Veliky Novgorod: odula manja. Veliky Novgorod: ndi chizindikiro makono la mzinda?

Magwero amakezana mbiri amati pamene Varangian kalonga Rurik anabwera ufulu m'mayiko a Asilavo wakale, panalibe Novgorod. Chovala manja a mzinda - gwero la zinsinsi izi ndi umboni, yankho limene kumenyana mibadwo ya ethnographers ndi mbiri yakale. Zovala za manja anaonekera kuchokera zikamera oyambirira nthawi Novgorod zizindikiro heraldic.

Kusindikiza Novgorod Republic

Mu zisindikizo osiyanasiyana amene anamasuliridwa ntchito kukapempha mapangano malonda amalonda Novgorod ndi amalonda ena ndi chifukwa chiyanjo cha zimenezi ndi malamulo a mabwalo Novgorod, ntchito yaikulu chithunzi zisanu: Iisus Hristos, wokwera, msilikali phazi, nyama ndi mbalame. Pakati pawo ochitapo monga malaya yamakono ya manja Veliky Novgorod - wachifumu, zimbalangondo ziwiri, nsomba.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Zithunzi zofanana kuonekera pambuyo analanda dziko chomaliza cha Novgorod ku Moscow State mu nthawi Ivana Groznogo mu mawonekedwe a anapanga 1565 pa behest a mfumu kusindikiza Novgorod kazembeyo. Mu mawonekedwe zinafika lalikulu boma chisindikizo cha Ivan IV. Iye anafotokoza ngati "malo" pa izo - ndodo, pa dzanja limodzi - chimbalangondo, ndi zina - amphakaŵa, pansi - nsomba. "Place" umatchedwa Veche "digiri" - Imani ndi masitepe, amene akatulukire kwa anthu pa misonkhano Mzinda Wonse wa Republic Novgorod.

kutanthauzira osiyana

Zovuta ndi zachilendo zizindikiro, zimene limapangidwa malaya Novgorod, ali kutanthauzira zosiyanasiyana. Ofufuza onse kukonza mafotokozedwe ochiritsira kuti maonekedwe a zimbalangondo chifukwa kuli mwa amitundu amene ankakhala m'dziko Novgorod, mwambo mwa nyama zimenezi ndi nsomba akuimira zamanja wakale wa anthu amene ankakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja Ilmen, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ake ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana.

Mumadziwika view kuti zilembo za pa chisindikizo cha Ivan IV, ndi kuopseza anthu ufulu kukoma a Novgorod Moscow tsar. Ndodo anaika pa veche olankhulira zikutanthauza ulamuliro wa boma ku Moscow autocrat pa zolinga Republican wene. nyama zakutchire mbali zimaimira mphamvu ya Moscow kalonga ndi miyeso Chilango, loyembekezera osamvera. Pisces likuimira madzi, kumene iwo amene angayerekeze nkhondo ufulu adzaponyedwa. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, nsomba ngati chizindikiro cha Yesu - umboni wa mphamvu wachifumu thandizo kwa maulamuliro apamwamba.

Atangochoka maonekedwe a zochitika Great Chisindikizo Ivana Groznogo zinachitikadi monga ena kutsimikizira kulondola kwa anthu amene amachitira Novgorod odula manja. Novgorod mlandu Moscow kukhumudwitsa mfumu ndi pansi pacification nkhanza.

"Titulyarnik" Alexei Mikhailovich

Manda zotchuka Russian heraldry za m'ma XVII pali kusinthidwa yomaliza ya zizindikiro za Novgorod, zimene zinachititsa kuti Baibulo chomaliza cha tingachipeze powerenga za. The mural zipsera za Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich odula manja Veliky Novgorod nthawi ofanana kusindikiza wa Ivan IV, koma amphaka mu izo zinachoka, m'malo mwa chimbalangondo chachiwiri.

Collection zizindikiro heraldic, yomwe inali kuperekedwa kwa bambo a Peter I - «Titulyarnik" mu 1672 - nthawi yoyamba ikusonyeza lonse zigawo zikuluzikulu Novgorod odula manja. Analowa Tribune lidzasinthidwa mpando wachifumu womwe unali ndi ndodo, mtanda ndi nyali, wazunguliridwa ndi zimbalangondo ziwiri pansi - nsomba ziwiri. zosinthika Izi isiyana lino yekha mukulephera kusintha wachifumu (mu kumpanda atatu). Odula manja Veliky Novgorod mu "armorial mbendera ya" Minich (1730) chimasonyeza wachifumu monga tsopano - kuchokera kutsogolo.

Mbiri odula manja nthawi Catherine

Administrative kusintha Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri zinachititsa kuti mapangidwe zigawo ndi governorships, inatheka ndi ziŵalo nkhani heraldic. zizindikiro State anabweretsedwa mu mzere ndi zofunikira za sayansi ndi gerbovedcheskoy wabweza kugwirizana. Odula manja Veliky Novgorod, ikulongosola imene royally ovomerezeka August 16, 1781, izo natenga maonekedwe, amene ankaona tingachipeze powerenga.

Pa nthawi yomweyo iye mwachinsinsi kupewa zolakwa. Malinga malamulo heraldic, mitundu ntchito mu manja anawagawa mitundu iwiri otchedwa tinctures: zitsulo ndi enamel (enamel). Zoyambazo monga golidi ndi siliva, wachiwiri - chofiira (wofiira), buluu, wakuda, wofiirira, zobiriwira, komanso mitundu ina zina. Ulamuliro yofunika kwambiri tincture salola kuika pa zitsulo zitsulo, enamel pa enamel, ndipo mwaiwala ayenera bwino wolungama. Kufotokozera wa chovala zida 1781 lilibe mafotokozedwe amenewa, ngakhale mpando wachifumu golide m'munda siliva.

Metamorphosis nthawi ya kusintha

Soviet heraldry malaya a manja amachotsedwa akupangira iliyonse ya zizindikiro monarchical ndi achipembedzo. Anagwa processing ndi odula manja Veliky Novgorod. Photos of mzinda chiphiphiritso cha nthawi anasonyeza bwanji kuti anali atachotsa mpando wachifumu ndi ndodo ndi mtanda anaika pa izo. zimbalangondo ziwiri inali mbali ya manambala 859, kuyimira chaka cha ku maziko a mzinda. Ulamuliro wa tincture tsopano, koma zochitika sakugwirizana ndi chovala manja a mbiri yakale ya mzinda wakale.

Kukhazikitsanso zizindikiro mbiri heraldic ndinayamba kuzungulira dziko ndi chiyambi cha mbiri yatsopano Russian. Ine ndiri nawo ndi - Veliky Novgorod odula manja ndi mbendera zokha zochokera Baibulo tingachipeze powerenga za m'ma XVIII. Pankhaniyi, kachiwiri, iwo sunali wopanda mavuto mu 2006 linavomereza kuti mwina chifukwa ena, wopanda nsomba chithunzi kwenikweni pansi pa chikopa azure. Only mu 2010, pa pempho la nsomba Novgorod chabwezedwa kwa manja a mzinda, ndipo iye anapeza ovomerezeka, mbiri yakale tione kusunga zinsinsi m'mbuyomu.