RATAN 600: cholinga ndi mfundo ya ntchito

RATAN-600 - waukulu wailesi zakutali ku dziko ili Karachaevo-Cherkessia. Galasi chachikulu ali m'mimba mwake wa mamita 576, ndi geometrical mlongoti m'dera ndi 15000 ^m2. Telescope lakonzedwa kuphunzira za mumlengalenga monga dzuwa, nyenyezi, extragalactic zinthu, mpweya kawalidwe, ndi ntchito zina.

History: RATAN-600

Ganizo kumanga wailesi zakutali pamaziko a ntchito zapakhomo S. E. Haykina ndi N. L. Kaydanovskogo kofunika kuti 50s lapansi. Poyamba katswiri Pulkovo zakutali anakhazikitsa maziko zomwe dzuwa la tinyanga variable-mbiri kufufuza malo zatsimikiziridwa.

Zinali Chidani nkhondo, pamene US ndi USSR kupikisana yochepa. Atsogoleri anauzira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ilili choyamba, chofunika (anasangalala asayansi) kulimbitsa bwino ntchito yomanga yaikulu chinthu kufufuza malo. Iwo kukhala wapadera asanu mita azimuthal zakutali galasi BTA ndi RATAN-600. Asilikali komaliza anatengera 18.08.1965 chaka.

Pofika chilimwe cha 1974, nchito wakumpoto wa imaonetsa wakhala m'manja ndi irradiator №1. Woyamba wailesi gwero PKS 0521-36 anali ankafufuza 12.07.1974 chaka. Ndi chiyambi cha 1977, mbali zotsala za zovuta ndi kuyamba: lathyathyathya imaonetsa, kumwera, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo zamanja.

mafotokozedwe

RATAN-600 zakutali ndi opareshoni ndi Special Astrophysical Observatory ya Russian Academy of Sciences (Sao) - yekha mu Russian dziko kalasi Observatory. Chinthu zimaonetsa 576-mita zozungulira mlongoti (zozungulira imaonetsa) wopangidwa mwa zinthu 895. Kukula kwa aliyense amafotokozera kulandira - 2 m lonse ndi 11,4 mamita mkulu.

Sakugwirizana 15000 mamita ² mlongoti wotuluka malo okwana (akunja gawo) amatenga mamita 3500 chokha ^2. Mbali mkati ndi malo otseguka kumene radiators ndi anakonza, zosiyanasiyana zipangizo, kulandira ndi kusanthula cheza dziko.

RATAN-600 waikidwa, chomwe ndi chidwi chithunzi, kunja kwa mzinda kum'mwera kwa mudzi Zelenchukskaya (Karachaevo-Cherkessia). Ndi kuthetsa Observatory, kuphatikizapo nyumba choyezera, nyumba, kusukulu, yomwe ili pa magombe a mtsinje Great Zelenchuk pafupi Nizhne-Arkhyz kuthetsa 9-13 zaka.

makhalidwe luso

The chida ntchito RATAN-600 latsopano mfundo zakutali kapangidwe: altazimutalnaya phiri, ndi kabowo kaphatikizidwe ndi kulamulira pamwamba. Features mfundoyi:

• Pafupipafupi kuti: 610-30000 MHz.
• Timaganiza osiyanasiyana: 1-50 cm.
• Zowona: masekondi 1-10 waku Arc.
• The okhota pazipita Maganizo a 2 Arc. gawo.
• Kudziwika malire a kuwala kutentha: 0,050 MK.
• Kudziwika malire kamwazi kachulukidwe: 0,500 mYanskih.

Chifukwa cha gulu la ofufuza amene kulenga ndi zonse kuwongolera zipangizozi, zovuta akhala mfundo za polojekiti kwa chilengedwe ndi.

kulandira cockpit

Kuwonjezera pa wonyezimiritsira zozungulira, kusonkhanitsa ndi kutchera mudziwe (cheza) okonzeka ndi zisanu kulandira RATAN cabins. Iwo analembapo zipangizo.

Misasa pa nsanja sitima wakupatsani kuwachititsa maulendo 12 zozungulira. Sayenda amapereka zinthu kuphunzira pa azimuths osiyana ndi phula 30 °.

ntchito yasayansi

The CAO zipangizo pulogalamu lonse la maphunziro osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• phunziro womveka wa ntchito dzuwa mu wailesi.
• Astrometria ndi kuchepetsa okhota kusamvana (speckle interferometry) bayinare ndi angapo nyenyezi munthu ndi nyenyezi ndi atmospheres yaitali.
• Mkulu Maonekedwe kafukufuku wazamawalidwe atmospheres ndi mphepo zosiyanasiyana nyenyezi (makamaka zovuta wakhala katundu yaikulu ya muyeso wa mphamvu ya maginito ya nyenyezi).
• Radio ndi kafukufuku wazamawalidwe kuwala kwa nebulae mu nyenyezi wathu ndi ena.
• Photometry zosatha kusamvana malire a zinthu relativistic (pulsars, mabowo wakuda, ndi zina).
• Photometry ndi kafukufuku wazamawalidwe wa lochepa otsika microquasars kusamvana, magalasi yokoka, wolunga ndi achilendo nyenyezi, nyenyezi munthu mwa iwo.
• Kumanga okhudza malo ndi kinematic chithunzi cha gulu m'dera la nyenyezi.
• Photometry kafukufuku wazamawalidwe ndi mbali kuwala kwa Popanga madzi a gamma-nsonga pa mtunda Cosmological.
• Radiokartirovanie mayikirowevu maziko a chilengedwe chonse.

RATAN-600 (Zelenchuk) ali udindo wa zida lotseguka nawo. Pamodzi ndi zakuthambo zoweta mbali yofunika kwambiri nthawi kuona ndi allocated kuti anzake akunja, monga ulamuliro, kwa kukhazikitsa ntchito olowa.

wamakono

Kwa zaka CAO kuti wapanga gulu lapadera la zakuthambo, ntchito chida. Zaka zoposa khumi zapitazi, akatswiri retool zakutali cheza amalandira ndi mkulu ndi zonse kuwonjezeka tingachidziwe: tilinazo, kawalidwe, okhudza malo ndi kusamvana mwakanthawi.

Makamaka, kachiwiri okonzeka zipangizo galimoto irradiators sekondale RATAN-600 anayamba makina ulamuliro dongosolo pamalo irradiators. A Baibulo latsopano kawalidwe dzuwa kugawanika cha zovuta mkulu-tanthauzo (SPKVR-2) akuthamanga kuchokera 2008.

Pakuti malipoti kuzipenya wa Sun anayamba Intaneti gwero, amene amachita deta zenizeni nthawi ndi kusanthula. Iwo ali zothandizira kufufuza ndi kusanthula deta, kuphatikizapo poyerekezera ndi kafukufuku zida zina, kupeza makulidwe ndi magawo ena a magwero m'deralo.

Kugwira ntchito pa ntchito limodzi pakati yaikulu chakudya gawo kuti amalola kuti "kutula" wofunika kwambiri ndi kupanga kuzipenya mu thandizo la mode Mipikisano pafupipafupi ( "Octave" ntchito irradiators №1 ndi №3).
Ntchito pansi kufufuza ndi kuwunika kusokonezedwa kunja mu UHF gulu ndi kutsiriza wotsatira wa njira phwando kwa chitetezo ku radiometers mu atomu kuwasokoneza kuti zosiyanasiyana.

phunziro oyembekezera

CAO imayang'anira mapulogalamu kafukufuku cholinga kuunikira zinsinsi za chilengedwe. Pa ntchito yake yaikulu:

• Sun Research.
• Kapangidwe ndi kinematics ya mpweya interstellar m'madera nyenyezi kupanga.
• Ntchito extragalactic magwero wailesi.
• Fufuzani Jets relativistic mu nyenyezi udakali quasars.
• Investigation dongosolo ndi kinematics ya mpweya interstellar ku nyenyezi.
• Kuphunzira makulidwe a extragalactic proto-zinthu.
• Cosmological mbewu.
• Kuzipenya pa dongosolo masanjidwewo pakompyuta Mars 3.
• Mipikisano timaganiza kuonerera chinthu LSI + 61,303.
• Kuphunzira makulidwe ndi masiyanidwe a GPS-magwero.
• Munthawi yomweyo makulidwe a zinthu BL Lac.
• Kuunikira microquasars.

ubwino

Mwa ubwino wa akatswiri Russian zakutali kuonetsetsa:

• lalikulu munda nonaberrational;
• miyezo multifrequency (0,6-35 GHz);
• kuchuluka kusamvana;
• kuchuluka tilinazo kutentha kuwala.

M'zaka zikubwerazi zidzakhala bwino RATAN: Utumiki wa Education wa Russian Federation mu 2015 waganiza kuonetsetsa 100 miliyoni rubles kwa unsembe wa mayunitsi yam'manja. Ngati tsopano wailesi zakutali kuona zinthu ili mu mzere mwachindunji pamaso, ndiye pambuyo Mokweza adzakhala kuyenda limodzi chandamale kuphunzira. Izi ndi mwayi wapadera kukuza magwiridwe a zovuta za.

Ngakhale zovuta chabe luso kwa zaka, RATAN-600 apitiriza kukhala waukulu wailesi zakutali pa lalikulu. Mpikisano ndi atsopano Chinese zovuta ndi IZI pyatisotmetrovoy kabowo.