Tiyeni tipite ku Italy! Pisa zokopa

Pa mtunda wa makilomita 12 kuchokera ku nyanja, pafupi ndi unakhota wa mtsinje Arno, Pisa ndi tauni yaing'ono limene limabweretsa waukulu zokopa za Italy. Mu Middle Ages mzindawo unali likulu la mmodzi wa mayiko apanyanja, ndipo ankalimbikitsa nyanja ku Italy ku Saracens ndi Aluya. Komanso, Pisa, teaming ndi mayiko ena apanyanja, anapambana pa Aluya ambiri a kuzilumba za nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mumzindawo izi chinaperekedwa ku Sicily, Sardinia ndi Calabria. Ndipo tsopano ndi kowonera zakale zamtengo tanthauzo European, ndi alendo ambiri kukaona mzinda wa Pisa. Map kuona - izi ndi yankho awo ku dziko ya zomangamanga akale.

Pisa kutchuka lonse kuthi m'munda wa luso, chikhalidwe ndi kafukufuku maphunziro. Ndipo osati otsiriza udindo ankaimba ndi mbadwa ya mzinda, wotchuka wa ku Italy zakuthambo ndi sayansi Galileo Galilei makaniko. Mwa njira, pafupi ndi mudziwo ndi ndege lonse limene limadziwika ndi dzina lake. Koma zokopa waukulu Pisa, amene ali katswiri wa luso ndi mamangidwe ndi pa "Field ya Maloto." Choncho ndi dera ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Pisa akale, pafupi akale mpanda. Pano pa lalikulu dambo wobiriwira ndi belu nsanja, imene aliyense amadziwa ngati "nsanja tsankhu", pa tchalitchi, mobatizira ndi manda unakhazikitsidwa m'ma 11.

Tinamanga tchalitchi ku Pisa mu 1064. Iye anakhala chitsanzo kwa makonsolo ofanana anayamba kumanga mizinda ina chapakati Italy. Komanso, sitayilo imene anapangidwa anam'patsa dzina lakuti "Pisa Romanesque". Ndipo yomanga imeneyi anathandiza chakuti mu Pisa anabadwa ziboliboli kudziwika sukulu, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Dzhovanni Pizano ndi Niccolo. zowoneka zambiri Pisa tsopano mu tchalitchi ichi. Mwachitsanzo, San Ranieri zipata, kale anali ngati pakhomo waukulu mu izo. Iye anamanga Mbuye wake wa Pisa Bonanno Pisano. Maziko a zipata izi 24 zamkuwa gulu limene utoto lachidule kuchokera mu Chipangano Chatsopano.

Kumbuyo tchalitchi ndi "tsankhu nsanja", popanda imene zowoneka za Pisa sizikanakhala wotchuka. Ndipotu kuweramira wake wabweretsa lonse kutchuka kwa belfry izi. Poyamba, zinakonzedwa kumanga 70 mita-mkulu, koma chifukwa cha mvula nthaka omanga anaima pa 55. kumumanganso Bonanno Pisano inayamba mu 1173 ndipo anamaliza kumanga Tommaso Pisano m'zaka 14 mochedwa. "Atatsamira Tower" tichipeza tiers sikisi loggias ndi mizati. Iwo anazungulira nyumba ya mawonekedwe cylindrical ndi zochokera m'munsi nsangalabwi, mu mawonekedwe a arches akhungu, wopangidwa kalembedwe koyera Pisa. Ndi kuweramira nsanja ntchito ndi Galileo Galilei, unachitikira kuno zatsopano awo kuphunzira yokoka dziko lapansi.

Ngakhale alendo analimbikitsa kufufuza manda a mzinda wa Pisa, amene zowoneka ndi Gothic tione. Kumanga anayamba Dzhovanni Di Simone kumbuyo mu 1278. Malinga ndi lingaliro wake anali ankaganiza kuti izo ntchito ngati manda a anthu otchuka ndi otchuka. kumanda Izi wotchingidwa nsangalabwi khoma ndi Chipilala akhungu. Koma mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi makonde awiri. Masiye ndi mwa malo amakona anayi, ndipo pa mbali mkati pali Kukhonde ndi arches. Pa makoma za Kukhonde zochitika ku Chipangano Chakale amene wolemba ndi Betsonno Gozzoli. Palinso ntchito Spinello Arettino ndi Tadeo Gaddi.

Kenako kukopa kwa Pisa - mobatizira. Nyumba iyi zozungulira ndi awiri a mamita 35,5, wopangidwa kalembedwe Romanesque ndi makonde chokongoletsedwa ndi arcades. Korona piramidi woboola pakati wake chidwi mzikiti. Kumanga mobatizira inayamba mu 1153. Ndi apa kuti mpando amasungidwa Nicola Pisano, mafano ndi Iye, ndi zazikulu octagonal wosasintha, amene kuzikongoletsa ndi nsangalabwi akuda. Mfundo zokopa izi Pisa akhoza anapita mu tsiku, koma kudziwa ndithudi moyo wonse.