Stryker ndi galimoto yomenyera nkhondo. American BTR Stryker

Stryker ndi galimoto yowonongeka yomwe imapangidwa ndi General Dynamics Land Systems. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a magudumu a 8x8 / 4. Mtengowu umachokera ku Canada BTR LAV III, yomwe ikugwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri anthu a ku Switzerland omwe amanyamula Piranha III 8x8. Stryker ikugwira ntchito ndi magulu odziŵika ndi asilikali a US Army ndi mayiko ena ambiri.

Kusankhidwa

BTR Stryker ndi chida chachikulu cha magulu ankhondo a asilikali a US Army , opangidwa m'ma 2000. Zimapangidwa kuti zitsatire magalimoto oyendetsa njinga zamtunda (kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa magalimoto) kumalo omenyera nkhondo, ndi kuthekera kwa asilikali omwe akuwombera molunjika kuchokera ku makina, kupititsa patsogolo kuwathandiza moto kwa anthu othawa kwawo komanso pambuyo pofulumira, kuphatikizapo kuthandizira ndi kuthandizira kulimbana kwa magulu a magulu a asilikali a US.

Magalimoto amtundu wa banjali (BT) a banja la Stryker akuphatikizapo mitundu 10 ya makina a chitetezo chowonjezeka, omwe akutumikira ndi Brigade Combat Groups Stryker. Mabaibulo oyambirira analowa ndi US Army mu February 2002, kuyambira mu April 2013, magulu 4349 a BT a mitundu yosiyanasiyana adaperekedwa.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Pambuyo pa chigonjetso ku Cold War, zida za US zinasokonezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha mikangano yovuta kwambiri. Pa October 12, 1999, General E. Shinseki (yemwe anali mkulu wa asilikali a US Army) analengeza ndondomeko ya nthawi yayitali yosinthidwa kwa maboma a dzikoli m'tsogolomu, poganizira zovuta ndi zam'tsogolo zamakono komanso zam'tsogolo. Pulogalamuyo, yomwe inatchedwa The Objective Force, inayambitsa zoyesayesa za asilikali a US kuti apange mphamvu zomwe zingayankhe mofulumira ku zovuta m'madera alionse a dziko lapansi, panthawi yomwe imakhala m'malo ogwira ntchito ndikuyambitsa mikangano iliyonse.

Pulogalamuyi inatsimikizira kuti asilikali akugwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zogwirizana ndi zochitika zomwe zimachitika komanso kuti zikhale zoyenera. Gawo loyambirira la pulogalamuyi ndilo kupititsa patsogolo pakati pa magalimoto omenyana, otchedwa IAV (Galimoto Yoyamba Yogonjetsedwa). Nkhondo ya America panthawiyo inalibe BT yamakono.

Mzere watsopanowu wapangidwa kuti apangitse kusiyana kwa mphamvu za pansi kuti athe kuchita zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa "zachikale" zamagulu, pogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amphamvu komanso amphamvu kwambiri omenyana ndi mabomba monga BMP M2 "Bradley", kapena kuwala ndi mafoni, komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo ngati zipangizo zopanda zida zankhondo monga M998 "Hammer" . Maseŵera akuluakulu a magulu ankhondo omwe amachititsa kuti magalimoto apangidwe apangidwe ndikumenyana kwapakati pa nkhondo.

Kuphunzitsa asilikali

Pambuyo posankha anthu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito zankhondo, omwe ankawoneka kuti ndiwo maziko a magalimoto omenyera nkhondo a m'banja latsopanolo, Canada BTR LAVUTO III inkatengedwa ngati maziko. Miyezi ingapo chiyambireni mayeserowo, mu November 2000, ndondomeko yogula katundu ya makope 2,131 a Stryker BT inavomerezedwa. Galimoto yolimbana ndi nkhondoyi inalowetsa mwachangu ma brigades.

Makina oyambirira anali a mitundu iwiri yokha:

• SAU M1128 (MGS) yokhala ndi mabomba okwana 105 mm a British Ordnance L7, omwe anaikidwa pazitsamba zoyamba za nkhondo zaku America za Abrams. Mfuti izi zinapatsidwa ntchito yolumikizana ndi moto pomenyana ndi magulu oyendetsa galimoto.
• Anthu ogwira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida za M1126 Stryker (ICV).

Zofunikira ndi malamulo

Zida zatsopano za ku United States malinga ndi ndondomeko ya akuluakulu a boma zinali zosakwera mtengo komanso zowonjezera ndalama, zomwe zili ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuyenda. Zopanda zodabwitsa za "Strikeers" zinali kuti zomwe BT yowopsya ya mtundu uwu ndi 25% zochepa kuposa zomwe zili gulu la gulu la asilikali lomwe linali ndilemera kwambiri BMP "Bradley".

Malinga ndi malamulo, gulu la Brigade Combat Team Stryker liyenera kusamukira kumalo aliwonse padziko lapansi mkati mwa maola 96, magawano mkati mwa maola 120, ndi magawano asanu ofulumira mofulumira mkati mwa masiku 30. "Stryker" imatengedwa ndi mpweya ndi "otumiza" C-5 "Heleksi" (magalimoto okwana 4), C-17 "Globemeister III" (magulu atatu) ndi C-130 "Hercules" (1 unit), ndipo pambuyo pa kutumiza BT ayenera kukhala Pokonzekera nkhondo mokwanira kuti muchitepo kanthu.

Zovuta za kayendedwe

Kuchokera pomwe kuyambira kwa mayesero a galimotoyi yomenyana, pakhala mavuto ndi kutsata kwa ogwira ntchito ogwira zida zankhondo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono ndi zofunikira zomwe anawerengera. Choncho, zitsanzo zoyamba za BTR Stryker zinali ndi mavuto akuluakulu ndi kayendetsedwe ka ndege zawo za C-130 Hercules. Chifukwa chazitali zazikulu za ogwira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zida zapamtunda pakati pa mipando ndi mipando, panalibe malo omwe anatsala. Chifukwa chake, pokwera ndegeyo tikhoza kukhala pansi pa zokhazokha za dipatimentiyi, zomwe zinayambitsa zovuta pakubwezeretsa asilikali m'madera ena.

Pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, pofuna kuti Stryker apite ndege, ogwira ntchitoyo anayenera kuchotsa zitsamba ziwiri za utsi, nyerere zonse, kumbuyo kwa kumbuyo, zomwe zinatseka kuchoka kwa galimotoyo, ndege yomenyana ndi nsanja ndi zina ndi zina. Chifukwa cha ichi, nthambi inathera nthawi yambiri kuyika zida zitatha kutulutsa ndege.

Zowonongeka

Mu August 2003, Senate ya ku United States inalandira lipoti lovulaza za makhalidwe omwe Stryker ali nawo. Galimoto yothandizira asilikali inali yodalirika komanso yokwera mtengo. Chotsindika chachikulu chidapangidwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa General E. Shinseki pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa BTR yapamwamba ya nkhondo ya US, yomwe idzakumane ndi mavuto onse amakangano amakono.

Lipotili linatsutsa kuopsa koopsa kwa banja la Stryker kutsogolo kwa RPGs, yomwe ili ndi zigawenga ndi magulu a zigawenga, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri asilikali ogwira ntchito zankhondo, zomwe sizimangotumiza magalimoto pomwepo ndi ndege za C-130 Hercules.

Kuyeza kumeneku kunasonyeza kuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimasinthidwa, kaya ndi cholemera kwambiri chophimba M1128 kapena ogwira ntchito yonyamula katundu wa M1126. Mavuto amabwera pamene akuyenda mofulumira komanso pamene akusunthira kumalo ovuta. Komanso, "Stryker" imakhala yosauka - pakhala pali milandu yosokoneza pa msewu wamba.

Kuyerekeza ndi ochita mpikisano

Otsutsa a ogwira ntchito zogwira zida zankhondo amasonyeza kuti Stryker muzinthu zambiri ndi zochepa kwambiri pa galimoto yowonongeka ya M113 pamsewu wothamanga, ndipo M1128 (MGS) ndi yoipitsitsa kwambiri kuposa ntchito yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa ya M8 AGS. Malinga ndi akatswiri ankhondo, magalimoto a Stryker analephera 7 mwa mayesero 9 akuluakulu, poyerekeza ndi M113A3, makamaka ma TVV. Kuwotcha, kuyendetsa kunja kwa misewu ndi kumidzi, kudalirika, kudalirika, kuthekera kwa mlengalenga komanso mosavuta kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Kuchotseratu zolakwitsa zomwe zadziwika kunayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa ogwira ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito zombo.

Zolemba zamakono

Antchito a Stryker ogwira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zida zowonongeka ndi kukonzekera kumabwereza kubwereza - MUTU III, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Choyamba, kutalika kwa chipolopolocho kumadutsa chiwonetserocho ndi 25-30 masentimita. Izi zinkachitidwa kuti mupeze mosavuta zida za asilikali, ogwira ntchito ndi magetsi. Pofuna kuteteza kumigodi ndi minda ya nthaka, maonekedwe a pansi adayenera kusinthidwa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale likuwonjezeka kuti apereke ndalama zowonjezeredwa ndi V mofanana ndi voliyumu. Zosinthidwa pang'ono ndi zofanana.

BT yokhotakhota ili ndi chikhalidwe choyambirira cha magalimoto: kutsogolo kumene kuli chipinda choyendetsa galimoto, kutsogolo kumanzere kuli gawo loyendetsa ndi mpando wa woyendetsa. Pambuyo pa dalaivala ndiye woyang'anira galimotoyo. Chipinda chapakati ndi gawo lachiwiri chimaperekedwa ku chipinda chokhala ndi amphibious, kumene anthu 9 okhala ndi zida zokwanira amatha kuikidwa. Pa denga la nyumbayi kuti akwere mabwato ali ndi zipilala pamwamba pa malo ofanana, kubwera kwake kumadutsa pamakomo a aft, maulendo odzidzidzidwa amaperekanso pamwamba pa malo olowera.

TTX ya mtengo waukulu M1126

• Kutalika ndi 6394 mm.
• M'lifupi ndi 2667 mm.
• Kutalika ndi 2170 mm.
• Chilolezocho ndi 500 mm.
• Kulemera kwake ndi matani 17.2.
• Liwiro pamsewu ndi 97 km / ora.
• Mphamvu yosungira (pamsewu) - 531 km.

Kupangira mphamvu

M'chipinda chojambulira injini chimayikidwa dibula Caterpillar 3126, mphamvu yake ndi 257 kW (350 hp). Injini iyi ndiyo yaikulu ya njira zamakono zamagulu a asilikali a ku America. Izi zimapindulitsa kwambiri pakukonzekera ndi kukonza zipangizo zoterezi m'munda ndikumenyana.

Kutsegula kwa BTR Stryker

Galimoto yolimbana ndi zida zazing'ono siziwopsezedwa kwambiri ku moto wamoto wawung'ono kusiyana ndi oyang'anira ogwira ntchito ku M113 omwe anali atagwira ntchito. Thupi limapukutidwa kuchokera ku zida zankhondo mpaka kufika mamita 12. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachitsulo, chitetezo chimagwirizana ndi mlingo wachinayi wa STANAG 4569 muyang'anani kutsogolo, ndipo gawo lachiwiri ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwonjezera apo, zowonetsera zingathe kuikidwa pa "Strikers" pambali yonse ya mulandu.

Kusungirako kumateteza mikono ing'onoing'ono kuchokera ku zipolopolo mpaka 14.5 mm kuchokera kumbuyo ndi kumbali, kuyambira 30 mm zipolopolo kupita kumalo am'mbali mwa malo ozungulira pamtunda wa mamita oposa 500 (kuteteza chitetezo), komanso kuwonongeka kwa zipolopolo zogawanitsa 152 mm Zotsatira.

Kusintha

• M1126, ogwira ntchito zombo zonyamula asilikali (ICV) - ogwira ntchito zonyamula zida za banja la Stryker, pofuna kukwera mothandizidwa ndi mahatchi ndi moto.
• Kusinthidwa M1126 pofuna kuvomereza, chitetezo, kuyendayenda, mauthenga, kubweretsa zida, ndi zina.
• M1126 ndi kumbuyo pansi DVH-Scout (ICCV-S), yomwe imafunikila kuti ikhale yovomerezeka ndi asilikali, yomwe imakhala ndi zovuta zowonongeka.
• M1127 (RV) - galimoto yovomerezeka yotsutsana, yomwe yapangidwa kuti ikhale yovomerezeka, chitetezo ndi kuyang'anitsitsa pa nkhondo. Ndili ndi zipangizo zamakono zowonetsera zizindikiro kuchokera ku Raytheon.
• M1128 (MGS) ndizitsulo zokhazikika pamtunda (tangi yamoto) ndi ndondomeko 105 mm rifled.
• M1129 (MCV-B) - matope 120 mm mmadzimadzimadzi omwe ali ndi chikhazikitso chokhazikika.
• M1130 (CV) - mkulu wa BT.
• M1131 (FSV) ndi makina oyendetsa moto.
• M1132 (ESV) ndi galimoto yowonetsera zogwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imapangidwira ntchito yowunikira, kuyendetsa komanso kuthandizira anthu opangira ma sappers.
• M1133 (MEV) - mankhwala a BT.
• M1134 ATGM - ma anti-tank missile system. Makinawa ali ndi makonzedwe akunja oti atsegule mitsinje yowonongeka kuchokera pansi.
• M1135 (NBCRV) - cholinga chake ndi kuyambitsa ma radiation, chemical, bacteriological exploration of the area.

Kutsiliza

Pa nkhondo za Iraq ndi Afghanistan, Stryker BTR inathandiza. Asilikali amalemekeza ogwira ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito zida zankhondo kuti apulumutsidwe ndi anthu ogwira ntchito komanso ogwira ntchito panthawi yomwe akugunda mabomba, minda ya nthaka, pamene akuwombera m'manja ndi RPG. Zili zofunika kwambiri m'mizinda. Potsutsana ndi izi, zovuta zina zamakina za makina sizotsutsa.