Kodi wamba mu kapangidwe ka losavuta mu maganizo a akatswiri

Nyama zomwe Tingaone kokha ndi maso ndi - Ndi yosavuta. Iwo apanga Subkingdom awo okhala mpaka 40 ths. Mitundu. Ndipo ngakhale chiwerengero chawo ndi lalikulu, asayansi anakumana ndi akuluakulu a protists okha zikomo 17 m'zaka za zatsopano za maso ndi Antoni galimoto Leeuwenhoek. M'nkhaniyi, tiona kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe awo, kuti tipeze momwe iwo amasiyana ndi zinthu zimene zimachitika mu kapangidwe ka losavuta.

Biology udindo wa nyama zokhala ndi selo imodzi mwa chilengedwe

Malinga ndi taxonomy wa gulu la zamoyo eukaryotic monga oimira makalasi sarkodovyh, n'ngopatsirana, ciliates, ndi flagellates. Repopulating ndi niches zachilengedwe mu hydro- ndi lithosphere, adakhoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya. Pakati pa yosavuta autotrophs, mwachitsanzo euglena wobiriwira, heterotrophs - ciliates, foraminifery ndi radiolarians, majeremusi monga Plasmodium falciparum kapena dysenteric ameba.

Ambiri mwa iwo ndi waukulu chakudya chodalirika nyama multicellular, coelenterates, arthropods, nsomba. Easy yolowera onse unyolo trophic, kusewera udindo wa ogula kapena alimi a dongosolo 1. Tiyeni tione zinthu zimene zimachitika mu kapangidwe ka losavuta lapansi.

A selo monga thupi yofunika

protists thupi imakhala selo limodzi, ndipo ngakhale palibe ziwalo, zimakhala ndi machitidwe Komabe, amatha kwathunthu kuchita ntchito ya kupuma, excretion, zakudya, ndi kubalana.

Kunja, nyama ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake, amene amagwirizana ndi chodabwitsa divergence. Iwo ananyamuka chifukwa cha wosankhidwa zachilengedwe ndi kusintha chibadwa. Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, onse osakwatira tating'ono zichokera kwa gulu wakale ndi zinatha maselo eukaryotic. Ikufotokoza kufanana mu dongosolo lawo morphological. Taonani chimene wamba mu losavuta kapangidwe, mwatsatanetsatane. Mwachitsanzo, madzi oyera okhala: Amoeba Proteus, ciliate-nsapato, euglena wobiriwira - ndi vacuoles contractile. Nthaŵi zimatulutsa madzi owonjezera ndi kuteteza ziweto ikutha ndi kulamulira kuthamanga osmotic wa madzimadzi mu thupi.

vacuoles m'mimba komanso ndi dongosolo zofanana, anadziphatika zinthu organic. Kapangidwe ka maselo zikuphatikizapo Golgi zida, mitochondria ndi lysosomes. Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti ambiri dongosolo losavuta.

Maphunziro amakhala ndi flagellates ofanana ciliates ndi amoeba dongosolo okhudza maselo ambiri. Koma mu kapangidwe kake lili maganizo amene ali chloroplasts, monga euglena wobiriwira. M'kuunika, mogwirizana ngati angathe dzuwa - autotrophic njira kudya zomera.

selo nembanemba

kapangidwe kake ndi katundu zikhoza kuonedwa monga muyezo, chimene chafala mu dongosolo losavuta. Kakhungu The wapangidwa ndi zamadzimadzi ndi mapuloteni mamolekyulu ndi zipangitsa ndi zoyendera wa zinthu, ndi pamwamba ili glycocalyx. Lili ndi mapuloteni kusonyeza udindo razdrazhitelnost.Chtoby thupi anali kuvundikira yeniyeni, anapanga pellicle, pamene sarkodovyh - khoma lolimba wosanjikiza cytoplasm. Mu rhizopods mbira Kakhungu pamwamba yokutidwa ndi lakuya kuti amachita ntchito Kuthandiza.

Ngakhale kusiyana kunja kwa zinthu chifukwa zimasintha chilengedwe, msinkhu wawo ma wa bungwe - muyezo wamba mu kapangidwe ka losavuta.