Anali moyo pa Mars? funso udakalipo

Izi dziko wofiira wakhala chidwi anthu. Mosiyana ndi mapulaneti ndi nyenyezi anapeza akale dziko chitukuko - ndi Sumerians ndi Ababulo. Komabe, mawu akuti "dziko" anabwera kwa ife kuchokera m'Chigiriki chakale, kumene amatanthauza akungoyendayenda thupi usiku kumwamba.

Mapulaneti anali amphamvu kwambiri chigawo chimodzi zikhalidwe za chitukuko wakale. Choncho, Ndinabadwira ku Iguputo ndipo wakhala wotchuka kwambiri nyenyezi - kuneneratu za tsogolo la kayendedwe ka zinthu zakuthambo. Mu Greece ndi Rome, dziko kuzindikiridwa ndi milungu yeniyeni. Venus amagwirizana ndi mulungu wa chikondi chifukwa mtundu yochitidwa, kotero amatikumbutsa mtundu wa wofatsa buthulo khungu. Mtundu wofiira la Mars sanathe chifukwa allusions kuwonongedwa ndi moto. Ndicho chimene Iye ali dzina la mulungu wa nkhondo.

Komabe, dziko panafika osati anthu akale. Iwo amapitiriza kuwonekera ntchito yamakono ya luso. Kumene akuti iwo asintha. Ngati Agiriki ndi Aroma kugwirizana dziko ndi chofunikira cha Mulungu, masiku ano, pamene kunapezeka kuti izo zinali chimodzimodzi matupi akumwamba, ngati Earth, anayamba waft ena m'maganizo chongoyerekeza. Ndipo pakati pa maplaneti onse a dongosolo lathu, mwina ndi Mars ndi zambiri alendo mankhwala chikhalidwe. Iye ankakonda kwambiri mu mtundu wanyimbo wa yopeka. Funso ngati pali moyo pa Mars, kaŵirikaŵiri chinkatilimbikitsa kwambiri yopeka olemba ndi Opanga filimuyi. Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka "Nkhondo ya wazolengedwa" mwa HG Wells akupereka zoopsa Martians kuwononga anthu. Ndipo Edgar Burroughs, mu "A Mfumukazi ya Mars", zolengedwa enawa amphamvu ndi chilungamo, ofanana kwambiri maonekedwe ndi pa nthawi yomweyo chosiyana kwa icho chiyenera wochokera.

Kodi sayansi imanena - ngati pali moyo pa Mars?

nkhani koyamba analeredwa ndi asayansi pakati pa XVII atumwi, pamene iwo apeza kuti dziko wofiira ndi ofanana Earth kukula, zisoti chisanu mizati, ofanana ndi digiri ya ndingaliro ya olamulira a kasinthasintha ndi chiwerengero cha magawo ena ofanana. Mwachibadwa, funso adanyamuka: anali moyo pa Mars? Kapena, mwinamwake, pali iye tsopano? Komabe, zimene ananena kudzera zakutali, ziribe kanthu momwe wangwiro kungakhale, sapereka yankho lomveka bwino.

Kusamvana asayansi mpaka nyengo ya kuyenda danga. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX Mwachitsanzo, chotchuka kwambiri chinali chiphunzitso cha kukhalapo kwa dziko buluu zomera, monga mmene kuonerera yaitali ndi umboni anecdotal. Mu 1960-70-ntchentche, m'nyengo ya danga mpikisano pakati pa mayiko awiri, dziko anatumizidwa kwambiri a ndege. Mwatsoka, zonsezi otchedwa ntchito nzeru anapambana. The bwino choyamba pansi pa dziko wofiira akanakhoza Union spacecraft, imene inkatchedwa "Mars-3" (a ndege awiri loyamba analephera), izi zinachitika mu 1971. Mu 1976, US ali "Viking" anafika Mars. moyo kufufuza si bwino ndiye. njira A ndi zimaphala anali mouma, ngakhale zinadziwika ofufuza American, zikhoza wodzazidwa ndi madzi mu kutali kale. Komanso, zinthu zachilengedwe zimene apezeka dzikoli, zimasonyeza kuti kupulumuka ndi kukhala pano sungakhale ndi mtundu uliwonse wa moyo. Izi kwambiri chosazirala akupeza ofufuza ndiponso asayansi.

Ndipo kokha angapo patapita zaka zambiri chidwi alikukonzeka watsopano nkhani yoti kunali moyo pa Mars. The United States anapezerapo unit pafupi ndi dziko mu 2008. Ndipo "Phoenix" kafukufuku kuphunzira kuchisonkhezera zinatha, mwakuwoneka chiyembekezo. Iwo anali atatsimikizira kuti kwambiri mpweya woipa alipo chikhalidwe cha dziko. Koma mu dziko ndi mankhwala tochoka ndi zomera. Zimenezi kamodzinso linachititsa mkangano waukulu ngati kunali moyo pa Mars. Komanso masiku ano apeza umboni wa madzi kumeneko! Phoenix ndi chidwi - Mars Exploration Rovers watha zaka zisanu dongosolo - anatumizidwa ku dziko kuti mwachiyembekezo kudziwa moyo uliwonse tosaoneka kuti sakuona kwambiri pansi, kapena kutsegula mfundo zimene zingachititse kuunikira pa wakale wa dziko wofiira.