Saint Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev - Ukraine chikhalidwe chawo cholowa

Mu mtima wa Kiev chakhazikika zomangamanga zofunika kwambiri za Kievan Lazaro - St. Sophia Cathedral, n'zosadabwitsa analowa mndandanda UNESCO. Izi ndi chidwi ndi wapadera kachisi, chidutswa cha mbiri komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu Chiyukireniya. Chaka yomanga tchalitchi sakudziwika: ofufuza ena timakonda kuganiza kuti anali kumanga Yaroslav Mudry, pamene ena amalimbikira kuti ntchito yomanga inayamba pansi Prince Vladimir. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma, ngakhale zaka zake, pafupifupi zaka 1,000 zapitazo, kachisi dostoyal masiku ano.

Amadziwika kuti St. Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev inamangidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi Hagia Sophia wa Constantinople. mpingo Chiyukireniya inamangidwa ngati chachikulu cha Dona Wathu Oranta kuti ali mu Constantinople. Kumangidwa kwa St. Sophia Cathedral mu Kyiv anali anapima kugonjetsa Pechenegs wa Kiev, pa malo a nkhondo zoopsa ndi kumanga kachisi. zomangamanga ndi amatikumbutsa kalembedwe Byzantine, kupatula zina mokoma, kotero amaganiza kuti kumanga ake anaitanidwa amisiri ku Constantinople.

Saint Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev, osati kamodzi anali pafupi imfa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa kachisi anaukira ndi Andrew Bogolyubskii mu 1169, ndiye tchalitchi pafupifupi anatentha pansi pa moto mu 1180. Gulu la Batu Khan mu 1240 analinso kungasokoneze boma la mpingo, zotsalira ambiri pa nthawi chandalama kapena kuwonongedwa. Mu XV m'ma St. Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev talandidwa ndi Crimea Chitata. Kenako nthawi ya pansi. Chitsitsimutso cha mpingo ananyamula Ivan Mazepa m'zaka XVII.

Mkati mwa tchalitchi linali zokoma ndi pafupifupi Sichinatsitsidwe anadwala vandalism ndi nthawi. Makoma akadali anasunga frescoes ambiri, Zithunzi ndi zojambulajambula. Pali chithunzi yotentha ndi ojambula zithunzi wina Byzantine mu XI atumwi, kuti, pamene leni ndi kachisi anamangidwa. The bwino anasunga ntchito zithunzi, phale awo ali wolemera kwambiri ndi zikuphatikizapo mpaka 170 mitundu. The frescoes anapulumuka, osati onse, ndipo ambiri a iwo azionjezera m'zaka XVII. Ena mwa iwo m'zaka za m'ma XIX anali kutsukidwa kwa mtundu wapachiyambi wokutidwa ndi mafuta pa zowonongeka ambuye Zojambula pakhoma kupenta popemphera.

Saint Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev anakhalanso kumene mtembo wa akalonga a Kievan Lazaro. Iwo anapeza sarcophagus Yaroslava Mudrogo, mwana wake Vsevolod, ndi zidzukulu - Vladimir Monomakh ndi Rostislav Vsevolodovich. Mpingo anali zotsalira monga "kapu ya Monomakh", kuti Vladimir anapereka mfumu Byzantine, komanso mtanda, anabweretsa kuchokera Constantinople Mfumukazi Olga.

Mkubwela kwa boma la Soviet m'zaka makumi awiri St. Sophia Cathedral ku Kiev anachenjezedwanso kuti adzalangidwa ndi chiwonongeko. Ngakhale zipilala ambiri a chikhalidwe Mkhristu ankangomumwaza wagwetsa, koma mpingo anayimira France, pambuyo mkazi wa Mfumu Henry Ine, Anna anali mwana wa Yaroslava Mudrogo, woyambitsa wa tchalitchi. Mu 1934 anaganiza kuti akonze owonetsera zakale-malo pano.

Sophia Cathedral ndi lero ndi zakale, pachifukwa ichi, iye si wa mu bungwe lirilonse achipembedzo zinali. Kulambira wochititsidwa kamodzi pachaka - pa Tsiku za ufulu wa Ukraine, August 24, pamodzi oimira zipembedzo zosiyana amapempherera umoyo wa dziko.