Institution kapena bungwe - mmene kulemba?

Modern Russian dictionary lili mawu mokwanira ambiri yodziwika, polemba zolakwika zimene zili zotheka. Mwachitsanzo, monga kwalembedwa kukhazikitsidwa kapena bungwe? anachita kuti mau amenewa? Ndipo zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi? Kukhazikitsidwa kapena bungwe? Kuti bwino funso limeneli, tiyenera kubwerera ku chiyambi cha mawu.

Origin mawu

Kukhazikitsidwa - mawu chiyambi Russian. Ndi wapakamwa nauni lachokera ku "akonzedwa" (amene nawonso, kukhala lopangidwa ndi manambala oyambirira y- ndi Chisilavo Chakale zino, ima pamzere). Kotero izo zinali, panali wothawa kalata E!

M'kupita kwa nthawi, panali mawu akuti "bungwe" - monga bungwe chikhalidwe kuti ali mphamvu.

mabungwe chiyani

Boma boma bungwe - bungwe kuti amatenga zambiri mu chidwi anthu. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za boma akhoza kuonedwa ngati Tax Office.

bungwe Municipal anali dipatimentiyi anali woyang'anira boma. Zitsanzo za mabungwe boma angatchedwe sukulu.

Mau ofanana

Masiku ano Chirasha n'chimodzimodzi ndi mawu akuti "bungwe", kapena "bungwe", ndi bungwe, bungwe, malo onse, Office. Kuti iwo akhoza m'malo ndi kuipidwa "bungwe" m'kalata.

kalembedwe

"Institution" kapena "mabungwe" ayenera achiyankhulo cha Russian? Ndipotu mau amenewa si zoona. Zingatanthauze kuti chinenero chathu salola ambiri zilembo m'chiyambi cha mawu - kotero nthawi zambiri inuyo mukamva mawu akuti "bungwe" kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku.

Koma malamulo a chinenero cha Chirasha kuti pali N'zosakayikitsa - "bungwe" kapena "mabungwe". Molondola ankaona Baibulo lokhalo la "kukhazikitsidwa" - popanda zoonjezera "E". Mawu Yotsimikiza si choncho kukumbukira kalembedwe lapansi. Mu njira imeneyi ife tikupeza mawu awa mapepala lero ndi zikalata zofunikira, ndi momwe kwalembedwa magwero mbiri.

Zikamera mabungwe

Zikamera mabungwe mukhoza kutengedwa ngati chitsanzo mabungwe chikhalidwe. Malo oyamba a makalasi olemera zinalengedwa 1770. M'ntchito kwa anthu chapamwamba kalasi akhala anakopera kuchokera ofanana mabungwe British. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa kosamalira choyamba mu Russia, analengedwa kuti zosangalatsa, anakhala kalabu English. Iye anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olemba ndakatulo ndi nthawi: NM Karamzin, VA Zhukovsky, IA Krylov anali regulars pa club English. Mu zakhala zikuchitika, wotchuka kwambiri membala wa English Club tiyenera kuziganizira A. S. Pushkina. Facilities kwa anthu zigawo mfulu kufalitsa mwamsanga ku mizinda ina kuchigawo Russian. Kenako, izi zinalengedwa oimira zigawo zina - wamalonda kapitawo. Mu zaka za m'ma 19 panali mwambo woyamba kuti zikugwirizana anthu osati mwa zigawo ndi zokonda - Chess Club.

Facilities kwa anthu

Pa funde la Narodnichestvo anali malo anafuna kuti anthu wamba ndi kulemera. nyumba otchedwa anthu akhala lakonzedwa kuti anthu ambiri. Nyumba Anthu wamba mu mzinda Russian zigawo - ndipo laibulale ndi kuwerenga chipinda, ndi chipinda nkhani ndi Sande Sukulu. Izi "bungwe" kapena "mabungwe" kawirikawiri malo a zisudzo, malonda buku, ndi zina chikhalidwe. Analenga nyumba zimenezi likuvutika zemstvos ndi, akufuna kwabwino payekha, mabungwe, makampani wodzilamulira. Kumayambiriro kwa XIX-XX zaka anthu kunyumba ayamba mbali yofunika kwambiri mu maphunziro - mwachitsanzo, House of Kharkiv anthu kulemba.

Pambuyo ulimi October, nyumba za anthu ndi zibonga ogwira ntchito ndi njira zatsopano kwa kufalitsa wa maphunziro onse. Pambuyo Civil nkhondo, khama la boma latsopanolo anali umalimbana kufala kwa anthu m'nyumba onse pa dziko. malo waukali ndiponso kutali anapanga mukubwadamuka sitima ndi sitima.

malaibulale onse

Osati zochepa chotchuka pakati pa anthu ntchito laibulale ya onse. Woyamba kudziwika Asilavo laibulale inamangidwa zambiri Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya. Mu zaka XV-XVII laibulale uka m'malo zazikulu ndi yachifumu. Pambuyo Kutulukira malaibulale yosindikiza akhala fixture a nyumba ya olemekezeka ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Mu 1714 ndi lamulo la Peter 1 laibulale yoyamba Mabuku ndi achipembedzo unakhazikitsidwa.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX malaibulale oyang'anira tauni ali anatuluka mu tandem ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa sukulu zapamwamba komanso sekondale. Pambuyo 1917, chitukuko cha malaibulale oyang'anira tauni zimasamalidwa mwapadera.

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo adawononga oposa 40 zikwi. Folk zibonga ndi malaibulale, koma pakutha pa Nkhondo ndi sukulu maukonde mwamsanga wobwezeretsedwa ndi kukodzedwa.

Ndipo oyang'anira tauni ndi anthu mabungwe Mwachangu anapeza ogula awo. Choncho panali awa "mabungwe" kulankhula colloquial, zomwe zimakhala zovuta ndi zina zolembedwa molakwa akulengeza.

Ife timaganiza kuti kuyambira tsopano palibe munthu akalingalira kukayikira kalembedwe olondola a mawu. Kukayika mtundu "bungwe" kapena "mabungwe" alibenso nkhawa aliyense - kufufuza otanthauzira kalembedwe ndi kukhalapo mu pepala ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi.