutacha njira zosiyanasiyana neutralization Mkhalidwe. Inde, nkhokwe ya madzi abwino mu dziko lathu ndi yaikulu, koma iwo sali wopandamalire, choncho kulenganso gwero uyu ayenera kuganizira nthawi zonse.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala?

M'zaka zaposachedwapa pakhala ena kukula mu makampani ndi muyezo onse a moyo wa anthu, onse a pasukuluyi ali mbali imodzi kuwonjezeka kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi zinyalala, amene anapanga zinthu za makampani ndi chuma cha dziko. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti mankhwala zomera za madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito zapakhomo akukhala zofunika kwambiri, monga angathere mmene chilengedwe osati dziko lathu koma padziko lonse.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kungasokoneze zinyalala pa chilengedwe?

Great zoipa, omwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito zinyansi madzi, makamaka chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri anamasulidwa mu matupi madzi zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zina kwathunthu bere la yaiwisi, mtundu wapachiyambi. Matenda zitsime, ndi zina madzi kwa anthu. Vuto kwa zinyalala angathe kuchepetsa pokhapokha ngati kuwakhazika mu maofesi wapadera. Ngati kuyeretsa wopangidwa ndi digiri osakwanira wa dzuwa, ali mabakiteriya zimbudzi ndi mankhwala akhoza kuchita zoipa mpaka kalekale kwa chilengedwe ndi thanzi la nyama, zomera ndi anthu.

Yobwezeretsanso ZHBO ndi malangizo malamulo

Yobwezeretsanso ZHBO lofala m'mayiko ambiri European. Pali vuto ameneyu anadziwika chidwi ndithu nthawi yaitali chifukwa Kungoyankhula limati izi zachilengedwe atsopano chuma madzi ndi n'zochepa kwambiri. Komabe, mu dziko lathu zaposachedwapa, kuchuluka yogawa akukhala zonse kukonzanso ntchito mkombero madzi, potero zotheka kwambiri kuchepetsa voliyumu ya kumwa madzi abwino.

Ambiri zofunikira Intaneti a m'mizinda ikuluikulu (makamaka ndi makampani akuluakulu chitukuko) akhala munatembenuka mtima wonse kuti njira imeneyi. Chithandizo mbewu woyendetsa ayenera mosalekeza kuyan'ana kuyeretsedwa quality, kulamulira mlingo wa madzi kuipitsidwa moieties luso zoipitsa.

zinthu mosavomerezeka oyang'anira ayenera kubala zinyalala decontaminated opangidwa ndi iwo, ntchito zotheka makina ndi / kapena njira zina zonse kuchita izi. Komanso, lamulo amakhazikitsa miyeso mokwanira lolimba ndiponso mfundo zomwe Pankhaniyi ayenera kutsata. Onani kuti izi nzika udindo ndiponso anthu wamba. Tikumbukenso kuti kukhazikitsanso maofesi mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa yake, mwamsanga aliyense.

Mankhwala a zimbudzi zoweta

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, anayamba angapo ofunikira kuti amakulolani kuchita kuyeretsa kwathunthu kwa madzi zinyalala, amene anapanga pa avareji moyo wakunja kwatawuni kunyumba. Onani kuti madzi chiyambi osiyana "zosankhidwa" monga njira a kukonza kwawo ndi decontamination zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Kodi njira ya chiyeretso ndi mafakitale madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ZHBO chiyani?

Izi zikuphatikizapo wonse osiyanasiyana zinthu zimene mogwira kuchotsedwa madzi zakhudzana zosiyanasiyana zinthu ndi mankhwala. Pali njira zamakono osiyana kwa decontamination wa muli mafuta kuyenga, zomera chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ya madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito zapakhomo akubwera kuchokera maofesi ziweto, etc. Iliyonse agwiritsa ntchito njira za kukhala mmodzi wa mitundu ikuluikulu:

• Tizilombo dera.
• Lopangidwa kuyeretsa (grids, zomwe zili ndi maofesi madzi mankhwala mkuntho).
• Thupi ndi mankhwala njira.
• The njira ya masaka madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tiyeni tione pakati pa izi njila mwatsatanetsatane.

The njira mawotchi

maofesi zonse chithandizo cha madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito zapakhomo ntchito njira imeneyi, kuyambira madzi asanafike akulowa m'madipatimenti bwino processing kuti kuchotseredwa particles makina lalikulu uwononge izo. Ndiponso, njira ntchito kuchotsa madzi kuchokera sludge chifukwa kosiyana mankhwala madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. zinthu zotsatirazi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito iyi:

• Zimasintha monga lattices kapena zisa, amene ankathandiza ndi limagwirira kwa kudzilungamitsa kuyeretsa. Anthu nthawi zambiri zida ndi sewers.
• Kugwira zinthu za mchenga.
• Kakhungu Zosefera.
• Chitayiko woyamba dongosolo.
• Septic akasinja.

Pakati pa zitsulo za magulu mtunda chachikulu sayenera oposa 16 millimeters, chifukwa ntchito zosefera kunja kwambiri coarse ndi maselo lalikulu (kawirikawiri kugwera sewers). Analandira panthawi imeneyi zagonjetsedwa kwa onongani kapena zinyalala, kapena atengedwa ku malo kumene akanagwiritsa ntchito amapangidwa. Komanso, nthawi misampha mchenga moti osati madzi Choonekera kuchokera kwa izo, komanso kuchokera pa windo ang'ono ndi zosafunika zina.

Iwo sangakhoze wosweka kapena m'manda, natengedwa ndi malo osungira yaitali. zipangizo, amene amasonkhana, ndiye ntchito pa roadworks zosiyanasiyana ntchito. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti yoyeretsa ya zomera zimbudzi mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa ndi mlungu uliwonse monga kudzera makina deactivated, monga mwinamwake Mwachangu awo imagwera zikuchepa, kugwira zipangizo kuyamba kuvina Mankhwala oipitsa zambiri.

The njira kwambiri zingamuthandize ndi kuyeretsa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ntchito Zosefera Kakhungu. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti nthawi yaitali pamalo angawa zinyalala ku moti nthawi zina iwo amaloledwa kubwereranso mu mkombero kupanga. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njira makina limachititsa kuti asiyanitse zosaposa 70% ya mitundu yonse ya Mankhwala oipitsa, kuti zimbudzi mankhwala zimagwidwa osati okha okha kwa iwo.

njira kwachilengedwenso

Pafupifupi aliyense madzi zinyalala pansi kulamulira yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zing'onozing'ono. Mu njira madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwachilengedwenso akhoza kuchotsa asafe ndi phosphorous, ndi anaerobic ndi aerobic mabakiteriya. Nthawi zambiri, pamene njira imeneyi ntchito luso nayonso mphamvu zamoyo adamulowetsa sludge ndi kwachilengedwenso Zosefera kuyeretsa chabwino. Kodi kwachilengedwenso zomera mankhwala ndondomeko?

Choyamba, madzi amapita ku atsamunda a dongosolo loyamba. Pali organic slurry precipitates, ndi tinthu kwambiri yabwino pansi mayamwidwe. Mu sumps sekondale anasonkhanitsa sludge amachotsedwa mwa mapampu wapadera. Mfundo dongosolo otere akhale okonzeka ndi pafupifupi dziko lililonse uchikumbe malo.

Choncho, kwa tsiku, malonda zilipo okonzeka zopangidwa nyumba zovuta zomwe kulola kwachilengedwenso ndi makina kuyeretsa ZHBO. phindu lalikulu lagona mu kuphweka ntchito popanda kufunika kukonza pafupipafupi. The madzi pambuyo kudutsa dongosolo mankhwala odorless ndi zoipa, akhoza bwinobwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana zofuna malonda, kuphatikizapo ziweto kuthirira.

Zodula kwambiri komanso zothandiza zitsanzo monga chipika ultraviolet disinfection wa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo madzi ngati kukonza akhoza akatulutsidwa kwathunthu ngakhale m'madzi achilengedwe. Mwachangu ZHBO deactivation wa madongosolo otero pa mlingo wa njira mafakitale.

njira Physico-mankhwala

Pankhaniyi, luso concomitant, womwenso njira zotsatirazi:

• Evaporatsiya.
• madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito processing ntchito ozonation.
• Powonjezera chlorine mankhwala.
• Electroflotation.

Kwambiri mu ankafuna njira izi kupanga mankhwala mafuta malonda, popeza tinapangidwa kuti njira okhwima kwambiri omwe amalamulira mphamvu ya mankhwala opangidwa. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ofanana machitidwe ngalande akukhala ambiri mu malo payekha nyumba wamba wakunja kwatawuni. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti kusalankhula ntchito njira yomweyi m'dera lawo kuletseratu. mfundo ndi yakuti pamene njira imeneyi ntchito kwambiri mankhwala amene angathe kuwononga kwambiri kwa onse thanzi lanu ndi thanzi la nyama ndi zomera.

The kwambiri zingamuthandize ndi ogwira mu zochitika asonyeza kuyeretsedwa njira ZHBO ndi nyemba magetsi, komanso ultrasound ndi ultraviolet. The sangathe mu nkhani iyi ndi imodzi yokha - mtengo wapatali wa zida zimenezi zomwe zimapangitsa izo kuwerengedwa eni ambiri m'madera wakunja kwatawuni.

Disinfection wa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Asanatumize madzi oyera mu matupi madzi achilengedwe, izo chofunika kuchititsa disinfection amphumphu decontamination. Chifukwa chaichi, zofala kwambiri ntchito kuwala ultraviolet zaposachedwapa, koma salamulidwa kugwiritsa ntchito "chakale" chlorine. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ntchito zomera zimbudzi mankhwala kumafuna malo awo pambali leeward okhala kapena azikhalamo. Kuwonjezera Kusinthaku nsanja awo ayenera kukhala otsetsereka, imene madzi adzachotsedwa mwachibadwa, popanda kufunika kukhazikitsa mapampu wapadera. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri pamene angagwiritse machitidwe ngalande m'tawuni.

Zofunika! Mu kamangidwe ka nyumba ayenera ndithudi kupereka kuthekera pang'ono chigumula malo subsoil ndi / kapena madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. maofesi zachithandizo ndi monga zipangizo zotsatirazi:

• Chipangizo kwa yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito (makamaka, maofesi mankhwala ntchito lamphamvu kwambiri).
• Zipangizo kuti basi kubala kuchotsa palokha dothi owonjezera kwa chipangizo chitetezo.
• Zida zimene zimathandiza kuti mwadzidzidzi kutaya madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito muyeso.
• Tizipangizo kuyeza thupi ndi mankhwala makhalidwe a madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mvula.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, unsembe angagwiritsidwe ntchito zomwe achite zitsanzo zosankhidwazi basi.

Disinfection wa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito zapakhomo

Kuchita imayenera yoyeretsa ya madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito tiyenera kutsatira zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kusankha olondola a luso ntchito kwa cholinga ichi.
• Kusankha zida yabwino kwambiri kwambiri madzi kuyeretsedwa ku sipekitiramu linafalitsidwa kwambiri za Mankhwala oipitsa.
• Mtheradi litsatidwe analimbikitsa luso Mlengi.

Only pa njira udindo ndi yosafuna posankha kachitidwe chithandizo, iwo adzakhala abwino. The apamwamba mlingo wa effluents decontamination, ndi bwino akhoza reused mu kupanga, mtengo kwambiri ndalama kampani. Asamire ndi Kakhungu Zosefera akhala mu izi kwa wokongola kwambiri, monga kukumana kwathunthu zinthu zingapo zofunika:

• Mkulu kusinthasintha chifukwa chimene maofesi chithandizo madzi amatha kusunga pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya Mankhwala oipitsa.
• Mwachangu awo ndi 99,5%.
• A malo ochepa wofunikila unsembe ndi mtengo wotsika yokonza.
• Easy unsembe ndi luso kukhazikitsa zigawo zina, amene akhoza kwambiri zokulitsa magwiridwe unsembe.

About okhometsa

ntchito iliyonse maofesi chithandizo mtundu panja ayenera kufanana ndi SNIP 2.04.03-85. The mfundo za ziyangoyango awo - masanjidwe: onse zopezera yaing'ono chikugwirizana ndi malo akuluakulu. Ngati nkotheka, pipework imachitidwa kuti madzi pa iwo akhoza kukhetsa ndi yokoka. Mu Intaneti zimbudzi m'matawuni utsogoleri wolowezana zotsatirazi:

• Bwalo ndi zigawo itatu iriyonse, amene m'mimba mwake ndi 150-200 mm. peculiarity chake pamene khazikitsa nyumba sizinasokonekere kudzipatula kupitirira misewu.
• Street okhometsa mtundu, awiri awo ndi 250-400 mm. M'malo mwake, iwo ali basi nyumba imodzi pa malo msewu, ndi zina akhale okonzeka ndi okwerera mpope yaying'ono.
• okhometsa District. awiri akhoza za 500-1000 mm. Iwo anamanga malo lonse m'matauni ndi mokakamiza okonzeka ndi okwerera ikukoka.
• Okhometsa mfundo m'tawuni. Awiri - 1000-5000 mm. Anamanga pamodzi kukafika kutsogolo kwa mzinda m'madera ambiri maganizo.

Kuyambira maukonde sewerage chofunika kumanga manholes a analimbitsa mphete simenti ndi awiri a 1 mita (kuya awo - mamita sikisi). Nthawi zina, ntchito zisanu phazi mphete, chakuya bwino pansi pa zikhalidwe izi - mpaka mamita asanu. Khwelero iwo kuchita masamu ndi SNIP 2.04.03-85. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yomanga bwalo kuchimbudzi maukonde ndi awiri a 150-200 okhometsa mamilimita mwatsatane pakati pa iwo ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa:

• Pa 150 mm - 35 mamita.
• Oposa 150 mm - 50 mamita.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mudziwe mu nkhani imeneyi zothandiza kwa inu.