The KH 90 "Koala": specifications luso

Hypersonic chida KH 90 - latsopano Russian wapamwamba-chida poyankha chida pulogalamu Washington a chitetezo. Maonekedwe ndi specifications mivi zifukwa koonekeratu chinsinsi asilikali. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, miyala umenewu kumwedwa mu utumiki pofika chaka cha 2010.

The Pulezidenti Russian ananena kuti hypersonic chida KH 90 "Koala" akhoza kugonjetsa aliyense wa kudziwika ndi chida molondola kugunda chandamale monga kontinenti lake ndi m'maiko ena.

Nkhani ya roketi ndi

Global chida ntchito analengedwa mu Soviet Union kumbuyo mu zaka zao za sikisite lapansi. lingaliro munali mu kuchotsa zokwana kupitirira mlengalenga mu Earth kanjira kuti iye inasanduka Kanema opangidwa ndi pambuyo injini braking anatumizidwa ku anapereka kwa cholinga cha chiwonongeko.

Mu 1971, ndi ntchito okonzeka ochepa mivi njira sitima, okonza Soviet atembenukira ku boma kugwiritsa ntchito iyi. M'chaka, yankho anali satsata. Koma kuyambira pa chiyambi cha kukula kwa mizinga njira zimafika mu 1975 ndi United States kuyambira 1971. aiwala okonza anawalamula kuyamba polojekiti 1976 ndi kumalizira mu 1982. Pofika chaka cha 1983 kale zoti titenge "kumene anapanga" roketi mu utumiki. Amafuna kuti roketi anali apamwamba. Ndipo imodzi yofunika kwambiri ndi kukwaniritsa liwiro lake supersonic. Mu Mipingo liwiro anali kale anayi Makhov.

The MAKS-1997 mu NGO Pavilion "Rainbow" (bungwe ankafotokoza mivi) Alendo kale kuwona hypersonic ndege GLA, omwe anakhala zinachitika ya m'tsogolo latsopano sitima chida.

Amene akufuna kumvetsa chimene chimaoneka chida KH 90, chithunzi pamwambapa.

roketi Mbali

SFA anyamule warhead awiri angathe pa mtunda wa makilomita mpaka zana la akumenya mipherezero paokha. Poyamba, kutalika kwa roketi ndi wofanana mamita awiri. Kenako Komabe, kunali kotheka kuchepetsa kwa kutalika mamita asanu ndi inayi. Pambuyo kulekana ndege chonyamulira mu roketi anamasulira mapiko triangular ndi kutalika kwa osapitirira asanu meters, komanso mchira. Pambuyo kuti olimba-mtundu accelerator, kulola chida ukufika supersonic liwiro. Kenako akuyamba kuchita boosters, anayamba liwiro la anthu anayi kapena asanu Makhov. The utali wozungulira kanthu kochita zimenezi chida adza kwa makilomita zikwi zitatu mazana asanu.

Launch galimoto

Lachiwiri 160 ndi supersonic, njira zida ndi mapiko ndi variable zikulilima. Iwo anayamba kupanga mu Mipingo mu Tupolev ndi ndalama mu utumiki kuyambira 1987.

Poyamba, mikono adalikupita kuyika magalimoto zana, koma chifukwa cha khama la America analimbikira kuti zoponya mabomba kuti azipezeka mu mgwirizano wa Vietnam, ndinafunika kusiya pa magalimoto sate-firii.

Pambuyo USSR anakomoka yoponya mabomba anagawanika pakati pa mayiko.

Ndi 2013, panali khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa Mphamvu ya onyamula la Russia ndege amenewa. Iwo onse zochokera Volga mu Chichewa.

"White Mbalame ya Chinsansa"

Ndi yaikulu ndi yakula supersonic nkhondowo ndege mu dziko, umene uli waukulu kudzachitika wolemera misa mwa zoponya mabomba a. Oyendetsa pakati pawo mwachikondi anamutcha iye "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa" chifukwa cha mawonekedwe okoma ndi wochepa.

Koma alinso ndi mayina ena, "lupanga ndi masamba khumi", "choletsa", "zida mtundu wa", "Russian ukuuluka chozizwitsa." A NATO anamutcha pazifukwa zina, Blackjack.

Lachiwiri-160M ndi akweza Lachiwiri 160, amene anaika mu latsopano zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zida X-90 roketi. Iye akhoza kunyamula zida muyezo Mwachitsanzo, 90 OFAB-500U, koma akutumikira monga chotengera X 90 hypervelocity machenjerero roketi.

Aliyense makina ali dzina lakelake, mwachitsanzo: "Ilya Muromets", "Alexander Molodshy", "Mikhail Gromov," ndi ena.

Propellants ndi galimoto kukwaniritsa hypersonic

Hypersound - liwiro lomwe ndi apamwamba kuposa 5 mathamangidwe kuwala kapena asanu Mach. Kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti liwiro angafikire mivi ambiri ndi injini ochiritsira kwa iwo. Koma kuuluka pa liwiro mkulu kwa nthawi yaitali zimatheka ngati chida zilipo ndi scramjet a. Limatchedwanso skramdzhet.

Mbali yaikulu ndi ntchito injini izi kuti sayenera kunyamula nawo ndi oxidant. Mu injini ichi ntchito mumlengalenga oxygen. Mafuta makamaka GPRVD ndi wa hydrogen kapena a nyale.

Kukhala ngati injini idayamba makumi asanu Mu zaka zapitazo. Ndipo bukuli ndege ndi injini ngati anaonekera mu zaka zao za sikisite lapansi. Okonza kukhala malo dongosolo - reusable "mwauzimu", imene inali ndege hypersonic Iyamba ndi ndege yozungulira nkhondo, ndi Roketi chilimbikitso. Hypersonic zimasweka ndege amayenera imathandizira kuti Mach mafuta a hydrogen isanu ndi inayi ndi theka pa palafini. Koma pamapeto anaganiza akonzekeretse ndi zida za injini turbojet.

pryamotochniki Hypersonic chinayamba mu makumi asanu ndi awiri pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zawo mivi odana ndi ndege.

NASP ndi Lachiwiri-2000

Mu 1986, poyankha pulogalamu US Appolo, malinga NASP ntchito mu USSR, anaganiza kukhazikitsa ofanana zoweta NASP, reusable umodzi gawo conferencing kanema. Project yoponya mabomba Lachiwiri-2000 ndipo anavomereza ndi ananena kuyambira kulemera mu matani mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi, liwiro la Mach asanu, osiyanasiyana makilomita zikwi khumi pamalo okwera makilomita atatu.

ntchito chidachitika, koma chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Soviet Union, anayamba kuvala waulesi. Ophunzira a ntchito anatuluka pa mlingo padziko lonse ndipo anayamba kugwirizana ndi okonza French. Komabe, ntchito pamodzi, monga momwe zatsopano zinalephereka, izo zinalephereka.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, ntchito NASP komanso sanali amasiyana bwino kwambiri ndipo atazungulira nineties lapansi.

Komabe, kwenikweni, ngakhale Russia kapena United States sinditi kusiya kwathunthu hypersonic.

"Security-2004"

Mu 2004, ziphunzitso za "Security-2004" adamangidwa. Iwo anali nawo zoponya mabomba Lachiwiri 160 ndi zida otchedwa chida KH 90 "Koala".

Chaka chomwecho, a Pulezidenti wa Russia vv Putin ananena kuti Russian onyamula Mphamvu adzalandira posachedwa zimenezo machitidwe nkhondowo kuti adzakhala wokhoza mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane pa liwiro hypersonic ndi machenjerero kwambiri pamene galimoto motsogozedwa chandamale ntchito pa mtunda wa kontinenti kuposa wina.

Akatswiri amanena kuti Pulezidenti m'mawu ake ankanena kuti mzinga wa.

The roketi amatchedwa X-90

Russia waganiza kusonyeza mwayi wawo watsopano American. Chinali poyankha pulogalamu Washington wa chida KH 90 (omwe ndi "Koala").

Iwo umadutsa zoponya mabomba njira Lachiwiri-160M - kunyada ndi asilikali mphamvu ya Russia lero.

Pambuyo kulekana ndi Launch galimoto ya KH 90 pamalo okwera mamita zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri kwa zikwi makumi awiri a triangular akutsegula mapiko ake ndi mchira. Mofulumira kuti liwiro supersonic kumachitika kudzera m'gulu nthawi imeneyi olimba roketi chilimbikitso. Kenako pakubwera nthawi ya injini chachikulu, imene X-sitima chida 90 kufika pa liwiro la Mach asanu. Osiyanasiyana mivi - zitatu ndi theka makilomita zikwi.

Mayesero mivi KH 90

Utsogoleri wa dziko lathu amakhulupirira kuti palibe boma ndi mwini nkhondo hypersonic kupatula Russia. Mu US, kamodzi anasiya chitukuko, kuchepetsa mivi subsonic. Koma mu Russia ntchito ngati anapitiriza kuti pakhala zosiyanasiyana zosokoneza zosakhalitsa. Mu 2001, iwo "anafotokoza Topol" chida Launch. Akatswiri ananena kuti warhead ake ankasiyana khalidwe zachilendo. Pa Zochita chamadzulo mu 2004 izo unayambitsidwa awiri ballistic mivi "Topol-M" ndi RS-18. Ndiye ife ananena kuti dongosolo chida linatulutsidwa zida komanso amene anadza pambuyo Launch mu mlengalenga, ndiyeno mlengalenga. Zinkaoneka kuti n'zosatheka, chifukwa pamene reentry roketi liwiro anali mamita zikwi zisanu pa mphindi, kapena za khumi zikwi makilomita paola, ndi warhead anali kukhala ankatetezedwa ndi kutenthedwa ndi overloads. Limeneli liyenera anali liwiro la Komanso mosavuta kusintha malangizo a ndege ndipo sanali kugwa. Akatswiri amavomereza kuti anali X-90 - ifeyo sitima mzinga, maonekedwe amene akhala chinsinsi.

Wapadera chipangizo munali chakuti pa PC-18, panali chipangizo limene limasintha phula ndi malangizo a ndege. Choncho, aliyense chida chitetezo, kuphatikizapo US, iwo angathe kuthetsedwa.

Strategic chida Zikuchititsa

Russian Strategic roketi Zikuchititsa monga makamu zida zitatu ndi magulu chida sikisitini. Monga mbali ya zida zawo ndi mabomba seveni handiredi sate-faifi ballistic ndi zokwana 3159 nyukiliya, kuphatikizapo "Voivod" silo ofotokoza "kuchita" ndi zokwana 360, mafoni "Topol", "Topol-M" ndi ena.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, ngakhale gawo laling'ono adzakhala zida za sitima, asilikali chida Adzalakalaka zosafanana ndi mumangire chitetezo chilichonse chida. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi akatswiri Russian, pali mapulogalamu ena, monga "ozizira" ndi "Mphungu", kuwonjezera kukhala warhead hypersonic.

Kuukira nonsensical ndi oopsa

Chifukwa makhalidwe ake, KH 90 "Koala" ndi zina zamakono asilikali amene munapanga American chida chitetezo achabechabe. Choncho, United States anayamba adzaikidwe pafupi ndi malire a kachitidwe Russian Rada kwa kudziwika ndi kuwonongedwa kwa miyala iyi mwamsanga pamene panali chiyambi ndipo analibe nthawi nadzawasankhula warhead.

Koma mu nkhani iyi, Russia angapo a countermeasures, wodziwika ndi chinsinsi. Ngati chida KH 90 "Koala" adzalekanitsa warhead, kumakhaladi invulnerable kwathunthu.

Kusiya zotheka?

Mu Soviet Union, pamene zonse mpikisano kugwedezeka manja pakati pa mayiko awiri anayeserapo zasintha njira ina. Anasaina mapangano linalowa nawo m'Pangano, koma mtundu manja kunkangopitirira, ndipo nthawi ubale sefani pakati pa USSR ndi United States chisanu dziko lonse ndi kupempherera kumaliseche awo.

Mu Mipingo, kuti mphamvu Soviet Union anabwera MS Gorbachev, amene anasiya izi mwina tanthauzo manja mpikisano. Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kuti mtengo wa kuchotsa uyu anali kugwa kwa dziko, mutu umene iye anaima. Malinga ndi mapangano walemba ndi iwo ku Soviet Union lithe nambala yaikulu zida. The United States komanso ndi maudindo kuthetsa zida zawo koma chifukwa cha mapangano a USSR saatha mayiko amphamvu udindo wake, ndipo posakhalitsa unatha, ndi United States anakhala mayiko amphamvu yekha wa dziko popanda kutaya maluso asilikali.

zida Soviet chitukuko, kuphatikizapo mivi sitima, apangidwe ndi zaluso zinawonongedwa ndi kupanga zochepa kapena anasiya kotheratu.

Komabe, onse chipwirikiti, amene anakonza US ndi ogwirizana ake mu dziko, kale atamaliza Soviet Union, zikubweretsa amakhulupirira kuti ngati Kusiya mwagwirizana ayenera zam'tsogolo, tiyenera tikhale mwagwirizana ndi okwanira.

Koma mpaka anthu wafika pa malo awa a chitukuko, ndipo boma lili ndi zinthu zoopsa kunja, ayenera kukhala okonzeka nthawi zonse kubweza kuukira iliyonse.