Syria, mzinda: mbiriyakale ndi kufotokoza

Mu zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndi tsamba kutsogolo sasiya Syria Arab Republic. Mzinda - mmodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu dziko, monga zambiri likulu la atolankhani tcheru. Wotchuka pakati Kumenyana kufalitsa padziko lonse. Komabe, mzinda wakale umenewu uli ndi mbiri olemera ndi wopanda nkhondo Siriya boma. Ndiyeno panali nkhondo zikuluzikulu, intrigue, kukhala maufumu wakale.

Mzinda wa mzinda

Voterani amakedzana mzinda n'zotheka osachepera chifukwa chakuti za mzinda otchulidwa m'Baibulo. Kumasulira kwa dzina lakale Arabic amatanthauza "linga" kapena "ovuta". Midzi oyamba a Neolithic. Kwinakwake mu 1000 BCE pa malo a mzinda wamakono wa mzinda anapanga. oyambitsa ake - Aramaeans anali ndi mphamvu kwambiri ku Middle East. Likulu la chikhalidwe chawo ndi boma anali ku Damasiko ndi mzinda. Kenako ndiye anakhazikitsa ufumu la Kanani amene m'gawo asaaonerera ano Syria. Ham ndi likulu ndi kutukuka kwambiri. Dera ndi lachonde kwambiri dziko, limene ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa mayiko a East, kumene nthawi zambiri pali zipululu. Kupezeka kwa mtsinje kumathandizanso kuti chitukuko cha m'maderawo.

chitukuko

Mzindawu unali pa mphambano ya njira malonda kwambiri. Choncho, apa ife nthawi zonse anasonkhanidwa amalonda olemera. Iwo anamanga nyumba zapamwamba ndiponso akachisi. Ambiri a iwo anapulumuka mpaka m'ma 20. Mu nthawi ya Aleksandra Makedonskogo Hamu anakhala chinthu chidwi. Iye alanda mzindawo, ndiponso anawapatsa dzina la kupindika Greek. Nthawi imeneyi, m'chigawo anayamba kukula. Atagwa gawo Chimakedoniya anabwera pansi pa ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Byzantium. Komabe, iye analephera kulamulira dera kwa nthawi yaitali. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 7 Aluya analanda mzinda ndi kubwerera ku dzina kale.

Kuyambira kuwagonjetsa

M'zaka za m'ma 12 anayamba lotsatira Kampeni, amene cholinga anali ku Syria. Ham anali Akhristu njira. Ambuye asilikali analanda mzinda mu 1108 ndi zaka izo ankalamulira. Nthawiyi wasiya n'chimene mbiri wotsatira. Pambuyo zaka pansi Akhristu reconquered m'chigawo cha Sultan Saladin. Kuyambira pamenepo pali wayamba ndi kubzala yogwira Chikhalidwe.

Atalandidwa Saladin Ham zapita kangapo maufumu osiyanasiyana. Kwa nthawi yaitali m'chigawo cha Ottoman Ufumu ankalamulira. Pa World Choyamba panali ndewu katundu zinachititsa kuti mzinda anapita Levant lapansi. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri anapanga boma palokha la Syria. Ham analowa kapangidwe kake. Ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa mizinda yambiri anayamba.

Hamah, Syria: vuto la Islamism

Mbiri ndi zikhalidwe za nkhondo komvetsa chisoni zinathandiza kwambiri. Mu mzinda ife nthawizonse ndakhala amphamvu mipatuko zipembedzo. Mu 1982, Middle East mofulumira ikupita patsogolo kwakukulu kayendedwe "Muslim Abale", pamene panayambira anapanduka amakhala Ham. Syria panthawi ukupita kupyolera sagwirizana. Pa yimitsira cha kugalukira ndi kuponyera asilikali ndi militias. amazunza a mzinda zachititsa kuti akuvutika ambiri. Komanso mu nkhondoyo kuwomba odziwika pamalo - mawilo zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ulimi wothirira. Komabe, iye anapulumuka nyumba zazikulu Qasr Azem.

Kale mu 2011, m'chigawo kamodzinso kusesa lakuthwa zochitika zandale. Anayamba zionetsero odana ndi boma, umene posachedwapa zinachititsa kuti mliri wa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo chiyambi cha nkhondoyi ndi kuchuluka kwa Assad boma adani anali kwakukulu Islamists. The gulu la zigaŵenga LIH analanda midzi angapo ndipo imachita ntchito yogwira umenewu. Assad nkhondo kangapo anakwanitsa Adzabweretsa amanyansidwa bwino. Komabe, kuchiyambi kwa 2016 zigaŵenga ndi akugwiritsabe chitetezo wamakani.