Kuyang'ana pa chitukuko maganizo a munthu

Kwa nthawi yaitali, pa mapeto a XIX ndi m'zaka za zana XX, mu kuwerenga maganizo panali mavuto methodological chikugwirizana ndi vagueness ndi njakata zolinga komaliza maganizo kafukufuku. Kulakwika kwa kamvedwe ka chitukuko chimene maganizo, kudziwa malamulo ndi zikhalidwe kumene ake, zachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha mfundo zosiyana, potengera zinthu chikhalidwe ndi zamoyo ndi otsogolera cha chibadwa ndi malo chitukuko cha psyche lapansi. Komabe, kuli masukulu osiyanasiyana analimbikitsa kudzikundikira kukukhala wazotsatira deta chitukuko munthu panyengo zosiyanasiyana za moyo yomwe yapangidwa ena ziphunzitso kufotokoza makhalidwe omwe adzasonyeze kuti makinawa kupanga ena katundu maganizo a munthu.

Mu sayansi yamakono, chitukuko maganizo ali kale adawonekera mbali ya malo wotchuka: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, Gestalt kuwerenga maganizo, a anthu ndi ziphunzitso chibadwa.

chitukuko zamaganizo ku mfundo psychoanalytic lingaliro,

Sigmund Freud analenga chiphunzitso cha mosadziŵa, ankanena kuti njira maganizo ndi ambiri sadziwa kanthu, ndi zokumana ochepa zauzimu anazindikira mwa munthu. Chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe anthu Freud anafotokoza chiyambi yekha kugonana, mogwirizana lokhalamo mbali pa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mu chitukuko cha maganizo - ndi njira yodzitetezera. Monga mbali ya wamkulu katswiri psychosexuality ankaona ndi maganizo chitukuko cha munthu mu nthawi mwana. Aliyense ali bwino siteji anapatsidwa ndi chibadwa zogonana, zimene zimakhudza psyche a mwanayo ndi ndiye munthu wamkulu.

chitukuko Mental mawu a zamaganizo majini

Chiphunzitso cha Piaget - yowala ndipo amadziwika kuti amange citukuko ca psyche mwana ndi nzeru. Asayansi chidziwitso kudziwa njira kusasitsa wa anatengera, kuloŵerera, malawi, ndi equilibration. Chidziwitso cha dziko chifukwa chikhumbo atengere kapena atengere. Anatengera Zikatero, imakhala njira kuloŵerera - kusintha malingaliro alipo mchikakamizo cha zatsopano ndi malawi, amene amalola pokonza mfundo ndi kukhala njira zatsopano khalidwe ngati anachita izo. The psyche ikusintha pa kusinthana oyenera a pasukuluyi.

Mchitidwe chiphunzitso ndi chitukuko maganizo

A lonse maganizo atsopano pa chitukuko maganizo a munthu ndi zamaganizo existentialist. Iwo amazindikira wapadera ndi m'maganizo a munthu amene ali omasuka ndi kudzikonda osauka dongosolo. Dziko lamkati la munthu aliyense, moyo wake - kuipidwa ukonde wa makhalidwe munthu maganizo ndi zofuna. Kodi woona ndi chochitika chenicheni zimathandiza kumvetsa mkati awo "Ine", motero mlingo wa zofuna ndi zokhumba zawo, kwambiri ndi digiri ya congruence wa umunthu. Mtima wofuna congruence wamkulu ali, monga mwa zamaganizo a anthu, achikhazikitso mbali ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi cholinga cha chitukuko - mawu pazipita kudziona mu ndondomeko wodzilamulira actualization. Wotchuka wa zamaganizo Maslow ankakhulupirira kuti moyo wa munthu ayenera kukhala zotheka molondola kudziwa ndi kusonyeza makhalidwe munthu, kupanga wake "Ine". Chinali chikhumbo amazindikira, zikhumbo osati chikomokere kutsogolera zochita zake ndi zochita. Pa njira ya kudziletsa actualization ndi kudzikonda kusintha pali mavuto osiyanasiyana kuti munthu aliyense ayenera kugonjetsa, kukhumudwa pa mavuto, izo zimaleka chitukuko, kungachititse matenda neurotic.

Zokana amadziwikanso kufunika kwa zachilengedwe nawo pa chitukuko maganizo anthu. Udindo umenewu ziwiri, chifukwa pa dzanja limodzi anthu kumathandiza kuti chitukuko ndi kudzikonda actualization, ndi pa zina, kuyesera kufufuta umunthu kupanga munthu ngati wina aliyense. Mulingo woyenera ulemu kwa munthu ndi anthu pa kaonedwe ka kuwerenga maganizo a anthu ndi anzake ngati imene munthu akudzitchulanso ndi kampani mu maonekedwe akunja, koma lofotokozabe payekha ake ndi kudziona mu njira ya chitukuko intrapersonal.