Silhouette mumzindawo. History ndi zofunika mfundo

Silhouette mumzinda zachokera chisankho mapulani, koma zowoneka adazindikira mwa ndondomeko, ndi malire pakati pathambo wopandamalire ndi "thupi" mumzindawo. Monga wotchuka American wotsutsa Pol Tsuker, malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha mzere uwu amapereka kuganiza za kuyenda. Game pamwamba pa nyumba mapulani, ndi contours a madenga, gables ndi nsanja - zonsezi amalenga silhouette wapadera wa mzinda, ndi mtundu wa chithunzi maonekedwe. Kayendedwe ka nyumba kamangidwe, compositional maganizo associative likuthandiza mzimu ndi maganizo a mzinda.

Silhouettes a mizinda ndi chikoka chachikulu pa maganizo a munthu. Khalidwe yopingasa ndi ofukula ngati ofanana yekha dongosolo umboni wa ndondomeko Cartesian. Kunena zoona, yopingasa - ndi pamwamba pa zomwe ife ikuyenda mbali zonse. Choncho, kusintha amaona ndipo zinalembedwa chikumbumtima chathu. Pamwamba yopingasa alibe maganizo athu, ndi chisonyezo cha mfundo maso Buku pa yopingasa ndi bwinobwino m'zinthu malangizo choimirira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ofukula amachititsa munthu kucheza ndi mphamvu, ndi chizindikiro cha chigonjetso cha maganizo a munthu, otchedwa kuitana kumwamba. Iwo kukufotokozedwa mwangwiro mu nthano ya m'Baibulo ya kumanga Nsanja ya Babele.

Kuyambira kale, ndondomeko ofukula kuti ndi cholinga, kuwukira ndege mlengalenga: domes a matchalitchi achikristu, spiers ndi nsanja aang'ono Catholic, mapiramidi a Egypt, ku Central America, Mesopotamia, ndi zina zotero. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nyumba kamangidwe ka kufunika achipembedzo ndi dziko liyenera kusonyeza ulamuliro ndi kuposa lomenyera mzinda wonse. Ndi mu Chiyambi chake ndi zithunzi silhouette mumzinda monga zikuchokera luso.

Ku Ulaya pa Middle Ages mapulani a m'tawuni ankasiyana nkhondo yosalekeza verticals. Pa nyumba m'tauni anaimirira pansanja ya mabanja achifumu. Kumene, iwo anali kumbuyo, koma anachita ndi yophiphiritsa udindo - anasankha oimira kalasi olamulira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, nchito imeneyi anatenga pa tchalitchi ndi holo mzinda, amene anapanga konse mzindawo. Malangizo vekitala yomanga anali kupita pa mfundo za machitidwe mapulaneti ku maofesi awa.

Russia kalekale pa mawonekedwe a mzinda yodziwika ndi luso gulu chabwino. Chifukwa cha mfundo za malo Kremlin nsanja aang'ono anapanga silhouette ogwirizana a mzinda. Tikhoza kunena kuti mapulani wakale, Osema ngati, vyleplivali ndi pang'onopang'ono analiumba. Anatsegula, nyumba yatsopano, ngati unali equilibrated nyumba zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu Moscow pa superstructure nsanja boma la Russia, amene anamaliza mphungu mitu iwiri, kukonza ndi kukwaniritsa silhouette mumzindawo.

Pakali pano, mwatsoka, m'madera ambiri a dziko wathu akuchita zimaononga amaonera chonse cha malo m'tawuni. Silhouette la mzindawo ndi osalimba ndi zopanda nzeru ndithu chitukuko osati wa pakati mbiri, komanso otchedwa "Madera kuchipinda" bwanji kuzindikira zithunzi mzinda wonse.