Saprophytes: icho chiri, chimene kudya, kumene moyo?

Mu chikhalidwe pali zamoyo - mabakiteriya, nkhungu, zomera, nyama - kudyetsedwa okonzeka zopangidwa organic mankhwala. Gwero la particles mpweya chifukwa iwo ali akufa kapena zinyalala mankhwala a zolengedwa zamoyo za chilengedwe. zolengedwa amatchedwa "saprophytes". Ndi chiyani icho? Timayesetsa kupeza nkhani imeneyi.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Dzina la gulu la zamoyo anachokera ku mawu awiri a Chigriki: "lawola" ndi "mbewu". Pano inu kwenikweni tanthauzo la zosiyana. Saprophytes ntchito mu zakudya ntchito ina ya zamoyo, chomera minofu ndi nyama, kawirikawiri - akufa.

Udindo wa saprophytes

Udindo wa zolengedwa amenewa pa kufalitsidwa dziko lonse la zinthu. Chamoyo chilichonse moyo nthawi kufa. Choncho anakonza mwachibadwa. saprophytes ambiri anafuna kutaya minofu akufa. Popanda iwo, biosphere kuti chabe bogged pansi mu zinyalala zawo, ndipo dziko lonse likanakhala kuti yatcheredwa ndi zinyalala ndi zinyalala mankhwala a zamoyo zosiyanasiyana - amoyo ndi akufa. Saprophytes kuchita ntchito pa chikhalidwe cha mizati kuyeretsa malo kwa moyo watsopano. iwonso kuwola ndinso minofu organic mu zinthu zake zikuluzikulu, amene ndiye ntchito ndi zamoyo zina chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo ndi ntchito.

Kodi mabakiteriya otchedwa saprophytes?

Chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya okhala padziko Lapansi moona kwambiri osati amenable kuti mawerengedwe enieni. Tizilombo ku maganizo a gulu mu zamoyo - ufumu ochuluka kwambiri. Ambiri mwa mabakiteriya alipo ndi saprophytes.

ntchito zofunika

Saprophitic mabakiteriya: ndichiyani? Cholinga chawo - kuwola ndinso organic mapangidwe m'madzi ndi m'dothi nawo mineralization, ndi mkombero wa zinthu mankhwala. Azotobacter Mwachitsanzo, kutenga nawo mbali mu ndondomeko ya asafe fixation. Ena - mgwirizano zofunika kutembenuka kwa mpweya, sulfure, phosphorous. Ndi ena "thandizo" tizilombo munthu kuphika zakudya. Ndipotu ndondomeko ya nayonso mphamvu lactic zimadalira saprophytes lapansi. Wowawasa kirimu kanyumba tchizi, tchizi, thovu mkaka zowotcha Nkhaka, otsika mowa zakumwa - mankhwala amene palibe tizilombo sitingakhale kulibe.

Buluu wobiriwira algae

cyanobacteria awa nawo ulimi wa oxygen. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mabakiteriya yakale anayamba kupanga mabiliyoni zaka zapitazo, m'mlengalenga. Ndipotu, panalibe mitengo ndi zomera zina kuti zimatulutsa mu ndondomeko ya dzuwa oxygen. bakiteriya A akhalipo. Ngakhale tsopano - chifukwa manambala awo lalikulu - nawo mpweya n'kofunika.

Bowa ndi zomera saprophitic

The ufumu wa bowa komanso ndi oimira gulu ili: ang'ono ndi sing'anga, ngakhale zikuluzikulu. Iwo ntchito masamba chakudya paluyu, manyowa, zimene thunthu ndi nthambi, ndowe, makala, nthenga ndi pansi mbalame, dander nyama. Ambiri - onse organic, zilipo. Mwachitsanzo, akuti malo oyera, achikasu lozhnoopenok sulfure, Coprinus Shaggy, Aspen, ndi bowa birch ndi saprophytes ena ambiri. Ambiri bowa zakutchire kubwera kwa zomera apamwamba (mitengo, zitsamba) mu kudalirana popanga mitundu yonse ya zatsalira zomera ndi nyama feteleza zofunika zomera zakudya.

mtengo ikulu (kawirikawiri - osati kwathunthu zosangalatsa) ndi mitundu yonse ya tosaoneka bowa-saprophytes. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu zakudya, wodziwonetsa iwo ntchito zawo zofunika, kulenga monga edible m'tsogolo, komanso mankhwala sanali edible. Yankhungu mkate ndi wowawasa kupanikizana, madzi thovu zipatso, wovunda apulo - awo "manja" chinthu. Mchere - Kombucha, Indian mpunga, mafangasi nayonso mphamvu kupanga mowa.

Mu zomera ndipo saprophytic. Ndi chiyani icho? Izi zomera kwina zambiri dzuwa zinthu (inki) ndi ndondomeko ikuchitika chifukwa kusinthasintha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochokera bowa, mwachitsanzo. Ndikosatheka dzuwa kungakhale tsankho. Mwachitsanzo, ena mitundu ya maluwa yekha pamlingo winawake zimadalira bowa, koma amachita dzuwa ndi zina.

zomera amatchedwa mikogeterotrofami. Zikuphatikizapo zoposa 400 mitundu yonse.

Animal saprophytes. Ndi chiyani icho?

Mwa zinyama nawonso ali ndi zamoyo ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, saprophytes nthata (banja arachnids). arthropods awa ndi osagwirizana mwachindunji pa zamoyo zina, koma okonzeka zopangidwa mankhwala organic akufunikanso. Amagwiritsa ntchito zawo mphamvu kuvunda chomera kapena minofu nyama. Saprophytes ndife oposa 150 mitundu nthata fumbi, ena mwa iwo amaonedwa allergenic. Iwo akhoza chooneka ndi maso, monga m'makulidwe zawo kochepa (pafupifupi - 0.2 mm). The moyo wa nyama - miyezi inayi. Panthawi imeneyi, kakobiri wamkazi ali nthawi mwayi kwa mazira 300. Koma monga galamu imodzi fumbi akhoza "sangagone" kwa anthu zikwi zingapo za zamoyo izi. Chakudya chimene amadya khungu flakes wosanjikiza anthu omwe alipo ambirimbiri pamene munthu amagona (malinga ndi sayansi ndi munthu wopambana mu chaka mpaka magalamu 700 particles khungu akufa, ndipo iwo kudya fumbi nthata saprophytes).