Shakespeare Theatre "Globe". Mmodzi wa owonetsera wamkulu wa London: History

Shakespeare Theatre "Globe" ndi chimodzi mwa odziwika bwino kwambiri osati UK komanso mu Europe. Lero si wotchuka chikhalidwe bungwe, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona zisudzo za anthu otchuka ndipo muwone masewera a nyenyezi ya dziko zisudzo powonekera, komanso ndi wina wa zowoneka wotchuka wa London.

prehistory

Zonse zinayamba ndi chakuti mu 1576 woyamba zisudzo anthu mu London inamangidwa Shoreditch, amene chabe yotchedwa "Theatre". Iye anali wa Yakobo Burbage, amene ankagwira ntchito ngati kalipentala unyamata wake, koma anadzakhala wosewera ndipo anasonkhana gululo wake. amalowa chinakhalapo mpaka 1597, pamene mwiniwake wa dziko lomwe anaima, adamfunsa amasulidwe dziko kapena kumulipira nyumba kawiri. Ndipo ana a bungwe khamu - Richard ndi Cuthbert - anaganiza kukhazikitsa malo atsopano pa mbali ina ya Thames natengedwa ku Hiramu anatumiza kwa mfutizo matabwa pomanga powonekera - mtanda wa mtengo ndi.

Woyamba "Globe"

Kumangidwa kwa zisudzo latsopano inatenga zaka 2. Chifukwa, Burbage olandira anakhala eni theka la nyumba ndipo anawatenga peresenti 50 pamtengo bungwe watsopano. Pakuti sheya otsala, iwo zidzasankhidwa anthu angapo odziwika bwino kampani wakale, mmodzi wa iwo anali wosewera ndi woyambitsa ambiri masewero amene amapanga repertoire a "Globus" - Uilyam Shekspir.

Latsopano Theatre inatenga zaka 14 zokha, imene panali linayamba kuonetsedwa pafupifupi ntchito lolembedwa ndi Wolemba wina wamkulu. "Globus" anali wotchuka zosaneneka, ndipo mwa omvetsera zambiri kuonedwa olemekezeka zofunika ndi olemekezeka. Kamodzi, pamene anali nawo sewerolo "Henry VIII" pa siteji, ndi kunja kwa dongosolo ed Cannon, ndi chifukwa kuti akayaka denga lake limakhala la udzu, ndi matabwa nyumba ndi moto mpaka pansi maola ochepa. Mwamwayi, palibe amene, kupatulapo azionerera amene analandira amayaka zazing'ono, sizimapweteka, koma la zamasewero Shakespeare "Globe", ndi chimodzi cha mabungwe otchuka kwambiri a mtundu umenewu ku England pa nthawi imeneyo, anawonongedwa.

Nkhani ya 1614 ndi 1642

Atangoyamba moto, zisudzo unamangidwanso pa malo omwewo. Komabe, ofufuza mulibe kuuzidwa lero ngati ndalama ndi ntchito yatsopano anali Uilyam Shekspir. Monga Wolemba wina biographers onani, pa nthawi anali ndi mavuto aakulu ndi thanzi, ndipo n'zotheka kuti chinali choti kuchokera bizinesi. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, Shakespeare anamwalira pa April 23, 1616, pamene zisudzo lachiwiri anapulumuka mpaka TH 1642. Zinali ndiye kuti "Globus" Anatseka ndi inasokonekera gululo wake, monga England, ndi Civil nkhondo inayamba, Oyeretsa anayamba kulamulira apanga lamulo zosangalatsa ntchito iliyonse musati zizigwirizana makhalidwe Chiprotestanti. Patatha zaka 2 zamasewero nyumba ndi anawonongedweratu, motero kumasula malo pomanga nyumba zogona nyumba. Pomanga ichi anapangidwa mothina kwambiri kuti ngakhale anasiya kufufuza kulikonse kuli zamasewero "Globe".

zofukulidwa

Britain amadziwika kuti dziko kumene zaka 500 zapitazo amamvetsera kwambiri kwa zikalata ndi akale. Choncho chachilendo kwambiri kuti mpaka mapeto a 80s Mu zaka zapitazo, palibe munthu akhoza kukuuzani malo enieni kumene wotchuka Shakespeare zisudzo inali cha m'ma 17 "Globe". Kuwala pa nkhani anakhetsa zofukulidwa m'mabwinja anapanga mu 1989 m'dera la magalimoto Anchor Terrace, ili Park Street. Ndiye asayansi anatha kuona mbali ya maziko ndi imodzi nsanja "Globes". Malinga ndi asayansi, m'dera ndi lero zingakhale zofunikira kuti apitirize kufunafuna zidutswa latsopano zisudzo zovuta. Komabe, kafukufuku sizotheka, kuyambira angapo nyumba ndi zipilala za m'ma 18, ya malamulo British sali pansi tsankho.

Kodi nyumba ya zisudzo pa Shakespeare

Miyeso ya wachiwiri "Globe" ndi sakudziwika bwinobwino, koma dongosolo asayansi anali kukonzanso molondola kwambiri. Makamaka, anali kupeza kuti inamangidwa monga atatu-tiered panja Bwalo la maseŵera awiri mapazi 97-102, amene angathe imodzi kumakhalamo amaonetsa 3 miliyoni. Choncho poyamba ankaganiza kuti nyumba imeneyi inali zozungulira Komabe, mbali ya zofukulidwa maziko anasonyeza kuti anafanana ndi pa 18 kapena 20 hedron ndipo anali nsanja chimodzi.

Koma dongosolo mkati mwa "Globes" kuti anawonjezera proscenium anafika pakati pa bwalo lotseguka. Mbali yokha ndi zimaswa, kumene, ngati n'koyenera, kunja zisudzo, anali ndi m'lifupi mwake mapazi 43, kutalika mamita 27 ndipo analeredwa pamwamba pansi ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 1.5 m.

mipando omvera

kufotokoza zomwe zilipo za zisudzo "Globe" akusonyeza kuti mphanga mwachilungamo yabwino apamwamba inali khoma pa gawo loyamba. Pamwamba tambirimbiri izi zinamangidwa kwa anthu olemera ndi London osauka koma olemekezeka ndi achinyamata, amene anali ndalama, anaonerera bwanji nditakhala pa nthaka, ili bwino pa siteji. Ine ndinali mu zisudzo ndi otchedwa dzenje, amene tiyeni osauka amene akanatha kupereka-pa-view chifaniziro cha khobiri limodzi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti gulu anali ndi chizolowezi kudya pa mtedza ed zisudzo ndi malalanje, kotero yomanga ya maziko "Globe" anapezeka milu ya zidutswa chipolopolo ndi mbewu zipatso.

Mapiko ndi malo oimba

Pa mbali kumbuyo kwa denga inamangidwa siteji, mothandizidwa ndi mizati ikuluikulu. Patsinde pa mtunda ngati munthu inali denga waikira mazira, utoto mitambo, pomwe ngati n'koyenera, zisudzo akanakhoza tsika pa zingwe, a milungu kapena angelo. Komanso pa zisudzo anali stagehands, tsika kapena kukwera chilengedwe.

Kuyambira mseri, kumene mamembala a pulasitala ovala ndipo anayang'ana kwa view pokonzekera zotsatira powonekera anali zitseko ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kuti limakhala adjoined khonde kumene oimba anatenga awo mipando zisudzo oketsra ndi ena zisudzo, monga kupanga "Romeo ndi Juliet", icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsanja zina pa zomwe kanthu udzachitika.

Shakespeare Theatre "Globe" lero

England ndi imodzi mwa maiko amene chopereka kwa sewero dziko zimavuta Musaone. Lero, odziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo zisudzo wotchuka wa London, umene pali zoposa khumi, Sitiperewedwa oonera mu nyengo. Chidwi kwambiri ndi wachitatu "Globe", monga ulendo wake ndi mofananira kuti ulendo nthawi. Komanso, alendo amakopeka ndi apano pamene zokambirana owonetsera zakale.

lingaliro kutsitsimutsa English zisudzo "Globe" mu 1990. Ndi kusamalira ntchito odziwika American wosewera ndi wotsogolera Sam Uenameyker analimbikira kuti nyumba yatsopano inamangidwa kuti bwino zinkafanana pachiyambi. Reviews alendo amene anapita zisudzo za zisudzo "Globe" zimasonyeza kuti ndithu timu yaikulu ya mapulani wotchuka, akatswiri ndi alangizi zikugwira ntchito ya chitsitsimutso mmodzi wa wotchuka mabungwe chikhalidwe m'mbiri ya London, anakwanitsa kwathunthu. Iwo ngakhale kuphimba denga ndi udzu, ankawaviika moto ndodo yake, ngakhale zinthu yomanga likulu British sichinayambe ntchito zoposa 250 Zaka. Kutsegula chinachitika mu 1997, ndipo kwa pafupifupi zaka 18, pali Tingaone zinthu zambiri za masewero Shakespeare ndi akanema pachiyambi ndi zovala. Ndipo, monga mwa ulamuliro wa James Woyamba ndi Charles Choyamba, mu bwalo lamasewera palibe kuyatsa yokumba ndi zisudzo ikuchitikira masana.

zisudzo

Monga tafotokozera kale, maziko a repertoire wa nakhalanso "Globus" - William Shakespeare. zisudzo makamaka otchuka monga "ankaweta wa Shrew," "Mfumu Lear," "Henry IV wa," "Hamlet" ndi ena omwe amachita ngati m'zaka za zana la 17. Mu chilungamo ziyenera ananena kuti si onse miyambo ya zisudzo Shakespeare anapulumuka mu masiku ano "Globe". Makamaka, udindo wamkazi wa Ammayi akusewera lero m'malo zisudzo achinyamata, monga ankakonda zaka 250 zapitazo.

Posachedwapa, bwaloli anabwera pa ulendo ku Russia ndipo anabweretsa staging ya "Night Midsummer a Dream." Icho chikanakhoza kuwonedwa osati Muscovites, komanso okhala Ekaterinburg, Pskov ndi mizinda ina yambiri ya dziko lathu. Reviews a ku Russia anali oposa osangalala, ngakhale kuti ambiri ankamvetsera mawu a mu kutanthauzira munthawi yomweyo, omwe sakanakhoza kusokoneza maganizo kwathunthu wa zisudzo ndi kusewera.

Kodi ndi momwe ndingayendere

Today Shakespeare Theatre "Globus" lili pa: Chatsopano Globe Yendani, SE1. Chophweka njira kumeneko ndi yapansi, kufika Cannon St siteshoni, malo House. Popeza nyumba gawo popanda denga, ndiye kumangoonerera pa ntchito ya zisudzo "Globe" n'chotheka 19 May 20 September. Pa nthawi yomweyo mwa chaka bungwe maulendo a nyumbayi, limakupatsani kuona kuti siteji ndi holo, komanso kumanga likulowa ndi mbuyo. Komanso, alendo kuwonetsa zovala anapanga pa zina zachidule za m'ma 17 ndi eni akale. Mtengo kuyendera zisudzo monga kowonera zakale za zisudzo luso la nthawi Shakespeare ndi 7 mapaundi ana ndi £ 11 akuluakulu.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa mbiri ya zisudzo "Globe", komanso inu kudziwa apo ndi zimene inu mukhoza kuwona zisudzo kumeneko.