Alternating magetsi

Alternating magetsi apano - panopa ndi malangizo nthawi mosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu. Anthu mafunde kuti zosiyanasiyana okha kukula, wotchedwa kugunda. Makampani ndi tsiku ndi tsiku moyo nthawi zambiri ntchito alternating sinusoidal panopa.

Akatembenuka DC kuti AC magetsi angathe kuchitidwa motere. Anaikidwa mu yunifolomu malo amodzi maginito koyilo wa waya. Ndi yunifolomu kasinthasintha wa koyilo za olamulira a ku kamwazi maginito adzakhala mosalekeza zosiyanasiyana ukulu ndi malangizo. Choncho, ndi lamulo la kupatsidwa ulemu atomu, koyilo ndi aumbike variable malangizo ndi ukulu wa mphamvu electromotive (EMF). Ngati koyilo ndi chokhudzana ndi dera kunja, ndiye ife wodziwitsidwa alternating magetsi panopa.

Pamene ndege ya koyilo onsewo akukhala perpendicular ndi kulemekeza mizere m'munda wa maginito kudutsa therethrough ndi kamwazi maginito - waukulu (Φ = Φmax), liwiro kusintha ake ziro (ΔΦ / Δt = 0), monga kudutsa pamalo amatsogolera zisinthe Pepala la mizere ya mphamvu, popanda kudutsa iwo. Choncho, kupatsidwa ulemu electromotive mphamvu aumbike mwa koyilo amakhala ziro (E = 0).

Pamene koyilo ndege likufanana ndi mizere ya mphamvu, kamwazi ozama izo, ndi wofanana ndi ziro (Φ = 0), mlingo wa kusintha kwa pazipita ake mu udindo uwu ((ΔΦ / Δt) Max), kuyambira koyilo ochititsa ikuyenda perpendicular kwa mizere ya mphamvu.

Electromotive mphamvu akuwuka mu nkhani iyi mu kuzungulira, ali ndi phindu pazipita (E = Emax). Pa kasinthasintha zina za kumulowetsa liwiro kusintha kamwazi ozama koyilo adzakhala kuonjezera; Choncho, EMF mtengo chenicheni kuonjezera kuchokera 0 kuti Emax. Choncho, mlingo wa emf anachititsa mu koyilo onsewo pa zisinthe chimasintha kuchokera -Emax yake + Emax.

Ife lotseguka koyilo waya ndi angagwirizanitse kuti oscilloscope lapansi. Pamene koyilo ndi imazungulira m'munda maginito, ndi oscilloscope adzakhala kulemba kusintha onse panopa, amene adzaweruzidwa ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu electromotive mu koyilo pa zisinthe wina.

Panopa kwaiye mu koyilo pa mankhwala ake yunifolomu m'munda yunifolomu maginito, monga momwe waveform zimasiyanasiyana sinusoidally. yatsopano iyi akutchedwa alternating sinusoidal.

The nthawi imene mphamvu electromotive amachita oscillation wina, wotchedwa nthawi ya AC.

Letter lakuti oscillation nyengo - T. Chiwerengero cha oscillations pa 1 chachiwiri - pafupipafupi panopa, amene anatchulidwa kalata f. wagawo ake muyeso - hedzi (Hz):

f = 1 / T, kapena T = 1 / f.

Ngati mtengo wa EMF pa nthawi umasinthasintha ndiwo amaimira imelo (mtengo wake yomweyo), ndi mtengo waukulu (pachimake) - kudzera Emax, lamulo kusonyeza kudalira ndi, nthawi, tingasonyezere monga mawu otsatirawa mu nkhani ya sinusoidal panopa:

E = Emax˖sin (2 / T) T.

M'mayiko ambiri, ntchito mafakitale ndi zogona alternating magetsi ndi pafupipafupi 50 Hz, nthawi ya nyengo ya 0,02 chachiwiri.

Kukonzekera kwa alternating panopa magetsi ku mphamvu mawotchi imagwiridwa mwa makina apadera, ndipo amatchedwa magudumu. Mfundo ntchito yawo - lamulo la kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu. The oscillator dera zophweka kwambiri akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati chimango likuzungulira olamulira mu maginito ya electromagnet kapena maginito okhazikika. Pamene inu atembenuza chimango anapanga ndi variable electromotive mphamvu izo. Polumikiza chimango kuti ndi dera kunja, ife wodziwitsidwa alternating magetsi panopa. An alternator ndi dongosolo maginito n'kupuma ndipo onsewo coils anamanga infrequently.

Pafupifupi onse a windings jenereta (nangula) wayikidwa n'kupuma ndi dongosolo maginito (inductor) ndi zimayenda. Osasunthika gawo la jenereta imatchedwa ndi stator, ndi makina - ozungulira.