Voluntarism. Ndi chiyani icho mu ndale, kuwerenga maganizo ndi nzeru?

Voluntarism. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kumasulira kwa Latin mawu voluntarism (voluntas) - ndi mtundu wa ntchito ndale za nkhaniyi, ozikidwa pa zofuna ndi zokhumba zawo, ndipo amanyalanyaza mfundo cholinga cha zandale. Voluntaryists kuganizira ndondomeko malamulo a zochita mowiriza mofuna kuti si zochokera dongosolo la zinthu.

Voluntarism - ndichiyani? Izi lingaliro Ndi mmene kwa andale ndi gulu liniya kulingalira kwake ndi zochita amene amakhala gloss pa chifukwa, koma kwakukulukulu mumangire. Ichi ndi chifukwa voluntarism monga ndondomeko ndi mwakuthupi prejudicial kuti kusakanikirana ndale ndi kuphatikiza, ndi onse ndi mphamvu zowononga.

Kodi mawu akuti "voluntarism" ndale?

voluntarism Political limachokera ku determinants kunja Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe. Koma makamaka kupatuka pa anthu, magulu chikhalidwe ndi strata zochita za anthu andale ndi boma mizu ya otaya monga voluntarism. Kodi izi ngati si mawu muyeso wa imadalira koyenela, zochokera makhalidwe ufulu wa munthu? Mawu akuti "voluntarism" anali koyamba kwa German Katswiri tennis m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Koma lingaliro la chikhalidwe voluntarist atapereka kale. Atangomva kusiyana munthu ndi anthu kuwonjezeka, kumvetsa voluntarism wakhala wamba.

Mawu "voluntarism" mu kuwerenga kwa maganizo ndi nzeru

Zotsatira nzeru za anthu ndi kuwerenga maganizo amatsutsa mwadala chiyambi cha kulingalira ndi malamulo cholinga cha chilengedwe ndi anthu. Ndipotu, voluntarism amadzinenera ufulu wa chifuniro anthu kuchokera ku chenicheni, idealizes udindo wa umunthu mu mbiri, ndiponso mmene dziko lilili. Ganizo otaya unkagwiritsidwa ku Middle Ages. Koma lingaliro la "voluntarism" mu kuwerenga maganizo anaonekera okha mochedwa XIX atumwi, zikomo kwa W. Wundt - German zamaganizo, sing'anga ndi physiologist.

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya voluntarism mu maganizo,

• zochepa kuzindikira chakuti chifuniro ndi qualitatively wapadera chodabwitsa pakati njira zina maganizo;
• ponena kuti zonse n'zochokera chifuniro cha njira zina zokhudza thupi ndi zochitika voluntaryism - kuti izo ndendende umaimira mphamvu koyamba, potsata basi pa phunziro ndipo alibe maziko cholinga.

Othandiza voluntarism

Malinga ndi nzeru za German komanso sayansi Wundt, zifukwa maganizo afotokozedwa mu kachitidwe volitional, makamaka apperceptions. Wafilosofi ndi zamaganizo James ankanena kuti khalidwe la munthu ndi udindo mu zosatheka chifukwa chosankha mwadala. German zamaganizo H. Münsterberg ankaganiza kuti zidzakhalapo pa mpumulo njira maganizo. maganizo ake imayendetsedwa ndi zina zamaganizo Western a nthawi. Sanaleke kulalikira zimene ndi chibadidwe munthu sangathe kusankha cholinga chawo ndi njira kukwaniritsa cholingacho. Pankhaniyi, voluntarism akutumikira monga zotsatira za ntchito, Ndizapambuyo zokhudza chikhalidwe wapadera wauzimu.