Unsembe wa moto yimitsira basi (yimitsira wagawo)

Palibe munthu ayenera kukuuzani inu momwe oopsa moto uliwonse, ndi zovuta kulimbana ndi moto, chimene chingathe maola ochepa kuwononga zotsatira za zaka zambiri ntchito ya manja a anthu ndi munthuyo. Komabe, ilo lisanakhale. Komabe, nthawi ikuyandikira, ndi kuti sayansi akufotokozera. Masiku ano, anthu aphunzira kuthana ndi moto ndi kudziwa za kuopa moto pa nthawi imene lawi anaonekera chabe, ndipo zinthu ndi n'kosavuta. Zonsezi zinayamba kutheka mkubwela kwa oterowo chipangizo monga unsembe wa moto kumenyana basi.

Ndi chiyani icho? ndi zolinga zotani?

KA makhazikitsidwe chothetsera moto, monga ulamuliro, ndi mbali ya zipangizo zovuta cholinga kuonetsetsa chitetezo ambiri moto wa nyumba kapena dongosolo. cholinga chawo chachikulu ndi kuteteza kufala kwa lawi ndi kujowina kulimbana ndi zinthu mu magawo oyambirira.

zipangizozi ndi optional zigawo za dongosolo moto wozimitsa. Komabe, pa maofesi amenewa, komwe ngozi ya moto ndi kufalikira mofulumira malawi ndi pamene palibe kuthekera kwa munthu achoke pangozi ya anthu Shackleton m'dera la chiwonongeko moto, basi moto yimitsira system (uPA), tikhoza kunena chabe irreplaceable.

Makinawa moto kumenyana dongosolo angatchedwe ya zipangizo, zomwe amadzipweteka yekha adamulowetsa pamene choposa ankalamulira magawo kutetezedwa zone ndi zinthu za pamakomo.

Chinthu chapadera mwa zipangizozi - kuphedwa kwa ntchito yawo monga moto Alamu basi. zinthu zimenezi nthawi zambiri m'gulu dongosolo ambiri kumenyana moto, awonetsetse Kupambana kwa imodzi, ndipo makamaka zolinga zingapo, zofunika kwambiri zomwe ndi:

- kuwonongedwa kwa moto mu chinthu kutetezedwa ku nthawi pamene mfundo zoŵaŵitsa anafika zinthu poyatsira;

- kuwonongedwa kwa moto moto abwera malire a zomangamanga pa nyumbayo;

- kuwonongedwa kwa moto kale kuposa kukanadzapangitsidwa kuwonongeka pazipita katundu ndi chuma makhalidwe;

- kutha njira kuyaka pamaso pali ngozi chiwonongeko cha processing mayunitsi, amene chinthu kutetezedwa.

Komanso, mwa ntchito zofunika zimene ayenera kuchita basi dongosolo moto wozimitsa, pali monga thandizo mwadzidzidzi kuonetsetsa kukhala malo abata anthu kukhala pa malo.

Mitundu ya makhazikitsidwe alipo makina

Pa nthawi, pali njira zambiri kwa makhazikitsidwe basi nkhondo moto. Mukhoza m'kagulu mu njira zingapo. Ndi mamangidwe zipangizo zimenezi zingakhale akaphatikiza, yodziyimira payokha, chigumula ndi sprinkler. Mwa njira ya wozimitsa moto, angakhale bulky, ndi malo m'deralo.

Mwa njira ya actuation (kapena choyambitsa) akonzedwa, iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu Buku, basi ndi mitundu yosiyana actuators (magetsi, hayidiroliki, pneumatic, makina, kuphatikiza).

Malinga ndi chinthu ichi, monga inertia ndi, basi moto wozimitsa unsembe akhoza kugawidwa mu ultrafast, mkulu-liwiro kapena otsika inertia, inertia sing'anga ndi kuchuluka.

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, makhazikitsidwe wozimitsa ali m'magulu malinga yonse ya wothandizila moto wozimitsa. Iwo akhoza pulsed, lalifupi, sing'anga ndi nthawi yaitali kanthu.

Komabe, mwa akatswiri ndi ogula wamba pakati odziwika ndi gulu la mtundu wa mankhwala ntchito wozimitsa lawi. Malinga ndi chinthu ichi, basi moto Alamu ndi moto kumenyana unsembe akhoza kugawidwa mu madzi, thovu, kutsitsi mpweya ufa ndi nthunzi.

thovu zochokera unsembe

Makinawa unsembe thovu moto kumenyana ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zina zikuphatikizapo kuti makinawa kusintha ufa wa zikuchokera zenizeni mu thovu (otchedwa sprinklers kapena magudumu nthunzi). Komanso, thovu zomera (makamaka mu chitoliro moto) ayenera kuperekedwa kwa kupezeka kwa muli wapadera kapena akasinja, imene maganizo amasungidwa kwa kupanga thovu kapena kale kukonzekera chiphunzitso.

Kugwiritsa zikuchokera atha ndipo yokonza chithovu mwachindunji m'kati wozimitsa moto - n'chachikulu awiri osiyana opaleshoni mfundo AUPT. Pakuti aliyense mwa njira zimenezi yodziwika ndi onse mbali zabwino ndi zoipa. Mukayandikira mzere wa pakati pa iwo ndi mwangwiro lachabechabe, tinganene kuti unsembe wa moto kumenyana basi, imene simuvutika kukonzekera thovu ndi madzi ndi sankachita, adzakhala aluso pofuna kuteteza zinthu lalikulu.

Unsembe ndi wokonzeka ntchito atangochimwa zikuchokera yabwino kwa anthu onse a moto kwa malo aang'ono wa chinthu, chifukwa pali zolephera zingapo zimene zimasonyeza pa yosungirako mokwanira lalikulu buku la misa thovu. Pakati kwambiri tingaone motere. The zikuchokera komaliza ali wamng'ono alumali moyo, mwachitsanzo. E. Iwo ayenera m'malo zonse, zomwe kumatanthauza kuwonjezeka mu mtengo ndalama (zomwe ndi njila kwa kukula kwa thanki). Komanso, ngati mutu ankafunika kupereka moto madzi, safuna tinganene kuti aganyali kumanga nkhokwe zazikulu. Komanso, funsani thovu zikuchokera ndi simenti si zomveka, ndiye adzakhala ndi kuphimba nkhope lamkati la chidebe cha kasungidwe epoxy utomoni wonunkhira, amene kachiwiri, kumawonjezera mtengo. Inde, akasinja ndi lalikulu kwambiri complicates ndondomeko yotaya chithovu akale ndi m'malo ndi wina watsopano.

Makinawa unsembe wa thovu wozimitsa kuonekera bwino kwambiri mwa mawu a ntchito mankhwala ndi petrochemical zomera, imene kusungidwa kwambiri zakumwa flammable. Komanso wolungama ntchito zawo mu malo ndi limatifotokozera ndi njira, ndiko, pamene pali zambiri anthu ochepa ndi zosatheka mwamsanga kuchoka mfundo zakuthupi.

kachitidwe madzi nkhondo moto

Makhazikitsidwe kuti ntchito madzi wosinthasintha kwabasi poyerekeza ndi ena onse, chifukwa iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene chitetezo cha anthu ndi kuthekera ndi achoke mwadzidzidzi ndi cholinga, kuposa ena onse (maudindo, boma ndi zina zotero. D.).

Makhazikitsidwe kuti ntchito madzi wozimitsa moto, akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: m'deralo (sprinkler) ndi kuteteza nyumba yonse wonse (chigumula).

Makinawa unsembe wa kachitidwe sprinkler (kwa English sprincle - "drizzle akukhavukira") yatenganso dongosolo kwathunthu yoyenda yokha ayankhe. Pamene boma mu Msikiti pamwamba wotetezedwa mfundo kuwonjezeka izo kutentha (UAPT) paokha adamulowetsa ndipo akutumiza ndege ya madzi finely atomized pafupi zotheka gwero kutentha.

Ngati inu kusankha UAPT adalipo madzi maganizo awo, m'pofunika kulabadira mtundu wa wagawo ulamuliro ( "youma" kapena "chonyowa"). Woyamba zimagwiritsa ntchito mu zipinda unheated ndi zipangizo, ndi wachiwiri ( "chonyowa") - pamene kutentha konse pansi pa ziro.

Chigumula unsembe wa moto wozimitsa (basi), mosiyana sprinkler konse yoyenda yokha. Iwo nthawizonse ntchito mu tandem ndi dongosolo moto alamu imene imayendetsa iwo. zipangizo Chigumula sali okonzeka ndi zimatulutsa, womwe kudziwa malo gwero la kuchuluka teplootdeleniya ndi agwirire ntchito pamodzi umenewu. Zokonda awa kuntchito ali ndi madzi onse padziko likupezeka mu Malo otetezedwa.

Ngati zokonda zapatsidwa kwa options madzi UAPT, tikumbukire kuti madzi amatha kuchita ndi mankhwala ena organometallic ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa cha zochita zimenezi zingakhale amasulidwe poizoni mu mlengalenga, zomwe, ndithudi, adzalenga zinthu zimene zingawalepheretse achoke ndipo akhoza kuwononga thanzi lawo. Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito basi madzi mtundu moto wozimitsa makhazikitsidwe zambiri zosavomerezeka kwa iwo akutsutsa mtundu mafakitale kumene nawo malasha, chitsulo, chitsulo carbides mu m'zinthu sayansi ndi mamita P. Komanso, zotsatira anakhumba zimatheka milandu. Kumene madzi UAPT adzatero ntchito kuthetsa lawi m'madera amene zasungidwa madzi flammable ndi kutentha kuyaka pamwamba kuposa madigiri 90.

unsembe TRV

Pakali pano, Kutacha bwinobwino ndipo anayambitsa wapadera umisiri wa ntchito kwa unsembe wa moto wozimitsa. mbadwo watsopano wa zipangizo basi si ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza zonyalazo madzi zilipo pamwamba ndi madzi ndi sprayed mu m'malovu yaing'ono mwachindunji mu lawi la. Ukuphwera madzi, potero yolumikiza moto. Zida oterewa amakonda machitidwe madzi nkhungu moto wozimitsa (TEV). Kuwonjezera ankameteramo ubweya wa lotseguka moto evaporation wa kumam'phunzitsa madzi chinawonjezeka vaporization. nthunzi ndipo iwonso, kuchepetsa kuchuluka ali ndi akachita malo ufulu mpweya chotero limaleka kuthekera njira kuyaka. The chifukwa cha apparatuses ngati kukhudzana ndi pazipita kutanthauzira wa gwero la moto, kupatukana kwake ndi ikutha wathunthu wa lawi la.

Makinawa moto wozimitsa ndi ntchito ya ntchito atomization luso bwino malo amenewo kumene kusungidwa madzi flammable ndi nyimbo. Komanso, monga AUPT amatha kulepheretsanso kuyaka amayamba ndi kusintha mwadzidzidzi mu mains voteji. Zikatero zambiri kulimbana moto ndi wozimitsa zamagetsi pansi voteji. Popereka madzi sprayer ndi chinthu moto pa mtunda wa mamita osachepera 1 chovomerezeka voteji mfundo akhoza kufika mpaka 36,000 V.

Komanso, mtambo m'malovu chabwino kwambiri cha madzi - absorbent chabwino kumangako awiri carbon monoxide, phulusa ndi tinthu ena amene akhoza kuwononga kwambiri ziwalo kupuma anthu. The ndondomeko ya wozimitsa unsembe TPB sizitanthauza kuti achoke kwa anthu (ngati n'koyenera) ndi chitetezo katundu.

Pakati pa zovuta pang'ono mwa zipangizozi - kulephera ntchito malo komwe kuli munthu wakhudzana ndi mankhwala organometallic.

Akukwanira mtundu mpweya

Modern liquefied Freon kapena wothinikizidwa asafe, argon, Inergen zingathandize munthu anadzakunda moto malo amenewo kumene n'zosatheka kuti zolinga zimenezi kuyesetsa madzi (malo, kumene kungakhale yochepa dera zapamwamba mauthenga, malaibulale, zakale, luso).

Mu malo otetezedwa ndi mpweya moto yimitsira wagawo, pa zosayembekezereka wa kudzipheralo mfundo ayenera m'gulu zipangizo ndi njira kuwala (mawu akuti "Mafuta - chokani" Ndipo "mpweya - musalowe") Ndipo phokoso la zindikirani moto. Zimenezi ndizo zofuna za dongosolo GOST.

Unsembe mpweya moto yimitsira (basi) amalola kumene chitukuko cha moto n'zosatheka mfundo. Ichi ndi yabwino kwambiri m'madera ndi chiopsezo kufala kwa lawi. Ngati malo a moto ndi ang'ono ndi sikutanthauza oyamba mabuku yaikulu ya gasi, moto kumenyana ndi zotheka ngakhale popanda achoke isanafike. Komabe, dziŵani kuti mafuta Mlingo lalikulu kungachititse kuti thanzi la munthu.

Gwiritsani makhazikitsidwe mpweya chothetsera moto wolungama milandu moto m'madera magetsi pa CHP ndi TPP (wozimitsa magudumu ngati ntchito yozizira haidrojeni-mtundu) kwa zinthu kwa kupanga zipangizo mosavuta flammable, mu zoyendera wautali, mu malo ndi makhalidwe abwino. Mu malaibulale komanso zinthu zochititsa chidwi angagwiritsidwe ntchito makhazikitsidwe amenewa pamene kusungidwa zakale ndi curiosities pansi pa galasi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti unsembe si basi moto wozimitsa mpweya ofotokoza zipangizo zothandiza kodi kuwotcha popanda mpweya mu ndondomeko imeneyi. No chipangizo ngati ntchito pa nthawi imene zinthu sachedwa kuyaka padera ndi kusonkhezera (tchipisi matabwa, labala, thonje, ndi zina zotero. P.), Kwa mitundu ina ya zitsulo kuti akhoza kutani ndi mpweya zipangizo pyrophoric.

ufa moto wozimitsa makhazikitsidwe zochokera

Panopa kaŵirikaŵiri (80% milandu), onse kale anafotokoza mitundu kachitidwe basi moto wozimitsa amakhala otsika UAPT ufa mtundu. Izi kupingasa ntchito chifukwa chiwerengero cha ubwino. Choyamba, zipangizozi ndi mosalekeza zokwanira (mwinanso ntchito Kuthetsa magetsi). Chachiwiri, reagent alumali moyo motalika kokwanira, apeze chinthucho ndi zambiri zovuta. Komanso, monga UAPT malire mkulu kutentha, ndipo iwo sanali poizoni.

Unsembe mtundu wa ufa zakutha kulimbana moto, Maphunziro A, B ndi C, amene kwambiri timapitiriza mwayi awo liquidation wa moto mu malo akutali, kumene nthawi zina inu kudikira kuti atithandize kwa nthawi yaitali.

Unsembe wa zodziwikiratu moto wozimitsa ndi ntchito ya ufa ndi mogwira moto mafuta ndi ikukoka maofesi, pamene ntchito mfundo magetsi ndi mfundo. Komabe, mukufuna sati zimatheka ngati zipangizo moto, amene kuchirikiza ndondomeko imeneyi sayenera mpweya, komanso amene sachedwa kuyaka padera ndi kuwonongeka.

The chipangizo wozimitsa moto ndi yosemphana ndi machitidwe protivodymovoy mpweya wabwino. Ndipo kuyambira yotsirizira ayenera kupezeka kumene anthu amakhala, ndiye gawo la ufa udzayesedwa UAPT mafakitale maofesi, malo ndi ngalande.

kutsitsi-mtundu zida

Makinawa unsembe wa moto aerosol - ndi chipangizo osakwatiwa-cholinga. Iwo sangakhoze ntchito wozimitsa moto zinthu zingakhale woopsawo, komanso komwe anthu nthawi zonse. The zikuchokera kwambiri aerosol ndi kwenikweni vuto lililonse ndipo sangathe kum'vulaza iliyonse yaikulu. Komabe, yoyendetsa autonomously, basi moto Alamu unsembe ndi moto ofotokoza aerosol salola anthu kuona kumene njira kuthawa.

Chifukwa Mwachangu mkulu wa awa UAPT moto okwana Kupha anthu awo akhoza kudikira mu nyumbayi. Koma m'pofunika kutsatira ndi kukhwimitsa zofunika popewa kuphulika yokha makhazikitsidwe chifukwa mkulu wakewe umafuna oscillation matalikidwe ndi kulemekeza kutentha kunja.

Zipangizo kutsitsi-mtundu bwino kutsimikiziridwa kuti tidziteteze chofunika kuzimitsa moto, chikwiyire ndi zolephera mu magetsi. Kugwiritsa mitengo imeneyi ndi ulamuliro wa chiyambi cha moto munthu. Ndi abwino kwa chitetezo moto galimoto lalikulu, maofesi mafuta, ndi zina zotero N..

Komabe, yaotomatiki moto wozimitsa unsembe ndi kusonyeza ntchito aerosols sangathe wokonzeka kuthana oipa mu zigawo wamkati (porous, fibrous zipangizo), ndipo kuyaka popanda kukhalapo kwa mpweya.

Unsembe ntchito yoyenda yokha mvetsetsa

Hereinabove anafotokoza, nthawi zambiri, basi atathana moto wozimitsa, koma pamodzi ndi iwo pali mfundo dongosolo ndi yoyenda yokha ndi moto nkhondo. Ndi chiyani icho?

dongosolo Autonomous yekha ndiye angathe kupeza cholinga cha kuchuluka kutengerapo kutentha ndi kusankha kufunika yambitsa ndondomeko moto wozimitsa. zipangizozi akhoza kwathunthu zimachitika UAPT madzi ndi mpweya mitundu. m'magulu otere nthawi zambiri zida ndi zipangizo zotha wapadera kuti ali tcheru kukwezeka kutentha kapena kudziwa particles analemba mu mlengalenga zikuchokera. Ngati zinthu izi mapulani masensa kupereka chizindikiro kwa gulu yekha kwa kusanthula ndi malamulo kutsegula kwa cholinga cha ntchito ndondomeko (mu nkhani ya chiopsezo zoonekeratu moto). Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makhazikitsidwe ndondomeko zingasiyane pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri aligorivimu okhazikika "chizindikiritso - pempho - kutsegula".

Choncho, zigawo zikuluzikulu kumangako za thupi makhazikitsidwe yoyenda yokha basi moto wozimitsa, ndi chipangizo kudziwika ndi kuthamanga ndi zoona, chipangizo kwa mwachindunji moto wozimitsa. Woyamba, ndithudi, angatchedwe zofunika unit wa batire unsembe. Ndi kupeza zipangizo ndi kuthamanga monga zoyesera moto zokuzira batire kapena mphamvu kupoletsa electromotive mphamvu ntchito koyilo kupatsidwa ulemu. Komanso, zipangizo zikuphatikizapo lama fuyusi, ndi ufa thermally amayambira.

Komanso, kawirikawiri makhazikitsidwe yoyenda yokha amaperekedwa kwa dongosolo Buku Launch limene limathandiza mayendedwe yambitsa popanda kudikira kaye kuti kutentha m'dera kutetezedwa kuposa phindu yovuta. Ntchito Izi kwambiri, kwambiri, chifukwa munthu akhoza zambiri amaona ndipo angachite zizindikiro za moto osauka (malungo, kununkhiza, utsi, ndi zina zotero. N.) kale kwambiri kuposa kupanga dongosolo mawotchi masensa.

mtengo osiyanasiyana

Khazikitsa basi atathana unsembe moto kumenyana kuteteza nyumba zawo, ndikofunika moyenerera, osati pofuna kupulumutsa kumene sikuloledwa, koma popanda kuwononga ndalama zoonjezera, chifukwa moto - chodabwitsa yosowa ndi yokonza wozimitsa moto zachuma poyerekeza ndi kufunika kwake koyamba.

Masiku ano, ambiri yotchipa ankaona UAPT ufa ndi aerosol mtundu, monga kuwononga mpaka kalekale kwa chuma ndi ambiri oopsa kwa zomera ndi nyama. Pang'ono zodula makhazikitsidwe mpweya ndi: palibe kuwonongeka kwa katundu, koma pamafunika kusindikiza malo ndi chisanadze achoke kwa anthu. Thovu unsembe zodula, koma zambiri sizigwira ntchito pa ntchito yomanga nyumba payekha ndi abwino malo ndi hangars ndi katundu.

Zodula kwambiri akhoza dongosolo tonkostruynogo kutsitsi wa madzi, zimene siziri mwa njira iliyonse kusokoneza achoke kwa anthu, lolani bwinobwino ndi moto mu chipinda mpaka Kupha kwawo okwana ndipo musati avulaze ndi mfundo zakuthupi. M'malovu a madzi ochepa kuti kukhudzana ndi lawi ukuphwera asanafike pamwamba. Komanso, malasha ndi kwaiye mu ndondomeko wozimitsa, amene kumathandiza kufala kwa moto ndipo kumachepetsa kutentha mu chipinda.