Trisomy 21: makhalidwe yachibadwa

Trisomy - kukhalapo kwa angapo kapena khromozomu lowonjezera akonzedwa kuti asakhale ndi vutoli. Njira yotchuka kwambiri - ndi kukhalapo ndi khromozomu owonjezera mu 13, 18 ndi khromozomu 21.

syndrome pansi ndi

Dzina lachiwiri la matenda - trisomy 21. wake woyamba kufukulidwa ntchito yake ndipo anafotokoza Dr. Lengdon Daun mu 1866. Doctor bwino zafotokozedwa waukulu zizindikiro zilirimu, koma sanathe mukazindikira chifukwa cha matenda izi. Kuthetsa chinsinsi cha trisomy 21 ofufuza adakhoza yekha mu 1959. Ndiyeno anapeza kuti matenda ali ndi chiyambi chibadwa. Mapepala okhala khromozomu majini 21 udindo makhalidwe syndrome, ndicho pamaso pa khromozomu owonjezera kumabweretsa kudwala zimenezi. Amadziwika kuti mukachipinda munthu lili awiriawiri makumi awiri ndi zitatu DNA. Zoyambirira udzadutsa dzira la mayi, ndipo chachiwiri - mwa umuna wa bambo. Koma nthawi zina chikakusowani, ndi khromozomu sangathe anasiyana, choncho makolo akhoza kupeza unit onse owonjezera. Tikumbukenso kuti anyamata ndi atsikana amadwala matenda Down ofanana. Udindo Hrs kwa makolo komanso zilibe kanthu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, wina amadwala trisomy 21 mwa ana asanu ndi atatu.

Zoyambitsa ndi chiopsezo trisomy 21. Mlingo wa zizindikiro chiopsezo

Zimayambitsa matenda Down sakugwira bwino. Asayansi zikutsutsanazo za matenda. Chinthu chokha chimene iwo amavomereza, ndi kuti trisomy 21 chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ankachita zambiri pakati chibadwa payekha. Ndipo si matenda otengera kwa makolo. Koma pali chitsanzo ena: ngati m'badwo mayi kuposa zaka 35, zikamera wa matenda zikuchulukirachulukira peresenti atatu. Ndipo wamkulu wa mkazi wobala, ndi apamwamba chiopsezo mwanayo trisomy 21. Choncho, chiopsezo ndi mwana wodwala akazi zaka twente-faifi kwa zaka 1 mwana 1250 ana, ndipo pambuyo makumi - 1 mwana mpaka 30 akhanda. Tikumbukenso kuti m'badwo bambo lilibe mphamvu pa pakutchulidwa matendawa. Mkazi ali ndi matenda Down angakhale ndi mwana wodwala mwina makumi asanu pa zana a anthu ndi matenda - n'ngosabereka. Makolo amene mwana ndi matenda, ngozi za trisomy 21, mwana wachiwiri wa gawo limodzi.

Njira kwa motsimikiza kuvutika chromosomal

Mkazi aliyense akufuna kukhala ndi pakati, nkhawa za thanzi tsogolo la mwana wanu. mankhwala zamakono zimatithandiza kudziwa zambiri pathological kukula kwa mwanayo m'mimba. Monga tanena chiopsezo ankayembekezera trisomy 21 mobwerezabwereza kumawonjezera ndi amayi zaka. Chifukwa anthu omwe zaka ali pangozi, mankhwala kuphimba mu trimester mimba. Koma osati zaka angakhale chifukwa zomwe dokotala pali nkhawa kuti mwana wosabadwayo angathe trisomy 21. mlingo pa zimene kusanthula atumizidwa:

• kobadwa nako kudwala mu mimba yapita, monga kuvutika chromosomal;
• pamaso nevynoshennyh mimba;
• kukhalapo kwa abale a pakati matenda aakulu kobadwa nako;
• matenda opatsirana mimba oyambirira;
• cheza kukhudzana;
• Kubadwa koyamba ndi matenda izi;
• kuvomerezedwa magawo oyambirira a mankhwala ndi teratogenic.

Yoganizira za zitsanzo zosankhidwazi magazi imagwiridwa ndi ndiye chitsanzo anaikidwa mu zida yapadera, njira imene detects kukhalapo kwa kudwala. Ndi umboni umboni monga anatsimikiza mtima trisomy 21, mfundo yachibadwa atengedwa mu nkhani ndi zinthu zina cholinga. Njirazi ndi monga: amai zaka, kulemera, pamaso pa zipatso, kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zizoloŵezi zoipa ndi ena. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo zinachitikadi kufufuza zonse, ngozi masamu, ndi chizindikiro "trisomy 21" anatsimikizira - mkazi anaitanidwa ku kufunsa gynecologist, kumene iye anauzidwa za kukhalapo amaganiziridwa matenda Down mu mwana wosabadwa. Mkazi angasankhe pakamwa mimba. Koma kuphimba zotsatira yekha sangapereke peresenti zana matenda. Ngati kusanthula amapereka zotsatira zabwino, dokotala zambiri anaika puncture CVS.

Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Down Syndrome

Monga ulamuliro, trisomy 21 ikupezeka mu mphindi zochepa zoyambirira za moyo wamwanayo. Pali zizindikiro kunja imene dokotala akhoza kuika matenda izi. Njirazi ndi monga:

• lalifupi khosi, flattened mphuno ndi nkhope, ang'ono pakamwa, lalikulu, kawirikawiri yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda lilime, Mongoloid cha maso, pang'ono opunduka makutu;
• cholakwika kumwamba, lilime ndi grooves, lathyathyathya mlatho wa mphuno;
• sakhalitsa lonse mikono, manja ndi khola limodzi, lalifupi phalanx ya chala chapakati;
• mawanga woyera pa Iris wa diso;
• pang'ono kulemera;
• ofooka kwambiri minofu kamvekedwe;
• kupindika a chifuwa.

The kudwala ziwalo mkati

Tikhoza kunena kuti anthu amene anapezeka ndi "trisomy 21", mlingo wa co-morbidities amenewa:

• kobadwa nako matenda a mtima;
• zosiyanasiyana matenda a m'mimba thirakiti;
• chiopsezo cha khansa ndi apamwamba kuposa mu anthu athanzi;
• ugonthi;
• amaona masomphenya ;
• matenda obanika kutulo;
• kunenepa;
• kudzimbidwa;
• infantile spasms;
• matenda a Alzheimer.

Trisomy 21. zizindikiro zachilendo maonekedwe psycho-maganizo

Mwina matenda ambiri mwa ana, amene anayika matenda amenewa ndi kuphwanya chitukuko psycho-maganizo. Anthu ndi trisomy 21 kudwala zovuta kuphunzira, iwo sali sociable, nkomwe kuchidziwa. Nthawi zambiri ana awa mwina hyperactive kapena ngati yovuta kwathunthu. Anthu awa akhoza kwambiri maganizo. Koma tisaiwale kuti ana awa ndi wachikondi kwambiri, omvera ndi tcheru. Iwo amatchedwa "mwana dzuwa."

Syndrome pansi ndi Chithandizo

Mwatsoka, kudwala mwa nthawi lero ndi wosachiritsika. Chinthu chokha chimene chingathandize anthu amenewa - ndi kuchitira co-morbidities. Choncho n'zotheka kutalikitsa moyo wa anthu 'dzuwa "ndi kusintha khalidwe la moyo.

syndrome Mapa Down

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, moyo amayembekezeka anthu ndi matenda pa khromozomu 21 kuchuluka zikuchepa. Tikuthokoza kwambiri kusintha kwa khalidwe la mayesero ndi mankhwala. Munthu amene ali ndi matenda imeneyi amakhala khalidwe makumi asanu ndi zisanu kapena kuposerapo. Chifukwa cha kusakanikirana mu bungwe la anthu amene ali ndi matenda Down amakhala moyo wonse, ana - kupita ku sukulu zonse. Lero tikudziwa anthu ambiri amene anatha chopereka chachikulu ndi moyo onse ndipo ngakhale otchuka.

Nsonga Lothandiza Makolo ana "dzuwa"

Makolo amene inanena kuti mwana wawo akudwala ozerezeka, pali zambiri zokhudza chisamaliro ndi zina ndipo analeredwa pa mwanayo. Mpaka posachedwapa m'dziko lathu ife kusalidwa anthu oterowo. Zimenezi anayamba chifukwa cha kusowa zambiri. Koma posachedwapa, mudziwe zambiri amatenga anthu amene akusiyanako ife. Tsopano amalenga zambiri malo, omwe angabwere ndi makolo awo "mwana dzuwa." Iwo samangokhala chiyani ena za chipambano zawo ndi zochitika, komanso kuphunzitsa ana kuti azolowere mavuto m'banja ndi cigawo ku anthu masiku ano. Nkofunika kuthana ndi osati chitukuko maganizo a mwana, komanso thupi. Zotsatira zabwino kupereka zolimbitsa mankhwala ndi mankhwala kuntchito. M'pofunika kuphunzitsa mwana kutumikira okha. Nkofunika kuchita "dzuwa" mwana wakhanda. Pali njira zambiri pa chitukuko cha ana awa. Ndipo ngati anthu pafupi kuti muthandize mwana wanu kuthana ndi bokosi lapadera, n'kutheka kuti mwana pafupifupi sadzakhala amasiyana ndi anzawo. Iye sangakhoze kupita kusukulu, komanso kuti ndiphunzire ntchito inayake, ndipo adzakhala membala zonse za anthu.