Thoracic ritsa: khalidwe

является основным ее сосудом. Thoracic ritsa lymphatic dongosolo ndi chotengera waukulu. Iwo akhoza kupangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane zimene thoracic ritsa.

thunthu

Mpanda wa chotengera ndi nembanemba atatu: za indofeliyamu, minofu fibrotic ndi akunja. Mu woyamba 7-9 pano lalikulu mavavu semilunar. Musculo-fibrous m'chimake ndi pakamwa pa sphincter lapansi. Adventitia (kunja) chimatsatira pleura, msempha ndi msana. Kuchokera pa chiyambi ritsa ndi akutali m'mimba, thoracic, dipatimenti khomo lachiberekero. inawo ukufanizidwa mu mawonekedwe a Arc, ndi woyamba awiri - mu mawonekedwe a yaitali beaded chotengera umabweretsa atsikira msempha. M'mimba kung'ambika gawo umadutsa ndi kudula mu zakulera mu chifuwa patsekeke. проходит по левой боковой плоскости нижних позвонков сзади от нисходящей аорты. Apa, ritsa thoracic akuthamanga kumanzere a ndege ya vertebrae m'munsi kumbuyo kwa kutsika msempha. Ndiponso, anapanduka kuyandikira kwa kholingo. M'dera la 2-3-TH thoracic ritsa adzatuluka kum'mero (m'mphepete ake kumanzere). Ndiyeno kuseri wamba ndi mitsempha subclavian limatuluka pamwamba pa kabowo lapansi. Kenako, sitima anapita pamwamba ndi kumbuyo kumanzere kwa pleura lapansi. в венозный угол либо ветви, формирующие его, - плечеголовную, подключичную, внутреннюю яремную. Apa, kupanga Arc, thoracic ritsa imaphwera mu ngodya venous kapena nthambi analipanga, - brachiocephalic, subclavian, mkati jugular. Pamalo awa m'chiwiya anapanga semilunar valavu ndi sphincter. в длину достигает 1-1,5 см, в редких случаях 3-4 см. Thoracic ritsa kutalika ukufika masentimita 1-1.5, mu nthawi zina, 3-4 cm.

mapangidwe

образуется: Thoracic ritsa aumbike:

1. Pophatikizana matumbo, lumbar kapena onse, ndi mikondo ena mbali zonse.
2. Mapangidwe nthambi chylocyst. Mu nkhani iyi, ritsa thoracic amaoneka ngati ampullar yolalikira conical.
3. Kuphatikiza okha lumbar makungwa matumbo.

может образовываться и как сетевидное начало в форме петлистого крупного сплетения из чревных, поясничных, брыжеечных ветвей и выносящих сосудов. Thoracic ritsa Angagwiritsidwenso kupangidwa ngati reticular woboola pakati pamwamba petlistogo zochitika celiac plexus, lumbar, nthambi mesenteric ndi ziwiya efferent.

Limatchula za dongosolo la

Nthawi zambiri, kapangidwe, zimachititsa chilumbachi masiyanidwe kuwawonetsera. Makamaka, iwo anati:

1. Anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri thoracic kapena mapangidwe zina (chimodzi kapena zingapo) ducts.
2. zosiyanasiyana kwa mogwirizana ndi pleura ndi msempha, chakuya mitsempha khomo lachiberekero, ndi kum'mero.
3. Confluence mu venous (jugular) njingayo, brachiocephalic, subclavian mtsempha kapena zambiri mbiya.
4. Education ampule gawo asanalowe mu ziwiya.
5. Inflows amagwa mu ngodya jugular mtsempha kapena kupanga nokha.

Thoracic ritsa: bwino lymphatic ritsa

mchitidwe uwu akhoza kukhazikitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

1. Confluence a subclavian ndi, jugular, makungwa broncho-mediastinal. . Izi ndipamene sakhalitsa lonse thoracic ritsa. Zimenezi zimawonedwa mu 18-20% ya milandu.
2. Bwino njira mwina kwina. M'chimake kuti maonekedwe ake mwachindunji kutsegula mu jugular kapena mbali ya ziwiya zake zikuluzikulu. Zimenezi zimawonedwa mu 80-82% ya milandu.
3. Pali kulekana wamfupi kwambiri, lonse la njira yoyenera asanalowe ngodya pa 2-3 ndi zambiri mapesi. kutsegula akutchedwa mawonekedwe reticular.

makungwa

Iwo zitatu:

1. Jugular thunthu. Iwo aumbike mwa kutulutsa ziwiya khomo lachiberekero. Iwo anabwera kuchokera ku mfundo zakuya ndi lateral. thunthu Izi umabweretsa mkati jugular mtsempha ngodya. M'chigawo chino wasefukira kuloŵa kapena magazi zotengera, analipanga, kapena mbali mu mapangidwe njira yoyenera.
2. Subclavian thunthu. chikuoneka chifukwa kuphatikiza ziwiya efferent wa mfundo axillary. Mbiya umachitika pafupi m'mitsempha subclavian, ndipo ali ndi valavu sphincter. Limadzitsegula kapena ziwiya venous oyenerera, izo kupanga kapena njira yoyenera.
3. Bronhomediastinalny thunthu. Iwo aumbike kwa ziwiya bronchopulmonary efferent, tracheal, mediastinal mfundo. Mu inabala iyi pali mavavu. Limadzitsegula mu njira yoyenera, kapena jugular venous ngodya, kapena mu zotengera, analipanga. Dama brachiocephalic, subclavian, jugular mtsempha.

Kumanzere ziwiya efferent kutsegula mu ritsa thoracic. Kuchokera tracheobronchial chapamwamba ndi mfundo mediastinal iwo akhoza adzakhetsedwa mu ngodya venous. The makungwa lymphatic, monga ritsa, pali nembanemba atatu: adventitia, akulu ndi za indofeliyamu-zotanuka.

Mitsempha ya m'mapapo ndi mfundo

The capillaries anapanga Intaneti awiri. Mmodzi - pamwamba - lili pleura choipidwa. The chachiwiri - kwambiri - aumbike za m'mapapo mwanga lobules alveoli ndi kuzungulira ziwiya ndi nthambi za mtengo bronchial. zopezera pamwamba ukufanizidwa ndi osakaniza capillaries ndi lopapatiza lonse. Iye ndi wosanjikiza umodzi. plexus Capillary kuwonetsa mawonekedwe ndi kugawana pamalo onse pleura choipidwa. Zozama ndi atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena maukonde. Monga mbali yaikulu zace protrude lobular plexus. Iwo kutumiza lymph 2 mayendedwe. Iye akulowa plexus ziwiya m'mapapo mwanga ndi bronchial timachubu, ndi mu maukonde pleural. nthambi phindu anapanga pa gawo msinkhu, pochitika mu zipata ndi chilungamo. Iwo anabwera kuchokera mu mapapo, pamodzi ndi mitsempha ndi choipidwa yotseguka mayunitsi zotsatirazi:

1. Bronchopulmonary. Iwo anawagawa intraorganic ndi vneorgannye. Woyamba ili mu chilungamo ndi segmental bronchi, wachiwiri - pa mizu ya phapo.
2. Tracheobronchial pamwamba ndi pansi. Pogona pamwamba ndi pansi pa tracheal bifurcation.

ziwiya Efferent ikuyenda mu zapambuyo mediastinum ndi tracheobronchial mfundo. Awa, iwo anatsegula mu thunthu bronhomediastinalny. Nthawi zina, ziwiya amagwa mu ritsa thoracic ndi jugular venous njingayo.