Tatseka olowa - Stock Company ndi ... lotseguka n'kutseka

Tatseka olowa Stock Company - ndi malonda bungwe, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa dzina limodzi kapena angapo anayambitsa. Izo zikhoza kukhala nzika yachilendo kapena m'mayiko a dziko limene olimba amapereka, koma chiwerengero chawo sayenera anthu oposa 50. Pakuti pali ZAO wotsikitsitsa kuchuluka kwa likulu ovomerezeka chilamulo Russian, lomwe nthawi 100 malipiro osachepera. malipiro ake akhale mu ndalama kapena katundu. Pambuyo kalembera wa kampani amaperekedwa zosaposa miyezi itatu malipiro a zimene kuchuluka theka kapena kuposerapo. M'miyezi isanu ndi inayi zapatsidwa kwa malipiro a ndalama zina.

Features

Tatseka olowa Stock Company - njira yabwino m'lingaliro kuti udindo wa gulu amangonena za ndalama zimene amachita mwa anagulidwa. Ngati gulu lako tikusowa kutseka, iwo sukhala ndalama zoonjezera zakuthupi. Pankhaniyi, khalidwe bwino bizinesi adzalola ma sheya hoda kulandira mapindu ena ku sheya. Tatseka olowa Stock Company (CJSC) ndi osiyana ndi zambiri kulephera kugawira sheya awo. Ndipotu, iwo okha amene ali ndi bwalo yopapatiza ya anthu, deta za amene anabweretsa hayala la kumalo a ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo analetsa kupatuka a magawo popanda chilolezo cha anthu ena a kampaniyo kwa akunja anthu kapena mabungwe. Ntchito kampani si limodzi ndi kuphatikizidwa kuvomerezedwa mu ma sheya hoda lapansi. Onse amakhala ikhale wamphamvu chokopa ndalama kunja mu ntchito zikuluzikulu za gulu.

Koma ngati inu mungakhoze kusintha zikuchokera ma sheya hoda, mamembala a chatsekedwa olowa kampani katundu, anayambitsa izi sayenera awadziwitse dongosolo lililonse boma. Pa dongosolo la chilengedwe ndi kugwira ntchito kwa Company onse alembedwa mu Civil Code ndi malamulo ena feduro.

Background ndi ndizosowa kulenga

Ngakhale chuma cha USSR ndi mphatsoyo chiwerengero ena makampani olowa katundu, mbiri yamakono ya ogwira anayamba mu theka lachiwiri la nineties Mu zaka zapitazo, pambuyo Bungwe la nduna RSFSR linavomereza lamulo pa makampani olowa katundu ndi makampani zochepa udindo. Tsopano pali mapepala angapo kuti zonse zochita za mabungwe amenewa:

- RF Civil Code Chigawo choyamba, Article 96-106.

- Chilamulo Federal №208-FZ pachibwenzi 12.26.96 "Pa olowa Stock Companies".

- chigamulo Code.

- Chilamulo Federal "Pa mabanki ndi banki ntchito", komanso malamulo ena, omwe Kwalamulidwa ndondomeko ya ntchito za mabungwe mu msika chuma.

- Chilamulo Federal "Pa wamba a State Katundu" ndipo zolemba zake m'munsili.

Features ya ntchito

Stock kampani poyera ndi chatsekedwa - mitundu iwiri ya mtundu malamulo a bungwe, chimene ndi kufanana zina ndi zosiyana. Mu Russian malamulo ano palibe umboni ngati njira zosiyana izi za malonda, kapena angakhale mitundu iwiri yokha. Kumvetsetsa zimene kampani poyera ndi chatsekedwa, adzapitiriza mndandanda kusiyana onse awiri.

mbali chosiyana

Choncho, tidafika ku kuona kusiyana kwa mitundu iwiri ya gulu ndi maonekedwe bwino ntchito. Tatseka olowa Stock Company - gulu linalake magawo amafalitsidwa pakati oyambitsa kapena anthu ena anatsimikiza pasadakhale. ogwira ntchito zimenezi akapanda lamanja amamvera kwa mafuko. Iwo salola anthu ndi kugawira sheya pakati osiyanasiyana malonda ndi anthu.

magawo a JSC

khalidwe lina la chatsekedwa kampani olowa katundu ndi likulu kampani uyu lagawidwa m'magulu, amene anabalalitsidwa pakati owerengeka ma sheya hoda. Aliyense ali ndi ufulu contractual ndi ulemu kwa chuma cha gulu, komanso udindo mu maudindo awa. Kufalitsa magawo mwa ma sheya hoda akhoza mwachita m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma pa siteji ya kulenga izi zimachitika pakati pa oyambitsa lapansi. Aliyense ali ndi ufulu pa malonda wotsatira wa masheya ophunzira atsopano CJSC, kuphatikizapo mabungwe zina ngakhale ganyu.

The vuto m'mayiko ena

Kunja boma zikugwira zolimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa magawo kampani kwa oyang'anira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, makampani okhudza za boma la amene amachita njira imeneyi zakonzedwa zolimbikitsa msonkho kuchuluka kwa 5-25% ya ndalama zofunika. Choncho, ntchito mu kampani nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kupeza magawo a. Koma si onse a ndodo akufuna kukhala ma sheya hoda. Ambiri okhutira ndi udindo wa kuntchito, chifukwa simuli okonzeka kutenga kuopsa ndi kukhala co-eni masheya a kampani.

CJSC ndi LLC

Koyambirira la Russia linali lamulo "Pa mabizinezi ndi ntchito entrepreneurial", malinga ndi zimene kampani Kodi sanasiyane mu gulu malamulo mtundu wa kampani. Izi mitundu iwiri ya mabungwe ndi tsopano pali makhalidwe ofanana:

- Mapangidwe hayala likulu ndi kugawikana ake wotsatira m'zigawo chimodzimodzi. Aliyense wa m'gulu ali gawo lake, ndilo chinthu cholowa chake, zipangizo ndi ntchito.

- The udindo wa ma sheya hoda ndi chimodzimodzi mu njira zonsezi za umwini, ngozi za imfa, ophunzira okha nusu ya chuma.

- Kufalitsa katundu ndi ndalama chilli bizinesi chifukwa kuwonongedwa ndi zofanana kwathunthu. Katundu ndi phindu lililonse la mafuko a, motero, anagawira mabungwe malonda nawo likulu gawo, ngati zikalata woyamba anasonyeza ayi.

- pakanema olowa Stock Company, monga Company adzatenge kuti ophunzira ndi udindo womwewo anira wake. The mphamvu iliyonse shareholder zimadalira kukula kwa gawo lake ku likulu gawo, ngati zolembedwa constituent lilibe zina zomwe.

- The Company ndi LLC umembala wa chatsekedwa, zomwe zikuonetseratu mndandanda enieni gulu, pamaso pa yosaloledwa zikuchokera chofunika chilolezo cha ophunzira onse kukopa latsopano.

- Onse mitundu imeneyi ya mabungwe akutsatira njira yomweyo kuti adziwe kuti n'zotheka kukhazikitsa munthu mmodzi. Mu khamu olowa katundu sangathe a chipani chimodzi chokha, kukachitika kuti izi ndi gulu lina ntchito monga tate mmodzi yekha.

Kusintha malamulo

Mu zaka zapitazo, anali kugwira ntchito mfundo yakuti n'zosatheka kudziwa Company ndi kampani, kotero mu chitukuko cha Civil Code ndi malamulo pambuyo pake, zochitika zapadera akhala anawerengedwa, amene mitundu imeneyi ya gulu:

- Company akhonza kumupatsa sheya, koma mwina apereke magawo, kulola kudziwa gawo nawo anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo ku likulu ovomerezeka ndi malipiro wotsatira wa benefiti. Company amafunika kuti apereke sheya. Pankhaniyi, ndi lamulo kwa kuphedwa kwa m'kaundula ma sheya hoda, amene aliyense wa gulu adzapatsidwa kuti sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ku kampani.

- Anandigaŵira wa ophunzira mu LLC ku likulu gawo akhoza kugawidwa mu chiwerengero cha mbali, pamene gawo la ma sheya hoda wa indivisible. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale chipani zingagulitsidwe kapena perekani cholowa likulu gawo.

- Zokwezedwa Company si chizindikiro cha chuma, komanso chinthu cholowa. Iwo likukhalira kuti kuchiyang'anira ma sheya hoda a JSC ayenera kulandiridwa monga ophunzira m'kati inalowa kwa lamanja la cholowa. kampaniyo palibe mbali zoterozo.

- Mu chochitika cha mamembala LLC kungafune Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa magawo a chuma linali la iwo, ngati kwalembedwa hayala, koma ma sheya hoda a JSC silidzathyoledwa yakuti kuika patsogolo zofuna amenewa. Likukhalira, palibe kuthekera kwa ma sheya hoda kunena pa kubweranso kwa ndalama CJSC anapangidwa kwa iwo kapena kulipira mtengo wa magawo ake, iwo akhoza kufunsa anthu ena kupempha chilolezo kwa ntchito magawo kwa ma sheya hoda ena kapena wachitatu maphwando. Izi kungafune ziŵalo UAB.

- Tatseka olowa katundu kampani ayenera anakhalabe m'kaundula ma sheya hoda ', omwe ankafunika kupereka uthenga aliyense anawawerenga, komanso kukula ndi zikuchokera magawo, chimene iye ali.

- Kampani kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa msonkho mosiyana. Mu ndondomeko ya opereka magawo atsopano a Company kulipira msonkho, kuchuluka kwa zomwe ndi 0,8% wa mtengo mwadzina wa masheya chikalata.

- The mtengo wa kampani pa kutsegula kwa mtengo nthawi zonse pasanathe kampani.

Tatseka olowa katundu kampani: chilengedwe

Nthawi zina JSC aumbike chifukwa chakuti oyambitsa ndikufuna kulenga kampani olowa katundu, ngakhale chinthu maziko zingakhale ndi LLC. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti akuti "bungweli" zikumveka zambiri olimba ndi chidwi kuposa kampani zochepa udindo. Wamba ndazindikira bizinesi wolimba, olemekezeka ndi zapamwamba. Choncho, wazamalonda adzayesa kuti musaphonye mwayi ngati ananamizira ngati shareholder wa JSC ndi woyambitsa limodzi.

Njira tingachipeze powerenga

Tatseka olowa Stock Company - ndi bungwe la gulu likulu, amene zikuchokera ayenera kupangidwa chifukwa cha anasankha yekha aliyense wa ma sheya hoda lapansi. munthu aliyense amene anagula gawo osachepera amodzi JSC amadzasanduka co-mwini wake wa kampani olowa katundu ogwira ntchito, lomwe lili ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika:

- kwa ma sheya hoda sadzalowa imfa yoopsa udindo, zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka ngongole kwa wokongoza;

- Company ali osiyana kwambiri ndi katundu wa ma sheya hoda chuma, choncho, mu nkhani ya insolvency chiopsezo ma sheya hoda kampani kokha kukhala chifukwa depreciation la magawo wokwatibwa ndi iwo;

- ma sheya hoda a JSC ndi katundu ndi ufulu wa munthu.

Ngati ife kulankhula za ntchito kampaniyo, ndiye palibe wosiyana mabungwe ena. Akulembedwa, malipiro malipilo ndi mabonasi ndipo kuchotsedwa akutsatiridwa malinga ndi malamulo ntchito.