Smolny obisika - wanzeru kulengedwa kwa mfiti waluntha

Ngakhale m'badwo moyo anaphunzira m'sukulu Soviet, Smolny Akatolika, kapena kungoti "Smolny", adzakhululukidwa kugwirizana ndi V. I. Leninym. Ndipo zaka khumi mu mbiri ya gulu loyimba izi kamangidwe ka tsamba zokhudzana ndi zaka 1917-1918 adzakhala yowala. Ndipo masiku awa zochitika izi, kwambiri zomvetsa chisoni. Popanda iwo, Smolny Akatolika Rastrelli akanakhalabe chimodzi cha ntchito zambiri zazikulu za mmisiri waluntha.

Dzina la adiresi

Mbiri kwambiri ya chiyambi cha agulupa ya dzina ndi chidwi kwambiri, komanso pafupifupi chinthu chilichonse St. Petersburg. malowa anali m'dera malire pamaso kuwuka kwa likulu la kumpoto. M'mudzi Spasovschina, pomwepo, mwamsanga pamene asilikali a Sweden anamanga ku khundu banki Nienschanz achitetezo pa malo awa inamangidwa ndi linga Sabina. Admiralty doko la zombo zapanyanja - imodzi mwa nyumba yoyamba ya akutulukira mzinda yotchedwa. Zinali zofuna zake ndipo anamanga phula pabwalo. Ikani kwa dzina labwino munakhala. Smolny Akatolika akuwuka apa ina, komanso ambirimbiri zinthu mu dzina lake lili adiresi ya malo komanso ... chidutswa cha mbiri.

Chilakolako cha Mfumukazi - chilamulo

Ganizo zikamera wa agulupa ali Mfumukazi Elizabeti, amene patsogolo mukusautsika ndi za msinkhu wawo. Iye ankafuna bata ndi mtendere, ndi zonse izi molondola mutsimikizira obisika, ukhaenda kukhala mfumukazi ya abbess lapansi. Koma moyo wosasangalala kwambiri chifukwa cha njira kumene kumakhala Amonke moyo sanali m'gulu mfundo m'badwo osangalala akale, ndi Smolny obisika inaperekedwa kwambiri ngati kusukulu kuja kwa madona aang'ono wa m'banja lachifumu. Mwachibadwa, kulimbikitsidwa kukhala yodzera aliyense wa ana 120. Aliyense ali ndi nyumba osiyana ndi thandizo - ngati osiyana, omasuka nyumba. Pa abbess yomweyo anali kukhala nyumba zosiyana.

Chief wamanga wa St. Petersburg

Kusankha malo - msonkho kwa zaka wamng'ono anakhala mu za Smolny Palace (dzina lachiwiri la Buthu), mu mtundu wa ndende, pa behest wa Anny Ioannovny.

Francesco Rastrelli, mwana wa wotchuka Charles Rastrelli, pa nthawi imeneyo unachitikira malo wamanga mkulu wa St. Petersburg. Iye anauzidwa kuti amange Kuuka Novodevichy Akatolika. Mu 1744, wazomangamanga wanzeru analengera ndi Baibulo latsopano la chinthu mwambo, amene pamodzi ndi nyumba ozungulira lafalikira watsopano pa zomangamanga mpingo.

Njira original

Zofunika kwambiri zimasiyanitsa Mbali anali anasiya mpanda mwala. Izi zinali amanena chakuti bungwe la sizidzatsekedwa obisika, kuonetsanso okwana renunciation moyo yakale ndipo adzakhala, kani, apamwamba bungwe maphunziro madona highborn. Mu 1748 mwala woyamba chinaikidwa. mwambo panafika Mfumukazi. Rastrelli a Smolny Akatolika wayamba imodzi mwa nyumba zofunika kwambiri kwa dziko.

Olden kupezeka

Koma zofuna akazi ndi loopsali. Ndipo Mfumukazi akufuna kwambiri. Ndipo tsopano, mu 1849, ndi kusodza koyamba redesigns. Choyamba, yafupika kwa odzichepetsa kukula kwa m'deralo belu nsanja, meters amene Rastrelli 140 mkulu ndi owonjezera Petro ndi Paulo belfry. Mu ntchito watsopano, pali zinthu zina amonke wakale Russian. Kwenikweni, amapereka domes: chapakati - lalikulu ndi chachikulu - atazingidwa ndi anthu anayi.

yomanga m'ma

A gulu loyimba watsopano Smolny Akatolika, wambirimbiri ndalama ndi ntchito. Mu 1754 nkhani anabwera Elizabeth. Zimene anaonazo anadabwa Hana, moti nthawi yomweyo anagwira gigantomania ndipo analamula ana awo anaponyedwa belu akanati anatchuka mofanana ndi Tsar Bell - miyeso ake kuti apange mamita 6.5 m'lifupi, nafuna chimalemera mapaundi 20,000. Koma Mfumukazi kufa akamafika ndi kudzipereka wapadera. Smolny Akatolika kuiwalika.

masauzande makumimakumi aiwala

zaka zisanu si anagwira ntchito iliyonse. Popanda domes ndi nsanja belu pulasitala zovuta inamera nthano mdima. Nkhondo itafika chuma, Catherine II, pa Rastrelli amachotsa ku malonda. Kwa zaka khumi, kuchokera zaka 1785 kuti 1795, ntchito imeneyi imachitika, ndiye chisanu. Ndipo ngati icho chinali anayambika mkubwela kwa latsopano Mfumukazi Maphunziro Society atsikana ku mabanja mfulu, amene anali ndi moyo kwinakwake, Smolny Akatolika ku St. Petersburg akanakhalabe sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale - munkakhala avirigo 20 okha.

Ndi kubwera Paulo "wolemekezeka atsikana" ( "smolyanok" kapena, ngati iwo ankatchedwa) atichotsa kukhazikika pa wopanda malo amasiye. Mwachionekere, pali nyumba amenewa, komwe, ngakhale kukongola kwawo, sangathe kutenthetsa malo.

anabwera mwiniwake

Kwathunthu anamaliza kumanga Nicholas I. anapitiriza nthawi unprecedentedly yaitali - zaka 87. Wazomangamanga V. P. Stasov, kupindulira mpikisano, wobwezeretsedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa tchalitchi kwa zaka zitatu, ndipo okha 1835, zovuta anali opatulidwira. Iye anadzadziwika ngati Cathedral mabungwe onse maphunziro. Anauziridwa ndi kukongola kwa kunja, umene ndi Smolny Akatolika (chithunzi umboni), ambuye Russian ayesa kupanga mkati oyenera Rastrelli kwambiri. holo ali chokongoletsedwa ndi nsangalabwi mpira, Krustalo balustrade ndi ntchito altarpiece Vasnetsov anapanga Smolny Akatolika wapadera chuma cha chikhalidwe Russian. Chinthu chokha chimene konse inatha, belu nsanja, imene, mfundo, ndi ndekuti maonekedwe a tchalitchi. Ilo linali lokongola.

Masiku ano, chirichonse igwera mu malo

Koma kukhalabe udindo uwu ansembe a masiku ano sanathe kupeleka ulimi, kenako ngale izi ngakhale ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina. Munthu wosaukayo chinatsekedwa wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja; mu 1990 nyumbayi ntchito monga zoimbaimba ndi chionetsero holo.

Oyambirira nthawi zambiri pemphero chikuchitika kuno mu 2009. Popeza 2010, Smolny Cathedral ntchito cholinga chake - ndi lotseguka kwa kulambira. Mu 2011, pafupifupi zaka handiredi kenako, mu Smolny Cathedral inachitika Khirisimasi kulambira.