Tsiku Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Akhtyrskaya Theotokos: kufotokoza, chithunzi

Pakati zosiyanasiyana zithunzi za Virigo Woyera, kotero atalemekeza padziko lonse Orthodox, pali wina amene amanyamula umunthu kwambiri. Iwo Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Zikuoneka Namwali Mariya ndi mikono apangidwe, monga ngati kumizidwa mu pemphero chisoni kutsogolo kwa mwana wake, Yesu Kristu, amene chithunzi anapachikidwa pa mtanda, anaika kumanzere kwa izo. chithunzi ichi amakumbukira ambiri amene analandira mwa mozizwitsa matenda awo.

Kupeza njira yodabwitsa

Koma ife tisanati kulankhula za kufunika kwa onse amene akhulupirira pa Mwana wa Mulungu ndi Wake Mayi Wopatulikitsa, ayenera, ndiponso pa nkhani ya kupeza wake, komwe kunachitika mu July 1739. Izo zinachitika m'tauni yaing'ono ya Romney, pafupi Kharkov. Lero gawo ili ku dera Sumy. Masiku amenewo, kumapeto kwa ulamuliro Anny Ioannovny, iye ankakhala m'mudzi wa olemekezeka wansembe Atate Basil (Danilov). Iye ankatumikira pa Tchalitchi cha Kupemphera.

Imafotokoza kuti iye kamodzi anagula scythe yatsopano, ndi kufuna kuti muyesere izo, anabwera m'malo mwake. Iwo anali mu July, ndi udzu anaima wamtali. Koma pamaso pa Atate Basil kugwedezeka monga inawala kuwala khungu akubwera kuchokera m'nkhalango zowirira za sedge. Kubisa maso ake, wansembe anatsamira pa nawona chithunzi zodabwitsa kuwala kwake imaonetsa dzuŵa. Abusa achipembedzo anagwada napemphera, yokutidwa ndi kugula wopemphera.

Zinali Akhtyrskaya chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, chithunzi amene timalandira pa chiyambi cha nkhaniyi. A pang'ono atatsitsimuka ndi udatotobwa, wansembe kukwezedwa pa nthaka njira yodabwitsa ndi kulemekeza kwambiri, yotengekatengeka ake m'nyumba, nampatsa malo apadera a ulemu pakati zithunzi zina. Pozindikira kuti anapambana kachisi wamkulu, Atate Basil poyamba sichimva kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi anapezazo ndi perekedwa pakati pa iwo okha.

The chodabwitsa cha Amayi a Mulungu

Choncho kumapitirirabe, koma kamodzi anali masomphenya. Iye analemekeza kuona Mfumukazi kwambiri wa Kumwamba, amene adalamulira kuti iye kuchotsa chizindikirochi ku fumbi ndi kusamba ndi madzi oyera mtsinje. Kudzuka ku tulo, chinthu choyamba bambo anga chirichonse kuti Lady athu ankafuna. Pamaso anaopa kukhudza pamwamba pa chifano wa woyera, kukhulupirira yekha kuti anali wosayenera ulemu uwu. Tsopano iye ali ndi changu chachikulu kuchotsedwa zonse fumbi anapeza pa izo, kuchapa, ndipo, poganizira ichi amwano kuwaza madzi pansi, ndinaganiza monga izo pa sitima yomweyo kumbuyo mu mtsinje.

Koma mosakhalitsa anali wansembe m'nyumba monga panali kachiwiri mawu ambiri odabwitsa a Mulungu, omwe bambo anga anali atamva mu maloto ndi kukumbukira moyo wonse. Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba, nthawi imeneyi anamulamula kusunga madzi iye rinsed nkhope yake changwiro kwambiri, wodzazidwa ndi chisomo cha mphamvu akanatha kuchiritsa matenda. Alibe akukayikira pang'ono chabe cha choonadi cha mawu a Dona athu, wansembe ola lomwelo madzi madzi mozizwitsa mwana wake wamkazi akudwala malungo, ndi chozizwitsa limakhudza kuchitika - buthulo yomweyo anachira.

Chozizwa akuwonetseredwa iconographer John

Ndithudi, zonse zinachitika Atate Basil wodzazidwa kulemekeza kwambiri iwo zopezeka mkachisimo. Koma momwe kulisunga, ndithudi, sanathe kupeza chinsinsi, ndi kudziwa za izo poyamba, banja lake, ndiye anansi, ndiyeno mzinda wonsewo. Kusamalira fano mozizwitsa, wansembe anapempha chizindikiro zojambulajambula dzina lake John mmodzi wa burashi ake kudzikondweretsa kudzudzulidwa kwabasi wosanjikiza, kuchotsa izo anaonekera pa nthawi ya kuwonongeka.

Chithunzicho, amene anali kudziŵa za mphamvu yodabwitsa ya chizindikirochi, isanayambe ntchito osambitsidwa ndi madzi ndi madzi mwana wake amene ankadwala malungo. Nkosafuna kunena kuti matenda ali mu mphindi yomweyo mnyamata kumanzere, ndipo bambo wosangalala kutamandidwa chifundo cha Woyera Virgin, amene anasonyeza kuti Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi! Wokonzeka kuyamba ntchito, John kale anatola burashi, pamene mwadzidzidzi panali mawu a Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba. Pamaso kumva mbuye anamva mawu ake: "Siyani mapulani athu. Osati mwa mphamvu zanu kusintha chizindikirochi. Bweretsani m'malo. "

Kugwa kwa maondo ake, kugwedezeka anamva, chithunzicho anakhala mu pemphero usiku onse ndi m'mawa anatenga bambo ake Basil kachisi. Abusa achipembedzo anapeza ndekha alibenso ufulu panokha ntchito mphatso ya Namwali Wodalitsidwa koposa kuyambira tsiku chizindikirochi anapezeka zaka zitatu zapita. Iye analiyika ilo ndi Woyera Virgin Protection Church, amene anali ngati wansembe zaka zambiri. Kuyambira pamenepo anthu a Romney, kupereka mapemphero awo zozizwitsa, machiritso analandira zomwe molondola olembedwa m'buku lapadera. Posachedwa Akhtyrskaya zikomo Amayi a Mulungu anakhala chuma cha dziko lonse ndipo akukhamukira Khamu lalikulu la amwendamnjira.

Akuneneratu Baroness Von Veydel

Chochitika kwambiri kuti wapanga mafano wotchuka pa Imperial Court, chinachitika mu 1748. Mmodzi wa pafupifupi analamulira pa nthawi ya Mfumukazi Elizabeth - Baroness Von Veydel - anapita Romney, kumene iye anali wolemera malo. Atafulatira hemayo zaka anadwala zofooka zambiri chimakhala ndi msinkhu wake. Kuphunzira za katundu zodabwitsa za Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, State dona anapemphera kutsogolo kwake, kumufunsa kuti apempherere pamaso mtima Mwana.

Mu usiku wotsatira iye anaona masomphenya a Namwali Wodalitsidwa, anasonyeza kuti ntchito yake inali itatha, ndipo patapita kanthawi iye ali kulowa Gates Yamuyaya. Kupeza chimwemwe mu Ufumu wa Mulungu, yomweyo kugawira katundu wanga yense kwa osauka. About awiri aakazi, amene anali amadalira iye, Virgin analonjeza kusonyeza chisamaliro chapadera.

Mmawa wotsatira, popanda kutaya nthawi wapatali, Baroness anayamba chilango cha lamulo la Namwali Wodalitsidwa. Patapita masiku asanu, anasamukira ku dziko la Ambuye, ndi kupereka zonse anali nazo moyo wake. Pambuyo pa malirowo, Mfumukazi anatenga atsikana awiri amasiye ku likulu la dziko ndi posakhalitsa grooms awo - anthu olemera kwambiri yabwino. Zitachitika zinthu zimenezi Akhtyrskaya Theotokos pakati otchuka kwambiri Russia, ndi mu 1751 Sinodi Woyera zowerenga monga zozizwitsa.

Pomanga mpingo mwala Akhtyrka

Pa nthawi yomweyo, mndandanda wa zithunzi anaonekera mu mpingo wa St. Nicholas chodabwitsa kuti anali pa Arbat ndipo mu 1931 anawonongedwa. N'zoonekeratu kuti sanali yekhayo Akhtyrskaya Theotokos mu Moscow. M'kachisi, kupatula mutu, Ine akulambira fano ili Muscovites - zovuta kunena.

Mfumukazi Elizaveta Petrovna chinasiyana ndi wopembedza kwambiri, ndipo mu 1768 anapereka ndalama zambiri zothandiza pa ntchito yomanga Akhtyrka mwala Pokrovsky Cathedral mu kubwerera analipo zaka zimenezo, matabwa. Russian autocrat ankafuna kuti inamangidwa pamalo pomwe kwa pafupifupi zaka zapitazo, mozizwitsa atapeza pa Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu.

Elizabeth analamula chidachitika, ndi ntchito pa ntchito ya kachisi analamula otchuka wamanga D. Ukhtomsky, moyo imeneyi dzina lake ndi katswiri ambiri a kamangidwe ka Russia. Kumene anamangapo kachisi chithunzi iye anakhala mpaka 1903. Pali nthaŵi zonse akugwirizira ntchito Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu.

Atigwira Icon ndi kutumiza akutali

tsoka lake wotsatira anali penapake mwachinsinsi, ndi chisoni. Mu 1903 chizindikirochi kulowera kubwezeretsa likulu kumpoto, kumene posachedwapa mbisoweka popanda sanachite. N'zovuta kulandira Pankhaniyi, motsogoleredwa Mulungu, mwina, ndi funso la kuba banal. Patapita kanthawi pang'ono chizindikirochi anaonekera Harbin, amene anaikidwa zogulitsa ndipo anagula ena Mr S. A. Stepanovym. Amadziwika kuti archpriest m'dera Nikolai Trufanov, kufufuza chithunzi bwinobwino, umboni kuti ndi chidina chenicheni cha Protection Woyera mpingo Akhtyrka.

Isanafike 1950, chizindikiro chinali pa China, kenako mwana wa mwiniwake woyamba anabweretsa choyamba ake mu South America, ndipo kenako - mu San Francisco, kumene anapereka Orthodox achinyamata bungwe. Ndipo lero fano zozizwitsa akadali kunja. Mu Soviet Union zaka zambiri palibe amene anadziwa zimene zinachitikira zithunzi, ndi kokha mu 1975 anaonekera mudziwe poyamba. Koma pa zifukwa zoonekeratu, sikunali kotheka kuti kuyenda othandiza kuti apeze osachepera mndandanda chomveka kwa izo.

Only mkubwela kwa kusintha kwa ulamulilo wokomela Kharkiv Metropolitan Nikodemo kutha nthawi yaitali buku ndi kuupereka kuti waikamo mu Pokrovsky Cathedral mu Akhtyrka, kumene choyambirira pafupi. mwambo umenewu unali wotchuka ndi chionetsero wapadera umene unachitika pamaso pa khamu lalikulu. Choncho mwambo nachiritsidwa, chibwenzi kumbuyo mwamsanga 1844. A June 15, 1999 ife phwando la chikumbutso 260th wa mphatso ya fano mozizwitsa. Mu utumiki wa kachisi adawomba tropar Akhtyrka Icon wa Amayi a Mulungu ndi pemphero kwa Namwali Wodalitsidwa.

Art zimaonetsa zithunzi

M'pofunika kunena mawu ochepa za iconography za chifanocho. Palibe kukaika kuti Bukuli lili pa ntchito za Chitaliyana Greek luso. Monga ulamuliro, chithunzi cha Virgin akufotokozedwa ndi manja anawolokera ku pemphero, koma pali ena kunyoza kumene dzanja malo chimasintha. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi chisoti cha Namwali Wodalitsidwa. Nthawi zina akufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a nguwo za nthawi zina korona, ndi ena zithunzi ndi kwina. Mbali chidwi ndi ntchito zokhudzana mwachindunji zikuchokera, osati n'zosiyana, zimene zikusonyeza masukulu Italy ndi Greek. Zimenezi zimaonekera chakuti Mpulumutsi kuzilingalira m'munsi kwambiri kuposa amayi ake kuti amalenga nkhambakamwa za remoteness.

Mu 1945, panali otchedwa Ravensbryuksky image, zomwe zinali zochokera Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Kufotokozera za zithunzi awiri ofanana kwambiri, koma kuti choyamba wopachikidwa Khristu anapereka mu mawonekedwe a mwana kapena mwana. An nkhani chidwi ndi kulenga chithunzi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba izo zinapangidwa, monga tatchulazi, mu 1945, mu njira ya nsalu. dzina lake likuchokera ku Ravensbrück kundende ina, kumene akaidi mkazi analengedwa - Martyr Amayi Maria.

Akachisi, lomwe limasonyeza mndandanda wa zithunzi

anapatsidwa chithunzi kuchiritsa katundu makamaka wotchuka, amene kwathunthu ali Ahtyrsky Theotokos. Mu Moscow, malire waukulu m'nyumba ya Kuuka pa Arbat, kusungidwa wofunika kwambiri mndandanda, anapanga m'zaka za m'ma XVIII ndi chizindikiro kwambiri kuti ali mu America lero. Komanso Samara, mmodzi wa makachisi Lonely Nicholas ansembe yotchedwa, sakhoza kuona buku la fano zozizwitsa, nalemekezedwa ndi mozizwa zambiri, chodabwitsa cha mapemphero a amwendamnjira. Tsiku Akhtyrka Icon wa amayi anaganiza chikondwerero 2 (15) wa July, pamene lonse Orthodox dziko amakondwerera zinthu chilungamo mwinjiro wa Theotokos pa Blachernae.

Temple mu Orel

Amadziwika kuti pambuyo pa kachisi akulemekezedwa kuyambira nthawi yakale zinamangidwa ndi odzipereka mipingo. Pakati alipo lero ndi otchuka kwambiri Orel. Linamangidwa mu 1775 pa zopereka za munthu wamalonda m'dera K. S. Pastuhova. mfundo ndi yakuti tsiku lina munthu uyu achipembedzo, amene ankadwala matenda ena pamene m'zochita zawo malonda mu Romney, anachiritsidwa mwa chizindikiro mozizwitsa.

Kunyumba, adatembenukira kwa akuluakulu diocesan kuti athawire amayamikira kumanga kachisi wa ulemu wa zinthu zopatulika, zimene iye amapangitsa thanzi lake. Maonekedwe chinapezeka ndipo posakhalitsa kachisi Akhtyrskaya Dona Wathu (Mphungu) analandira mpingo woyamba. Popeza ulemerero wa mafano wakula mofulumira, koposa amwendamnjira kulambira iye. Space sikokwanira, ndi kachisi anamangidwanso bwereza kangapo zaka. Tsopano ndi dongosolo zazikulu, moyenerera anakhala wa zokopa mzindawo.

Agulupa, anakhazikitsidwa mu ulemu wa chizindikiro woyera

Kupatula iwo tanenera kale, ife zamangidwa ndi odzipereka akachisi ambiri ulemu wa totere chithunzi akulemekezedwa wa fuko. Mwachitsanzo, azakhali anga wokondedwa, wotchuka Russian ndakatulo F. I. Tyutcheva inamangidwa mu 1805 pa njira mpingo m'mudzi wa dera Chernetove Bryansk. M'dera Volgograd, m'mudzi wa Gusevka Olkhovskoye m'dera ndi Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu Akatolika. obisika Izi anakhazikitsidwa mu 1874, ntchito ya wansembe wa m'deralo, Atate John (achilevi) ndi Athos kudzipatula Nikodemo (Dvoychenkova). Kukhala anapulumuka ambiri kusokonekera XX atumwi, obisika ndipo lero ndi lotseguka kwa iwo ofuna kugwiritsa ntchito moyo wake kupulumutsa miyoyo.

Kodi kumathandizanso fano zozizwitsa ndi zimene analandira kufunsa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa? mphamvu zake wachisomo anasonyeza kuchiritsa malungo, koma pambuyo pake panali zambiri umboni kuti athandiza zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pemphero Akhtyrka chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu kwa ana ndi odalirika njira kuteteza ku matenda ndi kuti asatengere makhalidwe oipa, kotero zowopsa nthawi yathu.

Komanso, kutsogolo kwa kupemphera kwa banja losangalala aakazi. Aliyense kuwonetseredwa chozizwitsa kukula mbiri ya chithunzi ichi. Achulukane ndi mndandanda anachita naye. Ndipo amene amadziwa, mwina tsiku lina adzabwerera ku Australia ndi script, modabwitsa zopezeka zaka mazana awiri makumi asanu zapitazo.