American mink: yokonza ndi chisamaliro

Mink - ndi nimble ndi mafoni nyama. Chifukwa ubweya silky ake wandiweyani ayipanga zolinga mafakitale.

Koma mitundu ya nyama wokongola m'dziko limene pali awiri okha. Ndi European ndi American mink (kum'mawa). Otsiriza a iwo ali wa gulu la nyama ndi kuti Carnivora. American mink - view ku musteline. Ndi mtundu wa ferrets.

kusiyana pakati pa mitundu

American mink ntchito kukhala wachibale wapafupi wa European. Komabe, mawu amenewa anakana atsopano kafukufuku chibadwa. The view European ndi ofanana ndi ndime (chirombo, ubweya, amene ali mulu yaitali) ndi US - ndi marten ndi sable. Pa mfundo imeneyi, kum'mawa mink zina wolemekezeka monga mtundu osiyana, wotchedwa Neovison. Choncho, tinganene kuti mitundu awiriwa ndi maonekedwe palokha. kufanana awo kwambiri chifukwa cha zamoyo cha kukhalapo kwa malo ofanana.

chimasiyanitsa Kodi mink European ku US? Maonekedwe a mitundu izi ndi zosiyana yaing'ono. The mink European n'chochepa kwambiri Chigaza, ndipo ndithudi iwo ali penapake ang'onoang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu American thupi nyama kutalika kwa masentimita 50, ndi kulemera kwa nsomba lake lalikulu pafupi 2 kg. European mink ndi gulu la makilogalamu 0.5-0.8 ndipo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ferrets.

Pa miyendo mitundu ya nyama European ndi nembanemba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kusambira kwambiri. Pa miyendo ya akuluakulu a mtundu American nembanemba ndi underdeveloped.

Koma kusiyana pakati pa mink European ku US? Mbandakucha wachikuda ubweya. Komanso, oimira mitundu European pa milomo onse mwayera mawanga. Mtundu uwu uli pamenepo ndipo mink American. anapeza malo okhawo pa mlomo wa mmunsi ndi chibwano yekha.

Kufotokozera za mitundu

ndi mink American Kodi, zikuwoneka ngati ubweya nyama? Komanso European, ali ndi mutu ochepa. Komanso akhoza kusiyana ndi kuipanikiza flattened, sakhalitsa zozungulira makutu bwino anayamba ndi ndevu (whisker). Chosemedwa mutu zosavuta kuzindikira mwamuna ndi mkazi. Ndipo kusiyana kumeneku akuwonekera ngakhale mwana wagalu miyezi. The wamwamuna ali chigaza yaikulu waukulu. Izi zimachititsa kuganiza kuti thupi lake ndi zambiri zochita.

Ambiri mink maso ndi wakuda. The kuchotserapo yekha ena mitundu ya ZOOPSA. maso awo akhoza kukhala bulauni, wofiira, lalanje, chikasu kapena ngakhale Kamaoneka.

American mink (chithunzi ndi kufotokozera, onani m'munsimu) ali valikoobraznoe thupi, amene anawonjezera m'litali. miyendo kutsogolo pang'ono wamfupi kusiyana kumbuyo. Zikhadabo pa pafupifupi nevtyazhnye ndi mapazi anabala zidendene.

American ndi European mink ndi miyendo yaing'ono. Ndipo iwo pafupifupi zophimbidwa ndi ubweya. Ngakhale pamaso pa nembanemba kusambira, zala onse asanu ndi aliyense totsegulira ali okhoza kayendedwe palokha. Zimenezi zimathandiza nyama pang'ono atapachikidwa pa makoma khola, ndipo deftly kukwera pa iwo.

Monga zoyandama mink? Photo ndi kufotokozera onani pansipa. Chifukwa cha bwino anayamba Ngati a Bakha nyama kusamukira ku nyanja kapena mitsinje chifukwa undulations wa mchira ndi thupi.

Iwo akhoza kusambira m'madzi pa mtunda wa 30 m, kumizidwa kuti akuya 4-5 m. The liwiro kuyenda mu nkhani iyi ndi ku makilomita imodzi khumi pa ora. Koma pa nyama nthaka akhoza kusuntha mofulumira kwambiri. Pa mtunda waufupi pamtunda izo zimayendera pa liwiro mpaka makilomita makumi awiri pa ora.

Kutalika akuluakulu kudumpha kuchokera mink American ndi 1.2 mamita yaitali ndi 0,5 mamita lonse. Pa lotayirira chimachititsanso chisanu nyama movutikira, m'malo kukumba limayenda.

Area lafalitsidwa

The mink American ndi nzika za dziko lapansi Western. malo zachilengedwe - m'dera limeneli la Florida, New Mexico, Southern California, Arizona kwa Arctic Circle.

Koma mu makumi anai oyambirira a atumwi wotsiriza, nyama zinkachokera ku dera la USSR. Apa iwo ndinazolowera bwino ndipo anayamba kuchulukana. Pakali pano, ndi mink American ndi mpikisano waukulu mitundu European. Zimenezi zimawonedwa m'mayiko otsatirawa: France ndi Germany, Scotland ndi ku England.

Koma mink European, m'dera posachedwapa malo okhala chake utachepa kwambiri. Today nyama zimenezi zitha opezeka Balkans ndi Finland, mu Poland, kumadzulo kwa France ndi gawo European la Russia. Ndipo izi zonse ngakhale kuti malo watsopano wa mitundu anali mochuluka kwambiri. Anabisa m'madera onse European wotanganidwa ndi nkhalango (kupatula kumpoto-kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera). Kutha kwa akatswiri nyama kufotokoza chikoka cha zomera hydropower ndi acclimatization wa mpikisano bwino ndi lalikulu - ndi mink American.

njira ya moyo

Chifukwa malo awo American mink (onani pansipa chithunzi) amasankha malo omwewo, komanso European. Izo wakonda moyo m'nkhalango yowirira pamodzi zithaphwi ndi nyanja. Komanso nyama amakonda mtsinje, kumene m'nyengo yozizira pali ambiri "pustoledok".

Mink European ndi kusiyana American pa makonzedwe pobisalira wake. Wachiwiri wa mitundu iwiri imatengedwa kovuta. Izi kamakumba una zadothi, nthawi zina zinachokera ku muskrat a. Iwo ndi wautali, kumulowetsa ndime (mpaka 3 m), zomwe zikugwirizana makamera angapo. mabowo zinthu pa dera malo a munthu mmodzi ali pa 6 ndi 8. chisa chipinda mink nthawi zonse amaika bedi masamba youma, udzu ndiponso ndere. Nthawi zambiri chimbudzi nyama limakonza lokha pa malo ake. Pankhaniyi, ali chisa chake chipinda. Komanso fungo loipa akhoza ili pafupi ndi khomo burrow lapansi.

Kuwonjezera mabowo munthu mitundu American zambiri poyerekezera ndi European, akonzekeretse ana zisa zawo mu makungwa a mitengo akugwa ndi chibowo mu mbuyo pa.

Ubweya kuswana nyama

Ubweya American mink ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa ake European. Mu North America, nyama zimenezi wachita kale ankasakidwa alenje, kuwayika mu nkhalango yozizira kuti akakole mfuti zawo. Koma tsiku, kumakhaladi gwero la tsitsi mink munda. Poyamba, iwo anapeza mu Canada, ndipo kenako, chifukwa chomasuka kuswana nyama zimenezi, zimenezi panatenga ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri. M'mafamu izi zinachitikadi kuswana ntchito. Zotsatira zake zinali wakuda American mink, ndi pulatinamu, woyera ndi buluu. Yokumba kuswana ubweya analola kuti ubweya kwambiri kuposa kupereka nsomba mu chirengedwe.

zipangizo zaulimi

American mink akhoza ali onse kunyumba ndi zipinda zapadera. Koma kwenikweni, ndipo mu mulandu wina, nyama adzaikidwe mu khola.

Amene anaganiza kuchita malonda ndi ubweya, ayenera kumanga munda anu. nyumba yake kuti aime pa mosabisa, malo ouma, kutetezedwa mphepo ndi wofuka chisanu.

American mink ankakonda zinthu kutentha lolingana nyengo ya gulu pakati. Ngati m'dera limene munda ali okonzeka, m'chilimwe thermometer limatuluka pamwamba 30 madigiri, chipinda ayenera mpweya utakhazikika. Ndipo malo onse kumene nyama uli, malinga ndi magetsi ndi madzi.

Mozungulira munda m'pofunika kuti chipangizo zone ukhondo m'lifupi osati mamita osakwana mazana atatu. Ndi mtunda kwa msewu wapafupi ayenera kukhala pakati 25 ndi 30 m. The American mink zili imafunanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyeso kuteteza kuchoka nyama kunja kwa malire a munda. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kumanga mpanda mkulu, nakumba pansi kwa 30 cm, ndi pamwamba pa msomali denga mwachindunji kwa munda.

zinthu m'ndende

American mink (onani pansipa chithunzi) adzaikidwe mu maselo, malo apansi amene aukitsidwa pamwamba pansi. The zili nyama pa nthawi yomweyo apatukane. Akulu ayenera kukhala maselo munthu, kukhazikitsidwa mwalinga ndi denga matabwa, wotchedwa shedom. chipangizo ayenera inasangalatsa ndi kupatsidwa madzi. Monga ulamuliro, shedy ikuchitika mu mawonekedwe a rectangles, pa mbali kotenga amene ndi khola ndi nyama. chipangizo wotero facilitates ndondomeko ya kudyetsa kukonza mink manyowa pambuyo pawo. Komanso, ndi dongosolo limeneli, magawo onse a chisamaliro mosavuta makina.

Shedy ayenera yokutidwa ndi masikito, amene anaikidwa mu nthaka pa 30 cm (mu nkhani iyi nyama sangakhoze kusweka mpanda). Denga denga unapangidwa mapepala asibesitosi-simenti, imene zigwirizane latisi matabwa. Iwo anagona denga zakuthupi. Mu ndime pakati pa maselo amene m'lifupi ayenera kukhala osachepera 1,17 m, m'pofunika kuyala njanji konkire. Chapansi alinso kukhala inali ikadali yopanda tala. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa mayamwidwe wa mkodzo. Maselo okha akonzekeretse nyama atapachikidwa nyumba. Onse a m'dera ntchito kuyenda.

zotsimikizira maselo

Agile ndi wokangalika chirombo imatengedwa American mink. wokhutira osayenera yaing'ono chifukwa izi si yoyenera. Nyama ayenera dera ufulu kuyenda. Akukhulupirira kuti mink kukula pansi pa zikhalidwe zachilendo, ngati amagwira ntchito mu malo a mamita lalikulu 5,25 munthu aliyense.

Yomanga maselo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolondola. Iwo atha kutumikira ngati mauna kanasonkhezereka zitsulo. Maselo sangathe kutenga zinthu, kenako kukhala yokutidwa ndi dzimbiri, chifukwa kusiya patina zauve pa nyama ubweya.

Maselo anatengedwa muyezo mauna ndi kukula mauna 25 mm. Komabe, kudzera mabowo ngati ukhoza kugwera momasuka kunja ana agalu kuti ndi milungu iwiri. N'chifukwa chake maselo amene ali wamkazi, zimayikidwa pa mphasa pansi, zopangidwa ndi gululi ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono.

Chifukwa cha kuswana nyama mukufuna monga mink American? Okhutira ndi kusamalira nyama Pankhaniyi ziyenera kuperekedwa molingana ndi malamulo. maselo anayikidwa osati feeders zofunika ndi akumwa, komanso muli ang'ono ndi madzi. Iwo kusambira mink.

Komanso, zinthu zonse mu khola ayenera bwino wotetezedwa. Apo ayi, yogwira nyama kutembenukira zonse mozondoka.

dunnage

Pansi pa khungu lomwe lili mink American, kuti iikidwe ndi zabwino nkhuni zodulidwa, udzu kapena udzu. Komanso, aliyense nyama kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi osachepera makumi kilogalamu pa chaka. Ngakhale kusamalira ine mu mink postilku kuipitsa meree. Koma zoyenera muzikumbukira kuti lawola kapena zinthu owonongedwa sangathe kufalitsa pansi pa khungu.

zakudya

Iye wakonda kudya American mink? Kufotokozera za zakudya zachilengedwe ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Mu pompo-pompo nyama zimakonda kudya nyama zing'onozing'ono, mbalame ndi nsomba. Kudya ogwirira zokwawa ndi mollusks, achule ndi nkhanu. American mink chifukwa kukula kwake lalikulu zina kusaka abwampini, ndipo zaka Taphunzira ndi kukonzekera kukachita nkhondo ndi nkhuku.

Mu ukapolo, ogwirira izi kudyetsa nyama ndi nsomba, tirigu ndi nyama chakudya, fupa, nsomba ndi nyama chakudya, mkaka ndi mkaka, zakudya zokoma, chakudya yisiti sprats, mafuta mkate ndi mafuta nsomba kapena magulu. zakudya izi ayenera peresenti makumi asanu ndi kudya nyama tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo mu mphamvu ya minks sangawapulumutse. nyama zonsezi si dopoluchat ndi chakudya, izo zimaonekera ubweya awo. Pachifukwa chabwino akukhulupirira kuti 70% ya ubweya Kukongola amapereka apamwamba forage.

Pankhani kudzala zakudya, ntchito oatmeal kapena buckwheat ndi balere, nandolo ndi mbewu mapira. Perekani kamakumba una mpendadzuwa mbewu mkate, soya ndi sikwashi, komanso Beets ndi kaloti, mbatata ndi turnips, zipatso ndi mbewu masamba, tomato ndi kabichi. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe nthawi akuwonjezeka chakudya udzu wamng'ono ndi anyezi wobiriwira ndi nsonga ya mbewu mizu.

mtundu zakudya

Ntchito yaikulu ya mink kudzinenepetsa ndi kudyetsa ziweto kuposa china kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kudyetsa ubweya zobala nyama. The oyamba - nsomba. Akunenedwa kukachitika kuti nsomba amapanga maperesenti oposa makumi asanu za madyedwe caloric. kudya mtundu mukhale chakudya. Monga amaona pamene okhutira caloric wa nyama ndi maperesenti oposa makumi asanu. Kudya ndi wosanganiza kapena myasorybnym. dzina ichi chapatsidwa zakudya ndi okhutira wofanana nsomba ndi mankhwala nyama.

zakudya

Nyama kudyetsedwa kawiri tsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ndipo zizichitidwa mu maora mosamalitsa ena. Kupatulapo ndi akazi apakati. Iwo amafuna chakudya kawirikawiri - nthawi 3-4 tsiku.

Inu kudyetsa nyama tsiku lililonse, popanda kupuma. Kudya, ngakhale yochepa, kenako zimaonekera pa ubweya. Iye thins kunja ndipo chimazilala.

Pakuti mink zofunika ndi kumwa boma. Madzi nyama ayenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa nthawi anthu pamene nyama amadya youma kapena zam'chitini chakudya.

Kuswana ndi kuswana minks

Ndi maonekedwe a mbeu ya nyama ayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale. Ndipo ndondomeko lonse amafuna kukonzekera bwino ndi bungwe. Monga ulamuliro, mu March pa akazi mink chisokonezeko akuyamba. Ndiye nyama amamuchitira. Mbadwa iwo kuwonekera theka lachiwiri la April kapena oyambirira May.

Kwa masiku 10-15 pamaso pa tsiku sikhala ya kubala kwa maselo muli chachikazi, m'pofunika kuika zodulidwa zofewa kapena udzu. Izi ndi zothandiza ana, ndilo zambiri kwa ana agalu 5 6. Mu ngati chisa nyama zing'onozing'ono lidzakhala kwa masiku 40, kudya mkaka amayi awo ndi pang'onopang'ono amakonda kudya. Itatha nthawi iyi, mink waikamo mu maselo payekha.

Ndi kuisamalira ndi yokonza wa mink American ndi September izo adzakupatsani zazikulu yozizira ubweya. Mpaka December nyama anasankha pa khungu.

Okhutira ndi kulima mink American kumatenga zaka zosaposa 5.5-6. Pambuyo kuti nyama zochepa mphamvu kubereka ndi chatsitsa khalidwe la ubweya.