Bogolubskaya Theotokos (chithunzi). Kodi kupemphera?

Ambiri adziwe Russia Bogolyubovo chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu amatchedwa mwina zithunzi zofunika kwambiri Russian Church Heritage. Lidalembedwa pafupifupi zikwi zapitazo, ambiri a zochitika mu Russia ogwirizana ndi iwo, ndipo zozizwitsa zambiri zimachitika mphamvu yake mozizwitsa. Za kufunika kwake kwa anthu Russian kumaoneka ndi mndandanda ambiri (makope) ku chithunzi chenicheni, ndi chakuti anthu atakhala chizindikiro ichi ndi pemphero mu tsiku lathu. Mbiri za chiyambi cha chizindikiro, tanthauzo lake kwa Akristu - nkhaniyi.

Nkhani ya chizindikirochi

Malinga ndi nthano, mu 1157 Suzdal Grand Prince Andrey Yuryevich Dolgoruky anali pa ulendo wake ku Upper Town mu Suzdal, momwe iye anali limodzi ndi chizindikiro cha Lady Wathu Vladimir. June 18, 10 miles kwa Vladimir, ngolo anaima mwadzidzidzi ndipo ngakhale khama la mahatchi, iwo sanali kutsindikiza kusuntha izo. Wokoma Prince anathyola m'dziko lino msasa hema. Pa pemphero, kalonga anali opatulikitsa Theotokos ndi kumuuza zoti malo Bogoliubsk mpingo Amayi a Mulungu, dzina lake pambuyo ake Khirisimasi ndi Vladimir Icon ya chiphaso kwa Vladimir.

Prince, motsogozedwa ndi chochitika, amisiri chizindikiro analamula bwalo kulemba fano la Virgin pa bolodi ya paini mu mawonekedwe imene anaonekera kwa iye mwa kumapemphela. Kotero apo Bogolyubovo chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, chithunzi chimene anapereka m'munsimu. chizindikiro ichi cha Amayi a Mulungu, pisagumanika pyalembwa msinkhu, ndi manja ake anakulira pemphero, ndi nkhope itatembenuzidwira Mwana. Mu dzanja lake lamanja akufotokozedwa ndi mpukutu olembedwa kwa Ambuye mu pemphero. Chifaniziro cha Virgin Mary akuonetsedwa zithunzi limodzi la Grand Duke mu ulendo wake - Yesu Khristu, Vladimir Icon wa Mikayeli ndi Gabriel ndi Ioanna Predtechi.

Kukondwerera zithunzi Bogoliubsk

Poyamba Bogolyubovo chizindikiro cha mayi wapeza malo ake mu Bogolyubov, mu mpingo anamanga Prince pa pempho la Virgin, ndi Vladimir Icon. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti kukhala pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha Vladimir, Bogolyubovo akamwedwa pa mphamvu yodabwitsa ya izo, kukhala osati zochepa akulemekezedwa.

Mu kalendala ya Orthodox maholide otchulidwa pa 260 akulemekezedwa zithunzi za Amayi a Mulungu, okhala ndi mphamvu zozizwitsa, koma ambiri pali oposa 860 zosiyanasiyana za izo. Zithunzi ambiri masiku awo chikondwerero kwa iwo kulemba mapemphero awo, nyimbo ndi troparia. Aliyense wa zithunzi za Namwali Wodalitsidwa ali zotsatira zake: Munthu amachitira ena amateteza wachitatu athandiza banja.

Iwo ali tsiku ndi ulemu ndi Bogolyubovo chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Madyerero zikuchitika pa June 18 St. kalembedwe ndi pa June 1 - latsopano. Lero anatilemekeza zithunzi zina Bogoliubsk zithunzi - Moscow, Zimarovskaya, Uglich, Kozlovsky, Yurevskaya, Elatomskogo, Tula, Tarusskaya, Usman Bogolyubovo chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, chithunzi cha zimene zili m'nkhani ino.

malo chizindikirochi

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, poyamba, chizindikiro ichi inamangidwa St. Prince Dolgoruky Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Virgin. Kenako, kuzungulira kachisi anamangidwa Bogolyubskii obisika, kumene chizindikirochi chinali mpaka kutseka m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. Komabe, pambuyo kutsekedwa wa agulupa ya tinasunga mu mpingo wa Joachim ndi Anna mzinda wa Vladimir. Popeza 1946, fano Tingaone mu Museum wa Vladimir Regional. Mu 1992 izo Anam'samutsira Knyaginin Mfundo ansembe yotchedwa, ndipo mu 2009 anatumizidwa ku pomwe (kubwezeretsa) mu Vladimir-Suzdal Museum Bogolyubovo chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, kumene kuli lero.

mitundu iconography

Iconography mu mpingo nzeru womulera dongosolo la malamulo komanso masikimu m'chifanizo cha zithunzi zina kapena zochitika.

Pamene chifaniziro cha Virigo, pali odziwika iconographic mitundu ingapo:

• Oranta (fano la Namwali Mariya ndi manja ake anamulerera ndi kanjedza anatembenuka outwards, ndi mwanayo m'manja ake - chizindikiro cha pemphero intercessory).
• Eleousa (fano la Virigo ndi Mwana mu mikono yake, mbamuikha tsaya lake kwa tsaya Amayi - limaimira chikondi waukulu wa Mulungu kwa anthu).
• Hodegetria (fano la Virigo pa mpando atanyamula mwana, atanyamula mpukutu ndi dzanja lamanja nawo ku malangizo ake - limaimira kulambira mwana).
• Panachranta (chifaniziro cha Virgin Mary pa mpando atanyamula mwana ndi dzanja lake lamanja nawo ku malangizo ake - limaimira ukulu wa Virgin)
• Agiosoritissa (fano la Namwali Wodalitsidwa popanda Child mu pemphero - pemphero akuimira kwa anthu).

Iconography chifaniziro

Theotokos wa bogolyubovo chikukhudza mtundu yamasika iconographic - Agiosoritissa, koma ali ndi kusiyana pang'ono ku njira za makolo Virgin fano. Kwenikweni, lili zinthu za mtundu Hodigitria ndi Orans. Pa convolution, ndilo m'manja mwa Amayi a Mulungu, amene analembedwa mu pemphero kwa Ambuye mu chitetezo cha mtundu wa anthu. Amadziwika kuti lemba zolembedwa pa pepala ili, kusintha nthawi iliyonse kubwezeretsedwa kwa mafano.

Bogolubskaya Amayi a Mulungu ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi chifaniziro cha Virgin, ndi zithunzi za mu Mpingo wa Santa Maria, ankakhala mu mzinda wa Palermo. A kufanana ofanana inachokera ku njira zinkaimira mu fresco Mirozhsky amonke Pskov, komanso nkhope ya Virgin Mary mu nyimbo "chiweruzo chotsiriza" ndi "Candlemas." Popeza zimenezi, olemba mbiri amaganiza kuti wolemba loyamba chizindikiro ichi kunali Byzantine chizindikiro zojambulajambula, amene anafika panyumba ya Prince Dolgoruky ndipo kenako anabwerera kwawo.

Mumadziwika mndandanda chizindikirochi

Mawu "mndandanda" pano kukhazikitsa, deducted kuchokera pachiyambi.
Kulambira mkulu chithunzi limasonyeza chakuti anthu Russian pa Zakachikwi zapitazi walenga makope angapo dazeni la iwo, ayamba mphamvu yake mozizwitsa. The wodziwika zino Moscow, Uglich ndi Zimarovskaya chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu (Bogolyubovo). Tanthauzo la zithunzi izi kwa anthu Russian ndi chachikulu: patsogolo pawo anapemphera pa internecine ndewu, nkhondo ya alendo, miliri yoopsa.

Moscow

Moscow chizindikiro chikusonyezera Virgin Mary ndi mpukutu mu dzanja lake, akupemphera kwa Mwana, ndi kutsogolo kwake, atagwada, ndi woyera. Iye anali wotchuka ndi mndandanda chakuti Muscovites kupulumutsidwa ku yoopsa mliri mliri wa matenda mu 1771. Chiyambireni cha zaka mazana makumi awiri Bogolubskaya Theotokos mu Moscow ili mu mpingo wa St. Peter ndi Paulo.

Zimarovskaya

Zimarovskaya chithunzi cha Namwali Wodalitsidwa si mwana, zonse kutalika, akukumana kwa Mwana, amudalitsa kuchokera kumwamba. chizindikirochi amadziwika kuchiritsa anthu matenda aakulu - mliri, kolera. Mpaka 1925 chizindikirochi anachisunga m'mudzi Zimarovo Ryazan dera, koma pambuyo 1925 izo anatayika, ndipo kuyambira kumene ake sakudziwika.

Uglich

Lidalembedwa mu zaka za m'ma 17, ndipo zaka 200 pambuyo pake mafelemu a chizindikirochi anagwidwa ndi maziko latsopano. chizindikirochi amadziwika Machiritso Uglich okhala mliri pakati pa zaka za m'ma 17. Today chizindikirochi ili mu mzinda wa Uglich, mu mpingo wa St. Demetrius.

Kodi Bogoliubsk kupemphera pamaso pa fano?

Amayi a Mulungu nthawizonse chimalankhula kwa kuchonderera ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa iye ndi Ambuye. Pemphero Bogoliubsk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu Nthawi zambiri chopempha chipulumutso cha munthu ku matenda ndi masoka achilengedwe, nkhondo zapachiweniweni ndi miseche ndi anthu moto mu nkhalango ndi minda, njala ndi umphawi, kuchokera miliri zakupha, chigumula, chisanu ndi chilala, kwa adani wolusa ku madera ena ndipo ku ndewu sichikupindulitsani zoweta. Komanso, apaulendo mukupempha umoyo wa chizindikirochi panjira, ndi mayi linafunsidwa za thanzi la ana awo m'dziko lachilendo.

Kuteteza wa mafano masiku athu

Last kwawo anatsegula pristine chithunzi Bogoliubsk mafano, anapanga maluwa ndi modabwitsa zokongola. Choncho, Virgin Mary akufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a zovala wobiriwira ndi imvi mkanjo ndi chofunda cha njerwa ndi. Maso a Virgin - buluu ndi masaya - modabwitsa yowala manyazi. Komabe, mu mawonekedwe, chizindikirochi anadziwika posachedwapa. Pakali pano, chithunzichi primordial ntchito anabisa zigawo zambiri za utoto ndi phula, chikangoperekedwa ndi lokonza m'mbuyomu.

Popeza kuti chachikulu Russian chizindikiro ndi mu mkhalidwe chiwonongeko, analemba mu 1915 wotchuka Byzantinist NP Kondakov. zithunzi kunachitika mu 1918 chifukwa mayesero kutsegula mawu ake. Komabe, mu 1946 kubwezeretsa F.A.Modorov katswiri msonkhano "mtima" wa utoto wosanjikiza paraffin molakwika osankhidwa luso lawo limene zimakhudza kwambiri zoipa chikhalidwe cha kulipira zinthu zakale. Choncho, mu 1956 chizindikirochi kunditumiza ku nyumbayi, kumene akatswiri ochokera mapeto zimene zadzaza ndi otentha phula kwambiri anakula ubwenzi ndi utoto phunziroli. Motero, anaganiza atamva paraffin wosanjikiza fano. Kwa zaka 20, m'nyumbayi lokonza kuti kutsukidwa padziko chizindikirochi lochokera ku sera, koma debilitated gesso ndi utoto ndi nthawi ankaganiza khalidwe la zoti sizingasinthe.

Momwe zithunzi litamkiramkira pambuyo amasungidwa mu Mfundo Cathedral mu Vladimir kuphwanya kutentha ndi chinyezi chifukwa chosasamala cha ndodo wantchito. Mu 2009 chizindikirochi unasamutsidwira Vladimir-Suzdal Museum, komwe boma chithunzi ankaona zoopsa.

Segdnya Bogolyubovo chithunzi cha amayi anali mu mwapadera okonzeka chipinda ndi owonetsera zakale conservators kodi sindingathe kulonjeza kuti aipereke kwa anasonyeza m'tsogolo.

akachisi Russian m'malo Bogoliubsk zithunzi

Atatu a tchalitchi anamanga ku Russia: Cathedral Bogoliubsk Amayi a Mulungu Bogolyubovo mu dera Suzdal, chigawo Michurinsk Michurinsk ku Tver - mu Vysokopetrovsky obisika.

Kuwonjezera matchalitchi mu dziko anamanga matchalitchi 12 dzina lake Bogoliubsk zithunzi - mwachitsanzo, mu Dobrynin (Sobinsky District), mu Pavlovsk (St. George ndi chigawo Paulo), mu Shustin (Kolchuginsky District), mu Boldin (Petushki chigawo), mu mzinda wa Ivanovo ndipo Tarusa, masekondi. Teterinskoe (Nerekhtsky District), mu Krasnoyarsk ndi midzi ina Russian ndi mizinda. Moscow Chapel Bogoliubsk Amayi a Mulungu ali Kalitnikovskaya manda mu Davydkovo ndi Nkhanza nsanja.

Kuwonjezera Cathedral, dziko la Russia tinamanga matchalitchi 69 polemekeza chizindikirochi.

Akachisi a Moscow, kusonyeza Bogolyubsky chizindikirochi

Mu Moscow, Moscow Bogolubskaya akulemekezedwa chithunzi cha Virgin, anaika pamwamba pa zipata za chinatown. pazipata izi zili pafupi ndi St. Peter ndi Paulo Yauza chipata pa Kulishki, pa St. Peter ndi Paulo Lane, 4, kumanga 6.
Moscow mafano anali utoto chaka chomwecho ndi original - mu 1157. Pa mwambo wa chizindikiro cha masiku atatu kuchotsedwa pachipata ndi mapemphero ake.