Fulorosenti nyali - ndi chiyani? Mitundu ya nyali fulorosenti

Mu January chaka chino, kampani General Zamagetsi (Gen.) analengeza kuthetsedwa kwa US amasulidwe nyali fulorosenti yaying'ono pofika cha 2016-TH. The umisiri watsopano LED ndi chinapululutsa ku njira yake ndi nthawi kuti bwino fulorosenti, monga kamodzi iye nagubuduza "kulamulira" pa nyali incandescent, anatulukira ndi woyambitsa Thomas Edison Ge.

Nanga nyali fulorosenti?

Fulorosenti nyali - ndi Mercury kumaliseche nyali zipangizo otsika kuthamanga imene zooneka kuwala cheza ntchito kuwala. Magetsi inawadutsa mu mpweya amanditenga Mercury nthuzi, amene kuyamba zimatulutsa kuwala ultraviolet zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimabweretsa luminescence mkati phosphor ❖ kuyanika.

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya nyali fulorosenti: ndi cathode ozizira ndi electroluminescent otentha chiyambi.

otentha chiyambi

Ambiri ndi nyale ofunda chiyambi. Gwero kuwala kwa mtundu uwu imakhala babu galasi wodzazidwa ndi mpweya inert (amangoona argon) mwa mavuto otsika. Mbali a babu ndi tungsten elekitirodi. The ballast asaaonerera maelekitirodi mphamvu. Nyali akale ankagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga sitata. The ntchito yamakono ya ballasts amagetsi.

Iwo penapake amafanana babu. Koyamba luminescence amapangidwa kuchokera mkangano tungsten koyilo, koma kenako kumaliseche magetsi mu chisakanizo cha Mercury nthuzi ndi mpweya inert ndi ultraviolet poizoniyu. Yapadera zikuchokera lomwe lili malinga a botololo, zimatenga kuwala ndi limatulutsa kuwala kuwoneka. Iwo akutchedwa phosphor ndi chisakanizo cha mankhwala phosphorous ofotokoza. Uyamiko kwa Iye, linanena bungwe kuwala kwa nyali izi ndi wamkulu kuposa mphamvu incandescent kuwala kangapo. Filament akupitiriza kuwala ndipo kumapeto kwa poyatsira, koma kukhalabe kumaliseche a.

Kulenga magetsi kumaliseche zofunika mkulu voteji. Yozizira kuposa babu, ndi apamwamba kolowera. Koma chifukwa mpweya wambiri wa njira yoopsa "zochangamutsa" a botololo kuchepetsa kupanikizika yapangidwa.

Mmodzi Kutentha njira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sitata. Pamene voteji umagwiritsidwa ntchito nyale kumaliseche ndi anayatsa, likamatenthetsa kulankhula ndi bimetal. Keyala kutseka shunt ake, ndi magetsi likamatenthetsa tungsten maelekitirodi, amene nawonso, ndi mkangano ndi ionized inert mpweya. Utakhazikika pansi, kukhudzana bimetal atsegula, kudyetsa onse voteji ndi mphamvu kwa maelekitirodi wa fulumizitsa lapansi. Ngati kumaliseche kwa sizichitika, ndiye ndondomeko akubwerezedwa. Pambuyo nyale poyatsira sitata kusinthana kutali, kuyambira kukana ake ndi apamwamba kuposa kulimbikira plasma.

M'magulu ano, mwamsanga kuyamba maelekitirodi ndi usavutike mosalekeza, ndi Arc amasankha otsendereka imaonetsa kapena kuyambitsa Mzere.

Fulorosenti nyali ya cathode ozizira

Holodnokatodnye fulorosenti nyali - ndi zipangizo cathode kutentha osati choposa 150 ° C poyerekeza ndi 900 ° C wosachedwa chiyambi nyali. Opaleshoni voteji - 600-900 V, choyambitsa - 900-1600 V. Kuwala panamveka ndi mpweya ionized chimene chili chofunika kwa kupanga ndi voteji mkulu. Kumaliseche akupezeka kuwonongedwa kwa danga pakati maelekitirodi lapansi. The mpweya mu nyali zinthu zachilendo ndi dielectric, koma m'munda magetsi, ma elekitironi ndi ayoni kuyamba kusuntha. Pamene mkulu voteji munda magetsi Iyamba Kuthamanga particles adawalamulira kuti adzawombana ndi tinthu mpweya, iwo kugogoda ma elekitironi kunja. ayoni kumene analenga ndi ma elekitironi ngati zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ionization kuti: chigumukire ndondomeko amakhala.

Mu nyali otentha chiyambi kumaliseche ndi Arc, ndi kuzizira magwero kumaliseche kuwala - kuwala. Mercury pang'onopang'ono amasintha kwa madzi ndi mkhalidwe gaseous. The ma elekitironi adzawombana ndi maatomu Mercury, kuyambitsa amasulidwe mphamvu ndi cheza kwambiri m'dera ultraviolet. Kuwala panamveka ndi phosphor TACHIMATA mkati babu. Mercury limatulutsa photons amene chimwemwe phosphorous maatomu, kuwonjezeka ma elekitironi mphamvu yake. Pamene ma elekitironi kubwerera ku dziko koyamba maatomu phosphorous limatulutsa kuwala mphamvu.

nyali electroluminescent

Kuwala umuna mu nyali electroluminescent chifukwa ndime ya panopa magetsi mwachindunji kupyolera zipangizo phosphorous munali ndi zotsatira za kusintha magetsi sanali matenthedwe mu kuwala. Amenewa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwala emitting diodes (anatsogolera) ndi organic kuwala emitting diode (OLED). Electroluminescent nyali ndi osiyana diodes kuwala emitting kuti mu kuwala wotsiriza panamveka mu pn mphambano - Mphambano pakati semiconductors ziwiri, ndi pa kuwala woyamba panamveka pa wosanjikiza activator.

The voteji mkulu alternating magetsi masiku ano anadutsa wosanjikiza zonyalazo phosphorous kapena michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, zotsatira mu kuwala umuna iwo. zigawo ziwiri zolimba, mmodzi amene chimaonekera, kumachita monga maelekitirodi, ndi phosphor ufa kapena wochititsa therebetween glows pamene ma elekitironi kudutsa izo.

zifukwa

• zipangizo kuyatsa izi ukhalebe makumi nthawi yaitali kuposa nyali incandescent anapereka khola mphamvu okwanira popanda kusinthasintha kwambiri voteji ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha inclusions. Pamene maelekitirodi kuti kunyeka ndi kutha zikuchokera wapadera amateteza tungsten filament kutenthedwa ndi kupereka kumaliseche bata, amene amachepetsa moyo wa kuwala gwero. babu ikutha mdima, ndi blinks nyale.
• The linanena bungwe kuwala kwa nyali fulorosenti pa Watt pafupifupi nthawi 3-4 yaitali kuposa mababu incandescent.
• Iwo zosiyanasiyana mtundu, sipekitiramu awo umuna uli chifupi ndi dzuwa.
• Anamwazikana kuwala kwa padziko lonse babu, osati tungsten filament.

kuipa

• The ndalama zambiri mkulu.
• Fulorosenti nyali - angathe ngozi, popeza aliyense babu lili 5 mg wa mankhwala enaake, amene ali poizoni kwambiri ndipo zingakhale zovulaza thanzi ndi chilengedwe.
• Kumaliseche nyali ali tcheru otsika kutentha ndi mkulu. Sungathe kugwira ntchito pa kutentha m'munsimu -20 ° C ndi pamwamba +50 ° C.
• Tcheru ndi chinyezi.
• Pa akuchedwa, chifukwa zimatenga nthawi konzekera nyale.
• Zachilendo kwa sipekitiramu wa kuunika, chifukwa mu kupotoza mtundu. N'kuti ndi pafupipafupi ndi kawiri mains pafupipafupi.

yosayambitsa kwa wosankhidwa

1. mawonekedwe ndi miyeso. Galasi mabotolo ndi makatiriji zosiyana kwambiri magawo awa. A mtundu wamba nyali fulorosenti ndi chubu molunjika. awiri ake ndi angapo a chitatu limodzi la inchi. Motero, kukula kwa nyali 1 inchi awiri - T8. Kukula ranges ku T2 kuti T17. Yaying'ono nyali fulorosenti, monga ulamuliro, kutenga maonekedwe a U-zooneka ndi mwauzimu. Kumene, maonekedwe alibe mphamvu pa ntchito nyale, koma chito mwauzimu pang'ono zodula chifukwa amakhala ovuta kwambiri popanga.

2. Start. N'zotheka sitata, kompyuta kapena mu atomu ballast.

3. Mphamvu. Iwo ranges ku Watts 3 85. The kamwazi wowala a nyale incandescent ndi nthawi 3-4 poyerekeza wa fulorosenti, kotero kusankha mphamvu zomuthandiza zikhazikitsidwe kuwala ankafuna. Fulorosenti nyali ndani ali ofanana 25-30 W, m'malo obychngye 100W magetsi. M'malo 75 Watt zokwanira mphamvu zopulumutsa kuwala gwero 9 Watts. A nyali fulorosenti amene mphamvu 15 W, akhoza m'malo ndi incandescent nyali 60 Watts.

Table ubale wowala kamwazi ndi mowa mphamvu ya osiyanasiyana nyali kudzakuthandizani kumvetsa mfundo zina zabwino zonse.

4. kapu. Mitundu zofanana:

• mpeni B;
• kagwere (Edison) socle E;
• single amaganiza iwiri itatha G.

Nambala pambuyo makalata limasonyeza awiri a chipewa mtundu B kapena E, kapena mtunda pakati ojambula mu zitsulo mamilimita lembani G.

Kwenikweni mu chandeliers ndi nyali ntchito yaying'ono nyali fulorosenti ndi E27 m'munsi mwake wa 27 mamilimita ndi EPS E14 awiri a 14 mm.

5. Kuwala mtundu. Iwo limafanana ndi kutentha kwa thupi wakuda yochokera ndi chromaticity ena. Ndi kukula kutentha, mbali buluu za kuwonjezeka sipekitiramu, ndipo amachepetsa wofiira. Amayezedwa kelvins. Kumverera zotengera malingaliridwe a munthu kuyang'ana mu kuwala mtundu wina wotchedwa mtundu zotengeka. Mtundu waukulu wa kuunika ndi ofanana mtundu kuzindikira:

• 2700 K - sverhtoply woyera;
• 3000 K - ofunda White kuwala;
• 3,500 K - woyera kuwala;
• 4000K - ozizira woyera kuwala;
• 5000 K ndi zambiri - masana.

6. mtundu Pamanja. Zikusonyeza tione mmene zachilengedwe ozungulira zinthu mu lamplight lapansi. Anayeza koyefishienti Ra mtundu. magwero kuwala ndi chromaticity ofanana akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu kubalana chifukwa sipekitiramu osiyana kuwala panamveka. Pakuti dzuwa chinthu 100.

chodetsa

Opanga luminaires chikhomo mankhwala m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Okhudza za boma la nyali fulorosenti zambiri zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro Chinsinsi FxxTy, kumene F amatanthauza mtundu, The woyamba chiwerengero XX (Engl fulorosenti, luminescent.) - kapena wattage kapena yaitali mainchesi, T -form (Engl tubular, tubular.) Ndipo otsiriza Y chiwerengero - awiri a 1/8 inchi (3.175 mm).

Ndime zotsatirazi ndi zimene lemba la mtundu:

• Ww - ofunda White, ofunda White.
• CW - ozizira White, Kuli White.
• N - Nkhondo, ndale.
• D - masana, masana.
• WWX - Deluxe ofunda White, ofunda woyera ndi mtundu mamasuliridwe mkulu.
• CWX - Deluxe ozizira White, ozizira woyera ndi mtundu mamasuliridwe mkulu.
• BLB - Blacklight, ultraviolet.

Kumapeto kwa kulemba mbali anasankha chipangizo:

• RS - Rapid Start, kusala chiyambi.
• KODI - Instant Start, n'kamodzi chiyambi.
• HO - High linanena bungwe, dzuwa mkulu.

Makhalidwe a nyali fulorosenti

Kukongoletsa kuwala General Zamagetsi Kandulo T2 9W akatulutsidwa ndi zisoti E14 ndi E27, dzina lokha wowala kamwazi wa lumen 405, ofunda woyera ndipo masana mtundu kutentha (2700 K ndi 6500 K) 82 mtundu mamasuliridwe index Ra. Izo ntchito mu chandeliers ndi mindandanda yamasewera zina kuunikira ndi babu kuonekera zipinda, makonde ndi lobbies wa malonda maholo, Map, odyera, nyumba.

mankhwala Philips

Master TL-D 90 De Luxe - fulorosenti nyali G13, T8, 93 ndi mtundu mamasuliridwe index Ra8, mtundu kutentha kwa 65000 K - ozizira masana. Likupezeka m'Mabaibulo zitatu:

• 18W / 965 1SL - 18 W fulorosenti nyali ndi mwadzina wowala kamwazi wa 1150 lumens ndi mwadzina wowala efficacy a 63,9 lm / W;
• 58W / 965 1SL - 58 Watt kuwala kochokera ndi mwadzina wowala kamwazi wa lumens 4550 ndi mwadzina wowala efficacy a 77,8 lm / W;
• 36W / 965 1SL - 36 nyali W fulorosenti ndi mwadzina wowala kamwazi wa 2800 lumens ndi mwadzina wowala efficacy a 77,8 lm / W.

Mkulu mtundu mamasuliridwe index limakupatsani kuona wolemera, luscious ndi masoka mitundu, zomwe zimachititsa nyali singasiyanitsidwe mu zipatala, masitolo kusindikiza salons kukongola, zakale, ofesi ya dokotala wamano ndi masitolo. nyali kumasiyana apamwamba phosphor ❖ kuyanika ntchito zitatu gulu phosphor ndi kusowa pafupifupi kuchepetsa mlingo zowunikira.

Master TL-D Xtreme 36W / 840 1SL - fulorosenti nyali 36 Watt mphamvu ziwiri pini, mtundu ozizira-woyera ndi mtundu mamasuliridwe index 85 Ra8, dzina lokha wowala kamwazi wa 3250 lumen kuyatsa linanena bungwe nkhope 90 lm / W. Maonekedwe ake ndi kuchuluka moyo utumiki wa 66 000 maola, chimene chiri chofunika kwa malo kukwera mtengo kwa nyali m'malo chifukwa cha kutalika kwa chipinda, zikusokoneza ntchito, kapena pamene kuwala nthawi zonse - mu ngalande, zitsime za mafuta, kupanga mosalekeza.

Master PL-C 18W / 830 / 2P 1CT - iwiri itatha fulorosenti nyali 18 Watt mphamvu ndi G24d-2-zitsulo, ofunda mtundu woyera wa 3000 K, mtundu mamasuliridwe index wa 82 Ra8, dzina lokha wowala kamwazi wa 1200 lumen, oveteredwa wowala Mwachangu 67 lm / W. Anaikira ambiri pamwamba kuyatsa mu nyumba yopuma, ritelo ndi nyumba ofesi. Fulorosenti nyali Philips Master PL-C amagwiritsa choyambirira mlatho luso limene limatipatsa mulingo woyenera ntchito, Kuphunzira bwino ndi dzuwa mkulu. A ziwiri chitsanzo ali m'munsi zochotseka ndi ntchito ndi EMPRA.

Mphamvu imayenera kuwala kochokera ku Osram

Osram umabala yaying'ono nyali fulorosenti 18 W DSST FCY 18 W / 825 E27 ofunda mtundu 2500 K, mtundu mamasuliridwe index 80, kuunika kamwazi wa 1050 lumens ndi katiriji E27. chipangizo amatha kupirira ochuluka zedi kuyambira m'zinthu - pamaso 1 Mill.

Osram Lumilux T9 C - 29 mamilimita ndi katiriji ndi annular nyale G10Q, oveteredwa mphamvu 22 W, mtundu kutentha 2700 K, mtundu mamasuliridwe index wa 80-89, dzina lokha wowala kamwazi wa 1350 lumens ndi mwadzina kuwala linanena bungwe 61 lm / W. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuti anthu nyumba, malo odyera, mafakitale, masitolo, amagulako, m'mahotela. Iwo amakhala ndi dzuwa, wabwino kuwala kwambiri kuwala linanena bungwe, ngakhale kuyatsa popanda mithunzi. Anandilola M'kuwala kusintha.

L 36 W / 840-1 - 1 liniya nyali mita, fulorosenti, 36W, zitsulo G13 m'munsi, mtundu kutentha kwa 4000 K, dzina lokha wowala kamwazi wa 3100 lumens, 80 mtundu mamasuliridwe index Ra, mwadzina wowala Mwachangu 86 lm / W. Zokha kuunikira zoyendera anthu.

Endura 70 W / 830 - electrodeless kuwala gwero Osram 70W, ndi oveteredwa wowala kamwazi wa 6200 lumens ofunda zoyera kutentha 3000 K, mtundu mamasuliridwe index ndi kuunika 80-90 Ra 80 lm / W. Izo ntchito mumphangayo kuunikira, zomera, misewu, malo masewera. Yodziwika ndi durability mkulu (mpaka 100 000 h.), Dzuwa, mkulu lumen linanena bungwe, yomweyo kuyamba-mmwamba.

Electrodeless fulorosenti nyali - chipangizo chimene kumaliseche amapezeka mu mkulu-pafupipafupi mu atomu kumunda kwaiye ndi mitima maginito pa botololo. Maginito sewero mbali ya munthu chachikulu kumulowetsa wa thiransifoma, ndipo kumaliseche mpweya - sekondale. Kaperekedwe nyali fulorosenti wa mtundu uwu ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti sledyuschemu: zamakono zili khola, iwo nthawi yaitali chifukwa pakalibe maelekitirodi kugwa.

DSST SENSOR CL A 15 W / 827 E27 - fulorosenti nyali mphamvu ya 15 W, ndi kuunika kwa kamwazi wa 870 lumen, ofunda woyera kuwala kutentha kwa 2700 K. Ali Mwachangu mkulu chifukwa ndi amasiya basi masana. Iwo anafuna kuti ntchito kunja kokha.