The Red Book m'dera Kaluga: nyama ndi zomera, ndi bowa. Enumeration, mbali ndi malongosoledwe

The Red Book wa Region Kaluga (nyama ndi zomera izo - nkhani yathu) - chikalata inakhazikitsa mu 2006. Bukuli lili pa lamulo la boma pa munda mu 1998. Izi zikuphatikizapo anthu zamoyo zimene muyenera kusintha kwa anthu, chifukwa chiwerengero chawo ndi zochepa. mndandanda alembedwera njira yakuti mtundu wakutali, pafupifupi anazimiririka (chomwenso ndi amodzi), ndi anthu amene aphunzira anthu kuphunzira koma (chithunzi 4). Mwatsoka, pali anthu amene akhala kwathunthu mbisoweka ku dera. Moyang'anizana nawo ndithudi ofunika 0.

mndandanda uli wamkulu mokwanira, ife adzadutsa masamba a Red Book wa dera Kaluga, imene ikusonyeza zamoyo amalembedwa ndi "1" - iwo ali wamng'ono ambiri.

Bowa, ndere ndi lichens

Kuyamba ndi tiyeni pa nthumwi za Ufumu wa bowa, ndere ndi lichens. Izo ziyenera kuti amatetezedwa wa Red Book wa Kaluga dziko lawo ndi ambiri. Pakati bowa ndi ambiri nkhawa za tsogolo la mlandu wawo Mwachitsanzo, motere.

Sarcosome ozungulira. Izi bowa chosowa kwambiri ndi chidwi kwambiri mitundu. Izo akufanana mokwanira lalikulu (m'mimba mwake 10 cm) ndi keg madzi, recessed mu Moss. Mtundu - bulauni-bulauni.

Izo ziyenera kuti bowa chikuzika mwa mankhwala. Specific umathandizanso zotsatira za madzi wodzala ndi thupi zipatso. Izo ntchito misempha, kuthetsa mantha, monga njira zabwino stimulant.

Ramariopsis wokongola. bowa Zimenezi zingapezeke malo otsetsereka youma analimbikitsa; angafune nkhalango deciduous ndi olemera humus nthaka. Kukulitsa chilimwe mpaka October, makamaka "banja", zikuwoneka ngati tchire laling'ono. Kuchepetsa chiwerengero alibe afufuza bwinobwino. Asayansi amavomereza kuti chifukwa - izvetnyakovyh mitundu nyama m'madera kukula.

Pakati ndere amatha kusiyanitsa Kalliergon chiphona. Umapezeka mu m'madambo, zinkapezeka m'madzi, atengeke overgrowing. 30 masentimita kutalika mphukira cholakwika ndi dzina la Moss.

The Red Book wa dera Kaluga amasamalirira ndi Mumapezekanso. Choncho, Millipede wamba, kukula mu mphako ya miyala ndi miyala - ndi diminutive fern. Tikumbukenso kuti kuli kokha mu zone pakati pa chomera moyo pa ena (epiphyte) ndiponso kuwagwiritsa ntchito monga maziko kukula.

zitsamba

Taonani kuti lili mndandanda wake wa Red Data Bukhu la dera Kaluga. Nyama ndi zomera kutchulidwa muli yosiyanasiyana. Ngati ife kulankhula za zitsamba, tisaiwale sparganium, monga chimanga ndi kudziponya. Akusiyana kokha mu mawonekedwe a masamba. Mu monga chimanga ali n'kakang'ono. The madzi zomera, wakonda oyera nyanja madzi.

Nthenga udzu - wina chomera mwapadera kutetezedwa. Poyamba, iye anali frequenter wamba wa steppes ndi minda Komabe, ntchito zachuma ndi ng'ombe ikudya ndaika chomera kuopsezedwa kutha. Kudziwa mtundu wa zakudya zachimanga lophweka: tsitsi labwino, ngati nthenga kuthamanga pamodzi msana.

The Red Book wa Kaluga dera, bowa, nyemba zomwe zolowa, recharged ndi sedge. Tiyeni anthu ochepa zomera - sedge Hartmann. Izo wakonda dothi lonyowa nkhalango mitundu kugombe la madamu. Ukufika 70 masentimita yaitali, korona tsinde spikelet, nthambi pa tsinde la.

Flower ndi wokongola inflorescences woyera - anthericum nthambi, ndipo zimatetezedwa pa dziko Kaluga. Izo wakonda dothi Mbali yokhala ngati, youma dzuwa glade. Nthawi zambiri ndi m'mphepete m'nkhalangoyo. Kuthengo, yosowa zambiri nakulitsa m'munda ndi malo wakunja kwatawuni.

mitengo

Pakati pa mitengo kuti akupanga Red Book of Kaluga dera (nyama ndi zomera mu izo, ndi njira, monga tikuonera) ndi Dziwani msondodzi, Lapp ndi mabulosi abulu. Woyamba wakonda kukula mu m'madambo, wothiriridwa bwino. Popeza nthawi yotsiriza ambiri a iwo chatsanulidwa, mtengo akamwalira. Ndi chitsamba chilichonse yaing'ono, kufika mamita awiri. Zochitikazo ndi yochitidwa masamba ndi mtundu wa edging.

Bilberry msondodzi Chili mdima makungwa wofiirira ndi yowala, pang'ono bluish masamba. Low chitsamba chilichonse, wophuka mu bogs.

mtengo wina waung'ono - Ntchito Erez squat. Nayenso wakonda dothi chinyontho. nthambi woonda ndi zophimbidwa ndi masamba ang'ono ndi njerewere. Chosiyana Mbali - adakweza ndolo. Ndi pafupi kutha chifukwa kufufuza anthu achinyontho kwa peat m'zigawo.

tizilombo

The Red Book wa dera Kaluga, nyama ndi zomera zomwe - nkhani imeneyi muli zambiri zosiyanasiyana tizilombo. Oimira mtundu uwu wa nambala apamwamba mu mndandanda. Tiyeni akukhala osowa kwambiri.

Choyamba, tiyenera anati za kafadala pansi. Iwo oimira banja eponymous n'zochepa kwambiri m'dziko Kaluga. Choncho, yakumadzulo uzhelitsa wanzeru wakonda nkhalango coniferous, kumene zimakonda kudya tizilombo tina. Dzinali odziwikiratu: yowala thupi wobiriwira ndi shimmer golide.

Makulidwe ndi zaka zosiyanasiyana mpaka 18 mm. Komanso zikusowa Carabus Clathratus ndi chibakuwa. Kutha kwa mitundu chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa malo awo ndi kufunafuna madipoziti mchere. Nalonso yofunika nkhalango ntchito poizoni ndi mankhwala.

Chiwerengero cha ndowe kasupe ndi kuopsezedwa. mtundu kachilomboka Ichi ndi golide-wobiriwira ukufika zamitundu iwiri centimetric. mapiko ndi anamaliza. Zikukhazikitsa pansi milu ya manyowa. zinthu Kuchepetsa ndi apaubale zambiri, ndi chiwonongeko cha malo.

Tikumbukenso, ndi mitundu iwiri ya bronzovok - yosalala ndi chonyezimira. chikumbu chidwi kwambiri kukula (mpaka 3 cm) amakonda kukhazikika pa mitengo, kumene makungwa chovunda ndi kubala ana. Yosalala chafer ali ndi mtundu golide-wobiriwira, ndi waluso - Zitsulo iri yochepetsetsa. Waukulu kuchepetsa chinthu - kudula wakale, mitengo yoola, malo bronzovok.

mbalame

Tikumbukenso, ndi pangozi mbalame za dera Kaluga. Kuopsezedwa ndi anthu ambiri a banja iyi, koma zotsatirazi makamaka kwambiri.

Dubrovnik. Izi msipu kukawauza udzu mkulu chikukhudza Passerine. A mbalame zosamukasamuka kuti ndi kwakung'ono chiwerengero chifukwa kuchepetsa malo oyenera kukaikira mazira.

Ortolan - mmodzi kwambiri woimira passerine. Izi ang'onoang'ono-kakulidwe mbalame ali ndi imvi wobiriwira mtundu. Oatmeal - mbalame zosamukasamuka, kukaikira mazira ifika.

Small wakuda khosi grebe ndi - waterfowl, osati kupeza malo mulingo woyenera kukaikira mazira m'dera Kaluga. Iwo amakonda kukhazikika mu amatunga kwambiri tchire.

nyama

Ponena za Red Book wa dera Kaluga, osati kutchula nyama. Mwapadera kutetezedwa mileme pano Mwachitsanzo, chimphona noctule.

oimira nyamayi komanso patalipatali m'chigawo. Choyamba ndi trot. Osowa pano monga Brown chimbalangondo ndi njati.

Nyama - Nyama nkhalango, kotero kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo chifukwa cha chitukuko cha m'dera ndi kuchepetsa malo. Komanso nyama monga amphaka, kapena Mwachitsanzo, mink - gawo la zofunkha wa anthu opha nyama chifukwa cha ubweya wapatali kwambiri.