Mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta. Chirasha

Mwa maganizodwe - imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika chinenero cha Chirasha, izo zikugwira kuphunzira malembedwe. Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti anthu tilankhule wina ndi mnzake ndi mayunitsi. ziganizo nawatsimikizira wathunthu - maziko a mawu m'kamwa, olembedwa. Zosiyanasiyana wagawo izi syntactic kwambiri mphamvu yapadera ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo kupereka nkhani kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe mwatsatanetsatane. Ntchito kuti ndi makampani, wopangidwa mwa magawo angapo - si zachilendo ku mayeso m'kamwa ndi olembedwa. Chinthu chachikulu pa nkhani imeneyi - kudziwa mitundu ya ziganizo komanso zopumira pa iwo.

Zovuta chiganizo: tanthauzo ndi mitundu

Mwa maganizodwe - monga maziko structural botolo la kulankhula kwa anthu - angapo mbali yeniyeni imene ikhoza kusiyana kwa mawu kapena monga mawu amenewa. pempholo iliyonse muli mawu. Izi zikhoza kukhala uthenga mfundo, ndi funso kapena kuwanyengerera kuti achitepo kanthu. Kupereka maziko kwenikweni kalembedwe. Izi mayunitsi lexical nthawi tonally wathunthu.

Bwana anawagawa m'magulu awiri: yosavuta zovuta. panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira Izi zachokera chiwerengero cha zapansi mkhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo:

1. M'mawa kunagwa chipale chofewa. Kupereka yosavuta kumva kalembedwe maziko: chisanu (nkhani) ali panjira (mkhalidwe).
2. M'mawa kunagwa chipale chofewa, ndipo dziko lonse lapansi ngati yokutidwa ndi bulangeti fluffy. Muchisanzo chimenechi, timaona chiganizo zovuta. Choyamba kalembedwe maziko - chisanu (nkhani) anagwa (mkhalidwe); wachiwiri - m'dziko (nkhani), yokutidwa ndi (mkhalidwe).

Mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mmene inu kuphatikiza ziganizo yosavuta, aphatikizidwa izo. Iwo akhoza kukhala slozhnosochinennogo, pawiri kapena conjunctionless. Tiyeni tione mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta ndi zitsanzo.

dzinali limatanthauza

Kutsata zolumikizira ntchito yolumikizana ziwalo za chiweruzo pawiri. Dziwani kuti mu gawo ili la chiweruzo ndi ofanana kwa wina ndi mafunso ena anafunsa.

zitsanzo

The wotchi anakantha atatu m'mawa, koma banja anagona. Chiweruziro pawiri ndi ziwalo ogwirizana ndi molumikizana Kutsata "koma" ndi ntchito intonation. Galamala ndizosowa: wotchi (nkhani) wa nyemba (mneni); chachiwiri - mabanja (nkhani) anagona (mkhalidwe).

Usiku itayandikira, ndi nyenyezi kukhala m'tsogolo. Pali ndizosowa awiri galamala: usiku (nkhani) zisafike (mneni); chachiwiri - Star (nkhani) Kuŵaliraŵalirabe (mkhalidwe). Kulumikizitsidwa ziganizo yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito Co-mgwirizano ndi, komanso intonation.

Mabungwe ziganizo pawiri

Choncho kulankhula ndi bwana woyang'anira zolumikizira ntchito mkati slozhnosochinennogo mayunitsi syntactic udzagawika:

1. bwana ku mabungwe polumikiza (ndipo, inde, inde, ndipo monga (s), nayenso, komanso). Childs migwirizano awa ntchito pofotokoza zochitika mu nthawi (pamodzi kapena sequentially). Nthawi zambiri magulu amenewa zinthu zimene zikusonyeza nthawi. Mwachitsanzo:

mtambo ali anawonjezera kukula kwa mlengalenga, ndipo patatha mphindi zingapo zinayambira mvula. Polumikiza Union ndi chochitika kuzikonzanso nthawi (mphindi zochepa).

2. maganizo ndi zolumikizira adversative (ndi, koma, koma, koma, etc.). Mu zochitika ziwirizi amatsutsidwa wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo:

Chaka chino ife sanali pa nyanja, koma makolo kukhuta ndi thandizo la m'munda.

Komanso, maganizo awa zimaonetseratu adversative Union akhoza kutenga tinthu lapansi.

Mwachitsanzo: Tili ndi nthawi kudumpha mu galimoto otsiriza, Andrew anakhala pa nsanja.

3. maganizo kuchokera disjunctive ndi (kaya, kapena ndi ena.) Zikusonyeza kuti n'zotheka chimodzi mwa zinthu zotsatirazi kapena zochitika. Mwachitsanzo:

Kaya amabwebweta forte, kapena ziwala kuyang'ana kudabwa.

zizindikiro zopumira ziganizo pawiri

Childs mu dzinali limatanthauza zopumira motere: a koma pakati ziganizo yosavuta. Mwachitsanzo:

Sadzachitanso kusunga masamba mitengo gusts mphepo kuwatenga, kuika nsalu ya muofesiyo. maziko kalembedwe wa chiweruzo zovuta limeneli la masamba (phunziro kwa) kusunga (mneni); zikhumbo (nkhani) zonyamula (mkhalidwe).

Mu lamulo limeneli pali chenjezo: pamene mbali ziwiri tikhulupirira membala (kuwonjezapo kapena chochitika) - koma si zofunika. Mwachitsanzo:

M'chaka anthu ayenera kusuntha ndi safuna maganizo. Mavuto pa nthawi zikugwirizana ndi mbali yoyamba ya maziko kalembedwe zosowa (mkhalidwe) gulu (nkhani), ndipo chachiwiri, chifukwa cha zimene - maganizo (nkhani) kuti muthe (mkhalidwe).

Earth waphimbika chipale chofewa nsalu ndi youma chisanu. Pano mbali zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa wamba - lapansi. Galamala ndizosowa ndi: choyamba - chisanu (nkhani) zakutidwa (mneni); chachiwiri - ozizira (nkhani) kuti ziume (mkhalidwe).

Monga zovuta za kusiyana kwa ziganizo yosavuta pawiri ndi predicates homogeneous. Kudziwa pawiri ziganizo, kuonetsetsa chokwanira predicative maziko (kapena zapansi). Tiyeni tione zitsanzo ziwiri:

1. Zinali dzuwa yozizira tsiku, ndi m'madera ena mu nkhalango ankatha kuona wofiira phiri phulusa zipatso. Izi maganizo slozhnosochinennoe. Timasonyeza izi: awulule ndizosowa awiri galamala: tsiku (nkhani) anali (mkhalidwe), wachiwiri - kuonekera (mkhalidwe) zipatso (nkhani).
2. Red rowan zipatso mu nkhalango ankatha kuona mowala ku dzuwa ndi masango yowala. Maganizowa ndi yosavuta, ndi kobvuta okha predicates homogeneous. Pendani chifukwa kalembedwe. Phunziro - zipatso, homogeneous predicates - ankatha kuona wonyezimira; koma chofunika.

Zovuta chiganizo: tanthauzo ndi kapangidwe

chiganizo china zovuta ndi kugwirizana mgwirizano - pawiri. ntchito zoterezi amapangidwa ndi mbali wosiyana: mbuye yosavuta chiweruzo ndi Ufumuyo thereto paranasal umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Last amayankha mafunso kwa mamembala a pulayimale ndi sekondale cha maganizo chachikulu zikuchokera awo subordinative. A gawo zikugwirizana pakati pa kudzera mabungwe subordinative. Akumakambirananso amapanga ndi zotheka pa chiyambi, pakati kapena mapeto a waukulu. Tiyeni tione zitsanzo:

Ife kupita kokayenda, pamene kupita kusiya yamkuntho mvula. Izi maganizo pawiri. Mbali yaikulu maziko kalembedwe: ife (nkhani) kupita kukayenda (mneni); kalembedwe maziko a mzera wa Kumvetsela - mvula (nkhani) adzaleka kupita. mzera Apo pakubwera pambuyo waukulu.

Kotero inu mukhoza zimasonyeza, muyenera kuwerenga kwambiri mabuku. chiganizo lamavutoli wapangidwa ndi mbali yaikulu ndi chowonjezera. Chifukwa cha chachikulu - kuti muwerenge (mneni); Kumvetsela maziko - inu (nkhani) angakhoze kuyankhula (mneni). M'chiganizo lamavutoli paranasal gawo chinayang'ana waukulu.

Tinadabwa pamene ife tinalengeza zotsatira za mayeso, ndipo mantha mayesero adzaimira. Mu chitsanzo ichi mzera "akuswa" chinthu chachikulu. Galamala ndizosowa: ife (nkhani) anadabwa, mantha (mkhalidwe) - mu gawo lalikulu; analengeza (mkhalidwe) - mu gawo wamng'ono.

Subordinating zolumikizira: kusiyanitsa?

Osati nthawi zonse kulumikiza ziganizo yosavuta lopangidwa ndi zovuta ntchito ndi mabungwe, nthawizina kuchita ntchito ya otchedwa anagwirizana mawu - iwo homonymous mawu. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi mabungwe ndi ntchito yokhayo kulumikiza mbali ya maganizo mzake, si chiweruzo.

Chinthu china - mawu Union.

udindo wawo ikuchitika akuti wachibale, motero, ngati mayunitsi lexical kudzakhala chiweruzo.

Pano pali zizindikiro ndi amene amatha kusiyanitsa ndi subordinating zolumikizira wa anagwirizana mawu:

1. Nthawi zambiri mgwirizano m'sentensi tingalisiye popanda imfa ya tanthauzo. Mayi anati inali nthawi kugona. Change, mwa maganizodwe pansi Union: Mayi anati "Ndi nthawi gonani".
2. Union nthawi zonse m'malo mwa chilumikizano china. Mwachitsanzo: Ngati (ngati) kwambiri kuwerenga - kukumbukira akupeza bwino. mawu Connective zitha m'malo mwa liwu lina anagwirizana, kapena mawu a mzera chachikulu, chimene ife funso kwa wamng'ono ndi. Tiyeni tikumbukire zaka (kuti) tinakhala ku Naples. Mgwirizano wa mawu kuti akhoza m'malo pamene Kuwonjezera mzera waukulu (kumbukirani zaka: zaka tinakhala ku Naples).

mzera Kumvetsela

Akumakambirananso akhoza Ufumuyo mbuye m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi gawo la bwana, iwo kufotokoza. Iwo angatanthauze liwu limodzi kapena mawu kwa mzera lonse chachikulu.

Kumvetsa zimene mtundu wa kulumikizana mu nkhani - muyenera kufunsa funso ndi kutanthauzira, kwa ena a maganizo chachikulu wapereka.

Angapo osiyana mitundu ya Akumakambirananso Kumvetsela: kusiyana pakati pawo chimadalira pa mtengo ndi funso limene ife tikupempha pa gawo waukulu Minor. Podlezhaschnye, skazuemnye, attributive, adverbial kapena zambiri - Akumakambirananso ngati ali.

Komanso mzera lexically mwina makhalidwe angapo (mwina Mipikisano ofunika). Mwachitsanzo: Ndi zodabwitsa pamene inu mungakhoze basi kuyenda mu msewu, chilichonse popanda kuganizira. Mtengo wa Kumvetsela - ndi chikhalidwe ndi nthawi.

ziganizo zovuta ndi Akumakambirananso angapo

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta ndi kugwirizana wamng'ono ndi Akumakambirananso zingapo: yunifolomu, si yunifolomu ndiponso kugonjera zogwirizana. Zosiyanasiyana izi zimatengera momwe funso linafunsidwa.

• Kwa subordination yunifolomu Akumakambirananso ndi onse mawu omwewo kuchokera mbuye. Mwachitsanzo: Ndikufuna ndikuuzeni kupambana zabwino pa zoyipa kuti pali akalonga ndi mafumu, matsenga ndi onse otizungulira. Akumakambirananso onse atatu kufotokoza liwu limodzi kwa mbuye - kunena.
• Inhomogeneous (kufanana) kugonjera chikuchitika ngati adventitious kuyankha mafunso osiyana. Mwachitsanzo: Pamene ife tipita msasa, abwenzi kuthandizana, ngakhale iwo, silidzakhala Lofewa. Pali awiri Akumakambirananso Kumvetsela kuyankha funso liti? (Choyamba), ndipo ngakhale kuti? (Wachiwiri).
• Amacita kugonjera. Funso la ntchito zoterezi chikuperekedwa unyolo ku chiweruzo wina ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo: Only waona kukongola wa moyo, amene saona maonekedwe, akudziwa kuti mtengo wa mawu ndi zochita ndi mkulu. Kuti agwirizane waukulu mzera Kumvetsela: choyamba kufunsa funso ndani? , The chachiwiri - kodi?

Zopumira ziganizo zovuta

Gawo la chiweruzo zovuta anasiyanitsidwa ndi koma ndi. Izo aikidwa pambuyo pa Union. Polenomiyo ziganizo zovuta ndi kugwirizana Kumvetsela sitingakhoze kukhala koma. Izi zimachitika pamene kudya Akumakambirananso homogeneous limodzi ndi mabungwe ndi sanali chosatha, kapena. Mwachitsanzo:

Ine ndinanena kuti tsiku wokongola ndi dzuwa nthawi yaitali kuyambira wauka. Apa yunifolomu Akumakambirananso ndi ndizosowa tsiku (nkhani) wokongola (mkhalidwe), dzuwa (nkhani) wauka (mkhalidwe). Pakati pawo, koma ali wofunikila.

conjunctionless kutsatsa

Chinenero cha Chirasha pali ntchito zoterezi, kumene kugwirizana pakati pa mbali limachitika mwa intonation ndi mabwenzi zamalankhulidwe. ziganizo amatchedwa conjunctionless. A mvula yowaza, mitengo wagwa masamba zapitazi. Mu lamavutoli conjunctionless chiweruzo cha magawo awiri ndi ndizosowa galamala: poyamba - mvula (nkhani) anali (mneni); lachiwiri - wagwa (mneni) masamba (nkhani).

Kuwonjezera intonation ndi kuona kugwirizana pakati pa mbali chofunika, natengedwa makhalidwe vidovremennyh mkhalidwe mneni ndi zolingalira zawo. Pali awiri Akumakambirananso Kumvetsela kuyankha funso liti? (Choyamba), ndipo ngakhale kuti? (Wachiwiri).

Mitundu conjunctionless bwana

amachita Asyndetic ndi mitundu iwiri: homogeneous ndi inhomogeneous zikuchokera.

Choyamba - anthu amene predicates amakhala mawonekedwe omwewo; phindu - Yerekezerani ndi chitsutso kapena ndondomeko ya zochita. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi iwo amafanana slozhnosochinennye amangokhala zasiyidwa conjunctionless homogeneous wamphumphu. Mwachitsanzo:

Chiyambi cha autumn, thambo chidafundidwa ndi mitambo leaden. Tiyeni yerekezerani: chiyambi cha autumn, ndi thambo chidafundidwa ndi mitambo leaden.

Asyndetic ndi sakanikira zikuchokera amakonda kwambiri pawiri lapansi. Childs, izi polenomiyo ziganizo zovuta ndi gawo limodzi pamene tanthauzo lenileni la mawu akachita. Mwachitsanzo:

Ndimakonda yozizira: madiresi wokongola chikhalidwe, maholide zamatsenga kubwera, ndi nthawi kuti zipangizo ndi skates. Ngati pali asyndetic kulankhulana ndi kufanana mbali ya tanthauzo akadali ali woyamba ndi izi kutero.

Zopumira mu chiganizo conjunctionless

Ulalo Conjunctionless zikusonyeza kuti zizindikiro ndi zovuta za mtundu uwu adzadzipereka masiyanidwe. Staging koma, m'matumbo, semicolon kapena mukapeza kudzadalira tanthauzo. Chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva, timapereka tebulo:

chizindikiro zopumira	zamalankhulidwe katundu	njira mayeso	zitsanzo
koma	Lembani zinthu zimene zikuchitika nthawi imodzi kapena sequentially	mkati tanthauzo la	Agogo anapereka tebulo, mayi anga kukonza chakudya, ndipo bambo ndi ana tidies nyumba.
mukapeza	tisiyanitse	Adversative zolumikizira (ndi, koma)	Ine kupirira - iye anakwiya kwambiri.
	Mu mzere oyamba anasonyeza chikhalidwe kapena nthawi imeneyi	Mabungwe pamene kapena ngati	Inu mudzawerenga kwambiri - kudzakhala malingaliro atsopano.
	Maganizo chachiwiri limapangidwa chotsatira cha loyamba	Union kotero	Ine anatsegula chitseko - mpweya wabwino wodzazidwa chipinda.
m'matumbo	Chiganizo chachiwiri imapereka chifukwa	Union chifukwa	Ndimakonda usiku woyera: mukhoza kuyenda mpaka inu kusiya.
	Maganizo chachiwiri - malongosoledwe loyamba	ndicho Union	Onse anali okonzeka kholo tsiku: ana kuphunzira ndakatulo, alangizi apanga malipoti, ndodo msonkhano kuyeretsa ambiri.
	Maganizo chachiwiri - Kuwonjezera loyamba	kuti Union	Ine ndikutsimikiza: sangasowe andipereka.

Pamene mmodzi wa magawo ndi kumva mwa mapangidwe iliyonse - timagwiritsa ntchito semicolon. Mwachitsanzo:

Kuimba nyimbo, Marat Shagal kudzera puddles; pafupi ana anathawa, achimwemwe ndiponso mokondwera. Apa, mbali yoyamba ya zovuta zochitika zosiyana, ndipo chachiwiri - osiyana tanthauzo.

Pangani chiganizo kulankhulana asyndetic ndi losavuta: chinthu chachikulu - kuganizira tanthauzo lake.

ziganizo pawiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kulankhulana ndi zopumira pa iwo

Nthawi zambiri mitundu ya ziganizo zovuta wambiri malembedwe amene alipo ndi anagwirizana ndi conjunctionless kugwirizana pakati pa mbali zosiyana. Uku amapereka zosiyanasiyana mitundu kugwirizana. Tiyeni tione zitsanzo.

Ali mbakhagona, koma panali flurry za ntchito padziko banja: iwo darted ku chipinda kwa chipinda, akulankhula, kulumbirira. The mbali yoyamba - Kumvetsela kugwirizana, wachiwiri - coordinative lachitatu - conjunctionless.

Ine ndikudziwa choonadi yosavuta: mwasiya ndewu, pamene wina amaphunzira kumvetsera ndi kumvetsetsa. Chomangira yoyamba ndi yachiwiri mbali conjunctionless, etc. - subordinative.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito zoterezi ndi manyumba awiri amene chikugwirizana Kutsata zolumikizira kapena ngakhale conjunctionless. Pakati pa chipika anyamula masentensi angapo ophweka ndi subordination kapena coordinative muzikondana.