Transitive mneni - izo ... transitive ndi intransitive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Transitivity / intransitive ndi gulu, pa maziko amene n'zotheka kuonetsetsa ubale pakati pa nkhani ndipo sakugwirizana zochita. Tanthauzo la gulu ili ndi phunziro amachita kanthu ndipo zotsatira zake zikhoza "kutsimikizira" (kupita) kapena "kukhala" (asapite) pankhaniyi. Choncho, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau chinenero cha Chirasha anawagawa transitive ndi intransitive.

Transitive ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive. tanthauzo lexical

Kudziwa kusintha, m'pofunika kuzindikira mbali yofunika kwambiri kuti amakonda mneni complements ndipo ali olemba yeniyeni mlanduwo.

Transitive mneni - mneni amene ali ndi ubwino kanthu, umene pa chinthu ndi modifies kapena umabala izo (onani ntchito, kukumba dzenje).

Intransitive mneni - limasonyeza gulu kapena malo mu mlengalenga, kapena maganizo kapena thupi.

Komanso zimatulutsa otchedwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau labile. Iwo akhoza kumachita ngati Transitional ndi intransitive (ulamuliro mkonzi pamanja - dziko lolamulidwa ndi munthuyo).

kusiyana syntactic

Syntactic kusiyana chosakhalitsa ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive kugwirizana ndi tanthauzo lexical. Transitive ndi intransitive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau zambiri ophatikizana:

• The choyamba - ndi manauni ndi mapuronauni kutanthauza chinthu kanthu, opanda chowiringula pa nkhani accusative (kuwerenga magazini, kuchitira mtsikana).
• Chachiwiri - ndi kuwonjezapo amene anasonyeza mwa manauni ndi mapuronauni, prepositions kapena popanda iwo mwapadera mu milandu oblique (kusewera kunja, kuyenda kuzungulira bwalo). Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive accusative, koma wopanda chifukwa chochitira ndi kumapitiriza mtengo wa nthawi kapena malo: alendo ndi usana ndi usiku.

Komanso zochita za chinthu ku mneni transitive tingasonyezere nkhani genitive, koma pokha pokha zotsatirazi:

• mu chikhazikitso cha chinthu: kugula madzi akumwa tiyi;
• ngati pali kukana mneni: Ndilibe Chabwino, ine simunawerenge bukhu.

Transitive ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive (Table) ndi kusiyana chachikulu.

mbali morphological

Monga ulamuliro, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa alibe yeniyeni mbali morphological. Komabe, mitundu ina ya mawu mapangidwe ndi zizindikiro za transitive kapena intransitive mneni. Choncho transitive mneni - ndi:

• kasewenzetsedwe ka mau onse ndi mwamatapo Xia (kupanga);
• kasewenzetsedwe ka mau denominative imene suffix kapena -e- allocated palibe - (- icha-): kukatenga ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa zamkati ndi adyera.

Ndi kusintha akhoza zimachitika kasewenzetsedwe ka mau anapanga kuchokera adjectives ndi suffix -and-: greening, wakuda.

Pali zina kumene, prefixed bespristavochnym kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive kupanga kasewenzetsedwe ka mau transitive. Zitsanzo kuwononga ndi n'chongoletsa.

Ngati pempholo si enaake, ali ngati transitive mneni intransitive: wophunzira akulemba (kutchula chuma chibadidwe kuti munthu uyu) ndi chabwino.

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Intransitive ndi gulu lapadera la kasewenzetsedwe ka mau reflexive ndi chikhumbo atakwanitsa - ndi suffix -sya (kusamba, kumbuyo).

Reflexive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Features

kasewenzetsedwe ka mau Reflexive ali anaphunzira ku maphunziro a kusukulu, komanso kasewenzetsedwe ka mau transitive (kalasi 6).

Breakout amatanthauza kuti mneni kanthu, anatembenuka apo. Iwo aumbike mwa particles (postfix) -sya (-s).

Tingasiyanitsire nkhani yaikulu ya kasewenzetsedwe ka mau awa:

• Choyamba, iwo akhoza kutengera onse kasewenzetsedwe ka mau transitive (ankavala - kuti azivala) ndi ku intransitive (kugogoda - kugogoda). Komabe, kubwerera (transitive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau pambuyo kuwonjezera postfix -s (Xia)) Mulimonsemo, ndi intransitive (kavalidwe - kubvala).
• Kachiwiri postfix anawonjezera kuti: Xia - pambuyo zilembo (kusamba, kusamba, wosambitsa), -s - pambuyo mavawelo (zovala, diresi). Dziwani kuti Sakramenti la nthawi zonse zolembedwa ndi postfix-Xia (kuvala, ndimakina).
• Chachitatu, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau reflexive anapanga njira zitatu suffixal Postaffixal - kuwonjezera suffix kuti tsinde komanso postfix (+ ve res (kukhala), kukhala), prefixed-Postaffixal (pa + pit_sya) Postaffixal (wosambitsa + kukhala).

Opangidwa kuchokera ku maphunziro Xia ndi participles chabe

Popeza akuluakulu morphological katundu transitive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau - mapangidwe opangidwa kuchokera ku Xia ndi participles chabe, amene ali uncharacteristic kwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive dziŵani ndi ndondomeko imeneyi.

Nthawi zambiri, transitive mneni - ndi amene ndipamene participle chabe kapena derevativy mathero Xia, amene amakhala ndi kubwerera (mofulumira), mtengo chabe (anakhazikitsa), dekauzativnoe (kupuma).

The kuchotserapo ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kuwonjezera (kulemera), mtengo, ndipo ambiri kulemera pa semelfaktivov Chabwino (kovyrnut). Kuwonjezera kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amenewa si kupanga kubwerera chabe ndi ena ofanana.

Komabe pali kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive angathe kupanga zomangamanga chabe. Mwachitsanzo, mneni kuyembekezera. Iwo anapanga kuchokera intransitive kapangidwe chabe ndi Kuwonjezera genitive kuti: I kuyembekezera kubwera kwa Basil - kufika ankayembekezera Basil.

Malumikizanidwe transitive mneni

Ngakhale kuti kusintha si limodzi ofunda mawu, koma pali chizolowezi kuti kumumanga transitionality gulu ndi katundu mwamwambo chabe mneni, monga prefixes wapakamwa:

• Ambiri mwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau sanali returnable kukhala manambala oyambirira osiyana, ndi kusintha (blur, kukankha popanda). The kuchotserapo ndi: mneni suffix kutanthauza gulu -va- / -iva- / -a- (kugwedezeka, galimoto); kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, amene amasonyeza chinthu katundu mowiriza kusintha, makamaka amene ali -nu- suffix anapangidwa kuchokera kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive (kuti isungunuke, kusungunula, pathupi); kasewenzetsedwe ka mau munali mavawelo -e- choncho zimasonyeza kusintha katundu (kukhala corpulent, wachuma); kuphatikizapo - lipenga iye anasintha maganizo ake.
• Pafupifupi onse kumizidwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau okhala ndi manambala oyambirira chifukwa, ndi kufupika (kupatulapo: izmoknut, youma, ngati inu chonde, ndi ena).

katundu zamalankhulidwe transitive kasewenzetsedwe ka mau

Chirasha ali kalasi lalikulu la zinthu mwachindunji. Kupatula anthu kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi vutoli, mneni akhoza kukhala chinthu mwachindunji, kusewera Sewero lirilonse zamalankhulidwe (Mwachitsanzo, onani, ndi kulenga - ndi awa mneni transitive ndi chinthu, kanthu zimachitika, si anawononga sasintha).

Iwo likukhalira kuti chitsutso Transitional sayenera sankalimbana nafe chikugwirizana ndi ganizo la kalasi mneni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mneni transitive sindiye kutanthauza agentivity-patsientivnuyu zinthu. Koma n'zotheka tione akavalidwe.

Choncho transitive mneni - ndi:

• wolephera kapena chiwonongeko cha mneni chinthu (kupha, kuswa);
• mneni chinthu amasintha mawonekedwe (phala, compress);
• Mneni wa zowongolera mtima (likulakwitsa, kumvutitsa, kukhumudwitsa).

Zamalankhulidwe katundu wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive

Polongosola katundu zamalankhulidwe wa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau transitive, mukhoza chimatanthauza katundu wa onse, amene ali intransitive:

• Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau sanakwatire, popanda pokha-mvu, amene amakhala kusintha boma patsiensa (mwachindunji chinthu, kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi zinthu), amene sanali chifukwa cha Mtumiki wa. Kapena mwina choncho pamene Agens chimagwira zazing'ono udindo: kufa, kuvunda, dontho, chonyowa.
• Onjezerani ndi zina. Ie kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kuthandiza (kupatula kukhalabe): kulimbikitsa, kuthandiza, anavomereza, vspomoschestvovat.
• Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ntchito ndi chinthu yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda gawo agentive mneni membala (kusuntha, kusuntha, pachimake).
• Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau a kuzindikira zinthu fictitious (tizidalira, kuyembekezera (kuti), kukhulupirira, kudalira).

Mitundu Uncanonical wa kuwonjezapo mwachindunji

Nthawi ananena kuti chinthu chachikulu kasewenzetsedwe ka mau transitive - luso kucheza ndi chinthu mwachindunji accusative. Koma palinso makalasi a kasewenzetsedwe ka mau amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati ndi manauni ndi mapuronauni zinachitikira accusative, ndipo ndi mawu kapena zolowa wa mbali zina za mawu semantically zofanana ndi mu amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana. Zimakhala:

• prepositional mawu (I zochepa chabe iye ali kuseri khutu);
• genitive gulu (agogo sindinawerenge nyuzipepala);
• adverbial gulu (kumwa kwambiri, choncho ndinaganiza);
• sentential actant (infinitive zolowa - Ndimakonda kupita kubwalo la masewera; mzera ntchito molumikizana ndi mgwirizano -kuti kapena Kodi - Ndinadziwa kuti akupita ku nyanja; mzera molumikizana ndi Union pamene - Ine sindimakonda pamene mvula).

Ena nyumba kutchulidwa silingakhoze kokha m'malo chinthu mwachindunji ntchito mawu transitive, komanso ntchito kufotokoza ntchito zofanana ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau intransitive. akuti:

• infinitive liwiro (anaopa ku nkhalango usiku);
• Akumakambirananso mogwirizana ndi mabungwe ndi -kuti Kodi (iye adakwiya kuti sanabwere, ndipo anapemphera kuti iye anadza);
• Akumakambirananso molumikizana ndi Union pamene (ine sindimakonda pamene zitseko anali chatsekedwa);
• genitive (iye amapewanso enewa)
• kapangidwe ndi zambiri (Alina amagona kwambiri).

Analogs wa kuwonjezapo pamwamba accusative ndi Adzalandira amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana katundu wa chisanafike luso kuwonjezapo mwachindunji.

kuti adzimvera

Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi imodzi mwa zovuta, tinatha kuona zimene ndi transitive mneni. Ndipo aphunziranso kuwasiyanitsa amene sanali kusintha, ndi kuonetsetsa mwa vozratnye lomaliza. Ndi kutsimikizira izo, ife kupereka chitsanzo mawu ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau transitive, intransitive ndi kubwerera:

• Transitional: kujambula makoma, kuchitira mtima, kuwerenga buku, kupanga suti, kuwonjezera wamanja, kugula tiyi, madzi, alibe ufulu kupeta mwana;
• intransitive: kuyenda m'makwalala, khulupirirani wabwino, kukayenda pabwalopo, kuchepetsedwa ndi zamkati ndi kutopa;
• kubwerera: kuti zimene wachita, kusagwirizana, kusuntha kuyandikana wina ndi mzake, kumvera bwana, kuganiza za kukhala, amakhulupirira kuti m'bale wake, kukhudza nkhani.