Turgenev, "Utsi": mwachidule. "Popelani" Turgenev: Makhalidwe chachikulu cha buku la, chiwembu

Ophunzira tanthauzo la mankhwala zambiri amathandiza mau ake. "Utsi" Turgenev - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito yaikulu osati ntchito za wolemba, komanso chuma ndi mabuku Russian ambiri. Buku ndi chidwi zaluso osati kokha, komanso mfundo umoyo ndale maganizo, chifukwa anasonyeza mavuto ambiri pachimake ndi nkhani zimene Amada anapanga mbali ya dziko Russian wa nthawi kusintha kwa 1860s lapansi.

Lingaliro ndi kufalitsa buku la

Mmodzi wa olemba otchuka Russian ndi I. S. Turgenev. "Utsi" (mbiri ya buku walola kumvetsa bwino cholinga cha wolemba) - bukuli, zimene Ivan Sergeyevich kwathunthu kwambiri anafotokozanso maganizo awo pa nthawi ano. Amadziwika kuti mapangidwe lemba la wolemba anatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma zolemba pamanja anali kufalitsa pa zaka ziwiri: 1865-1867. Mwina zimenezi chifukwa chakuti pa nthawi iyi wolemba analibe bwino za nthawi, tikambirana pansipa.

The lingaliro lalikulu la buku la limasonyeza mwachidule. "Utsi" Turgenev - ndi nkhani za apeze ngwazi ndi nkhani mwamsanga moyo pagulu pakati pa zaka za m'ma.

malingaliro a m'nthawi

Buku inafalitsidwa mu 1867 ndipo anayambitsa mphekesera zotsutsana: otsutsa ambiri amavomereza mfundo yakuti mankhwala palibe yowala zazikulu nkhani kuti anali wafala Ntchito wolemba m'mbuyomu. Komabe, panali anthu amene anali kutamanda chilengedwe cha wolemba wotchuka kusonyeza kuti iye anali wokhoza osati kupereka zamaganizo zovuta mwawo, komanso kusonyeza zinthu amawaganizira pa zimene kanthu akufotokozera, zomwe zikutsimikizira kuti mwachidule. "Utsi" Turgenev - buku za imodzi mwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri m'mbiri ya positi-kusintha Russia.

Pa akulemba wolemba walowa mu kuimba ndi nthumwi za kayendedwe populist, kukana iwo mawonedwe udindo wapadera wa alimi wamba mu chitsitsimutso tsogolo la Russia. wolemba ankakhulupirira kuti nchito imeneyi ayenera kutenga otchuka otsalira. Mfundo pamwamba zagwira kulemba ntchito, zomwe anachedwa.

kulowa

Ndi kafotokozedwe ka zinthu amaika kuyamba mwachidule. "Utsi" Turgenev ndi chosiyana ndi ntchito wakale wolemba kuti si kanthu chikuchitika mu dziko lathu ndi kunja - mu achisangalalo German, kumene nthawi anasonkhana oimira anthu otchuka ndi anzeru. Mu chaputala choyamba owerenga ndi yodziwa kampani, amene akutumikira monga yowala ndi zokongola maziko chikondi chidwi ndi malo amene zipse ndi kukhala kutsutsana ndale komanso za tsogolo la Russia.

Wolemba otsutsa kwambiri ndi satirically imamveka anthu awa, popeza kuti pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo akhoza kuganiza bwino ndi zoweruza kukonza ndi zinthu mkati dziko. M'kati chionekera waukulu wamwamuna khalidwe Litvinov - mnyamata amene alibe kugawana wranglings holidaymakers. Anaphunzira wabwino, kudzakwatirana naye chibwenzi ndi kumanga ntchito zigawo kusintha.

Kufotokozera anthu

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich akutsatiridwa ndi ambiri a m'nthawi yake lolunjika pa zinthu umoyo ndale mu dziko. Cha m'ma 19 atumwi kutsutsana za anzeru anali kodi kupita Russia pambuyo kukonza zazikulu za Alexander Wachiwiri, amene modabwitsa anasintha osati umoyo ndi zachuma, andale, komanso chikhalidwe fano la dziko. Ndicho za izo pali nkhani mu msonkhano m'dera Baden ena Gubarev. Litvinov afika phokoso mu gulu la anthu a udindo osiyana ndi kalasi, amene anafotokozedwa ndi wolemba, ndi mawu achipongwe kwambiri. Tikayang'ana kulongosola, Turgenev Ivan anakhulupirira mtundu uwu zokambirana, akungotaya nthawi. Litvinov chikwiyire ndi wodzitukumula ndi angapo mfundo zabodza pano. Munthu yekhayo amene amakopa ngwazi maganizo ake pachiyambi, - phungu bwalo Potugin. Only naye Litvinov kwambiri kapena zochepa kupeza chinenero. Pali lingaliro m'kamwa mwa ngwazi latsopano la wolemba anasonyeza malo ake poyerekezera ndi mavuto ambiri ofunika nthawi yake.

chithunzi Potugin

M'pofunika, ndiponso maonekedwe a chikhalidwe, monga udindo wake ndi lalikulu, ngati si mu chiwembu, m'lingaliro maganizo a buku la. Pambuyo Kuwulura osati zamaganizo a amasewera komanso ganizo ndale komanso nthawi zoyenera "Popelani" Turgenev. Kodi mankhwala? N'zochititsa chidwi chifukwa organically zapiringizana zokumana maganizo a m'nkhaniyi ndi malongosoledwe a anthu Russian wa m'ma atumwi. Potugin - ndi khalidwe chimene chimatsatira mfundo za makhalidwe Western.

Iye akukhulupirira kuti sitiyenera kudzudzula mfundo Western, komanso kuika kudalira asamakhale otchedwa kudzutsidwa anthu, chifukwa, mu maganizo ake, nthaŵi zonse wakhala ophunzira yogwira mbiri Russian. khalidwe amakhulupirira kuti Sikuti manyazi kapena chikhalidwe Western, kapena kukokomeza wapadera anthu Russian.

tayi

The protagonist a "Utsi" Turgenev pa chiyambi cha mankhwala zikufotokozedwa monga munthu ndi mfundo anayamba ndi moyo wabwino. Komabe, kuti anaziphunzitsa kwa wowerenga naye, wolemba zimapangitsa ulendo zinthu zakale, kuwauza za chikondi chake wosasangalala ndiponso kukhumudwa. Irina bwenzi anamusiya waluntha anthu apamwamba, kutenga malo a wachibale wolemera, yopindulitsa wokwatira ndipo anakhala socialite weniweni. Litvinov nkhawa kwambiri, koma anapeza mphamvu kuti tipulumuke choopsa kwambiri, ndipo patapita chibwenzi ndi mtsikana wokongola Tatiana, amene anali kupita kukwatira. Koma likukhalira kenako, chikondi akale sanamwalire ayi, ndipo pamene mwayi msonkhano mu Baden ndi Irina Litvinova Inayamba kachiwiri.

zochita chitukuko

M'menemo amaphunzira kusanthula maganizo Turgueneff ankaona chomveka. "Utsi" (buku la laperekedwa kwa chikondi mzere, amene kukachita nkhondo ndi mbiri za Ufumu wa moyo mmene anthu anzeru Russian) - ntchito imene mbiri ya mgwirizano pakati pa zilembo zapiringizana ndi makhalidwe a anthu a m'dera limene amakhala ndi ntchito. Irina, ngakhale anakhala wanzeru dona boma, osati anazolowera ku misonkhano ya sing'anga imene anamenyedwa.

Chinali ufulu-wachikondi, wamphamvu, wolimba mtima ndi mokhudza ndi makhalidwe komanso nzeru anaima mutu ndi mapewa pamwamba oimira onse mawu ake. Kungowerenga Litvinov, Irina yomweyo anafika kwa iye monga moona wokondedwa kwa mwamuna wake. Buku "Utsi" ngosiyana liwiro la zochitika. Kodi kwenikweni misonkhano ikatha angapo maganizo akale a m'nkhaniyi kunabuka kachiwiri, kotero kuti ngakhale Litvinov anaganiza kutsirizitsa chinkhoswe ndi Tatiana.

kusiyana

khalidwe ndi umunthu ndi luso thupi la zabwino zonse kuti wolemba anaona mkazi. Tatiana ali wanzeru, wodzichepetsa, wokoma mtima, koma chinthu chachikulu - osiyana zapadera tilinazo wauzimu. Pamsonkhano wina ndi bwenzi lake, iye ankaona kusintha iye kale Anaona kuti avomereze kusakhulupirika kwake. Pambuyo mwachidule mtsikanayo pafupifupi chilichonse asanaganize ndipo pamenepa Litvinov amaima. Mu zochitika zofotokoza undoubted mwayi makhalidwe amakhalabe ndi Tatiana. Iye anapitiriza bata ndi ulemu, sanakhutire ndi bwenzi lake wakale zithunzi aliyense ulemu anatenga kukana kwake chinkhoswe mopepuka. Roman Turgeneva "Utsi", ndi kusanthula zomwe ayenera ali ndi mawu achidule chikhalidwe, akunena za kukongola wauzimu wa mtsikana amene akuvutika ndi kuzunzidwa pambuyo kutha, koma analimbikitsidwa ndi moyo.

chimake

Mphindi kwambiri yomangika nkhaniyo - ndi malongosoledwe mtheradi pakati Litvinov ndi Irina. Onse kutenga lingaliro wosimidwa kuthamanga pamodzi kuchokera dziko wotanganidwa kuyamba moyo watsopano. Komabe, ngakhale mu nkhaniyi ndinkaona kusakhulupirirka ena a maganizo awo: Irina sanathe yomweyo kusankha stepi ino, ndipo Litvinov yekha osati kwathunthu longoganizira, mmene angagwirire ndege ndi momwe moyo naye chinsinsi. Komabe, chigamulo anapangidwa, ndi okonda ziziimba kukhazikitsa.

Koma pa otsiriza, ambiri zikuluzikulu mphindi Irina anakana kuthamanga, kutumiza Litvinov cholemba kufotokoza kuti sangathe kusiya kuwala, ngakhale kudana naye. Komabe, iye ananena sanafune polekanitsa ndi iwo, ndipo anapempha kuti tikhalebe maso awo mu mawonekedwe imene iwo akhala kufikira tsopano.

zotsatira

Kwambiri kuti kamvedwe ka chikhalidwe cha anthu otchulidwa ali mafotokozedwe, yopatsidwa ngwazi Potugin za ubale wawo ndi Irina. Iye ananena kuti iye mwachirendo mu chikondi ndi mkazi uyu, koma kuti chikondi uku kwabweletsa iye yekha mavuto limodzi ndi chisoni. Iye anafotokoza kuti chilakolako mdima ndi Litvinov analangiza kulabadira pa Tatiana, amene ali ndi mtima wa golide ndi wangwiro. The protagonist, anaona kwambiri ndipo anawononga pambuyo zosagwirizana ndi mkwati ndi kulephera Irene. Wosayenera ya woyambayo, ndi kupita ubwenzi chinsinsi ndi wachiwiri basi sangathe. The chisauko ndi kuthedwa nzeru, iye anapita ku Russia, osadziwa mmene moyo, osatinso akuyembekeza mwanjira oti akhalepo pompo.

Pomaliza

Buku "Utsi" chomaliza chimene chimachititsa ngwazi kuti Tatiana, adakhululukira bwenzi lake osakhulupirika, pambuyo popereka ena mafotokozedwe kuti mutu wa bukhu. Pofotokoza kubwerera kwa wopambana mu Russia zikumveka lingaliro limene chikondi chake, mikangano wosatha, kulimba kwa maganizo, malingaliro zachabechabe, anthu wosatha kutsutsana zonse za tsogolo la Russia - yekha ngatimadzi kuti ankakhala moyo wotayirira ngati utsi pa nthawi. Ndipo pamene kutsimikizira kuonekera pa mfundo imeneyi, wolemba walowa zochitika zimene ngwazi za amaona alendo aliyense ndi mtsutso oterowo aukali za tsogolo la dziko. Tsopano iwo anabweretsa kwa maso ake sanena, kukangana za akavalo ndi kusala kudya. Mu chikhalidwe chake iye mwanjira amayamba kuthamanga chuma. Tsopano Litvinov sunamangidwe ntchito wanzeru kusanduliza ndi kanthu pa maziko a zofunika. Iye ngakhale anakwanitsa pang'ono ndipo analipira ngongole bambo ake. Patapita nthawi, ngwazi ya amvela kuti Tatiana akukhala pafupi ndipo wakhala sukulu wamba. Litvinov iye kalata poyankha, iye anamuitana kunyumba kwake, komwe anayamba chiyanjanitso awo.

owerenga

A mbuye woona wa fano ndakatulo ya moyo Russian anali Turgenev. "Utsi" omwe amakambirana lonse zabwino kwambiri, amasangalala anapitiriza kutchuka pakati pa anthu kuwerenga. Anthu ananena kuti ubwino waukulu chidwi chiwembu otchulidwa zokongola, lodalirika chifanizo cha dziko lamkati la ngwazi. Ena a iwo ananena kuti makamaka bwino Makhalidwe aakazi amene anawerengedwa ndi luso makamaka. Anthu amanena kuti kulingana ndi Irina ndi Tatiana mbali yaikulu pang'ono wotumbululuka ndi expressionless. chiwerengero A owerenga kukhulupirira kuti wolemba anapita yovuta kwambiri za anthu a dzikoli, ndipo akukokomeza zoipa za nkhope yake, pofuna kusiyanitsa makhalidwe abwino a Irene. Language ndi kumanga nkhani, palibe wina anafunsa funso lakuti, onse mawu amodzi kunena kuti kalembedwe wolemba ndi zokhala ndi wapachiyambi. Pafupifupi onse kuti, ngakhale ntchito si kusukulu, komabe ayenera analimbikitsa ophunzirawo kuti kuwerenga mokakamizidwa monga mmodzi wa mabuku yabwino ya wolemba. Buku zingaoneke chidwi osati kwa okonda mabuku, komanso mbiri yakale, chifukwa bwino kwambiri anasonyeza nyengo pambuyo kusintha Russia.