Development wa zamaganizo chifukwa kusintha chikhalidwe ndi sayansi

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ngakhale Socrates analozera kusiyana pakati pa thupi ndi moyo. Iye kumatanthauza moyo chifukwa, ndilo chiyambi cha la Mulungu. Zinali Kale, iwo amayamba kukula kwa kuwerenga maganizo. Socrates kumbuyo mfundo imeneyi ya mzimu wa munthu sufa. Choncho kwa nthawi yoyamba pakhala kuyenda kwa kumvetsa n'zosatheka wa thunthu. Kukula apamwamba kumvetsa anafika ndi Plato. Iye analenga chiphunzitso cha "maganizo" amene ali wosasintha, wamuyaya, alibe chiyambi ndipo si ikuchitika chinthu chilichonse. Kanthu, mosiyana ndi iwo, - ichi sichina, kanthu, chimene pamodzi ndi lingaliro lililonse akhoza kukhala chinthu. Part chiphunzitso ndi n'zosatheka ndi chiphunzitso cha moyo, imene amachita monga binder pakati pa malingaliro kuyambira ndi zinthu. Soul - mzimu wa dziko, iye anabadwa pasanafike thupi.

Development wa zamaganizo Sichinatsitsidwe adayima. M'zaka za m'ma XVII zinaoneka osiyana methodological khwekhwe kale - empiricism. Pamaso kuti chogwidwa kudziwa lolunjika pa ulamuliro ndi mwambo panopa amaona mantha kukaikira. Pakhala kwambiri atulukira ndi nzeru pa kusintha atsopano mu dongosolo maganizo sayansi. Psychology mu yaitali njira mbiri ya chitukuko ankaona sayansi ya moyo, kutsitsimuka, psyche, khalidwe. Ndi aliyense wa mawu awa amagwirizana ndi substantive okhutira ndi atasemphana maganizo otsutsana. Koma, ngakhale, anakhalabe mpaka wamkulu wa maganizo, ganizo ambiri pa mphambano pamene pali malingaliro atsopano osiyana. Nthawi zamaganizo kakulidwe zambiri anayima mu masiku amenewo, pamene anthu pali kusintha kulikonse kwambiri, kapena amalanga zokhudzana - nzeru, mankhwala - panali maluso atsopano amene mfundo Buku kusintha maganizo analipo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Ages Middle, mfundo zatsopano maganizo anali chifukwa kupambana kwakukulu okonzera ndi masamu. Woyamba maganizo lingaliro, analengedwa ndi masamu ndi zimango, a Descartes. Iye thupi monga dongosolo yaotomatiki opaleshoni umakaniko. Kukula kwa zamaganizo m'njira ina anapitiriza Bacon, amene akufuna kuthetsa maganizo a anthu ku tsankho ndi zamatsenga kuti silingamveke. Kuti ndi mawu otchuka akuti: ". Chidziwitso - mphamvu" Scientist otchedwa phunziro experimental a dziko, otsogolera pothetsa vutoli kutenga kuyesera wake, osati amalingalira ndi zakuthambo. Munthu amapeza mphamvu pa chilengedwe, mochenjera anamupempha ndipo chimakakamiza zinsinsi ake mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo mwapadera anatulukira.

Kukula kwa zamaganizo m'zaka XVII chavumbulidwa izi zikuchitika sayansi:

- wa thupi ngati dongosolo makina amene palibe malo makhalidwe chilichonse chobisika kapena mtima;

- chiphunzitso cha chikumbumtima ndi kupanda aliyense mphamvu payekha ntchito anaziika zoweta kupeza nzeru kwambiri zolondola zokhudzana limati maganizo;

- chiphunzitso cha chikondi monga yang'anira khalidwe anaika mu thupi kuti anatumiza munthu chakuti m'pofunika iye, ndipo anabisidwa kwa choipa;

- chiphunzitso cha ubale pakati pa thupi ndi m'maganizo.

Makamaka kakulidwe zamaganizo mu XIX ndi XX m'ma amalembedwa ndi zikamera wa mumaganiza latsopano: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, zokana. Mofulumira chitukuko cha anthu ndi sayansi, komanso mu Ages Middle ndi Kale, akankhidwira maonekedwe zikuwoneka wosiyana analipo. Nthawi imeneyi kuoneka ndipo potsiriza anapanga zosiyanasiyana nthambi za maganizo sayansi.