Waya dzimbiri: Mitundu, chodetsa ndi ntchito

tiyenera kupanga Harry Brearli Kubwera kwa zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuwonjezera mchitidwe zitsulo mankhwala otchedwa chromium, anayesetsa kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa kutentha kusungunuka. Izi ndi zofunikira kusintha ntchito migolo zida zankhondo. Pa mayesero amenewa anapezeka kuti aloyi chifukwa ali kusiyana poyerekeza ndi ena. Iwo MUKACHULUKIDWE kukana mankhwala. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mapangidwe padziko filimu ya okusayidi chromium.

Zosapanga dzimbiri kafukufuku inayamba mu 1871, ndi setifiketi woyamba mayina yekha mu 1913. Lofanana ano zosapanga dzimbiri kuti likukwaniritsa zofunikira kwa mphamvu ndi mankhwala katundu, chinapezeka mu 1924, asayansi ku Hartfield banja.

The lingaliro lalikulu la zosapanga dzimbiri

Zilembedwe mabuku kapena zina dzimbiri zosagwira zitsulo ali kalembedwe otsatirawa: "kalasi zitsulo 08H18N10". Izi zikutanthauza m'menemo zili zinthu zotsatirazi:

• mpweya - osati oposa 0,8%;
• chromium - 18%;
• faifi tambala - 10%.

Wosavuta mankhwala zinthu, komanso alipo aloyi ndi zosafunika zina, anthu amanena si oposa 1%.

Waukulu malonda zosapanga dzimbiri

Unapangidwa zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo mankhwala apamwamba monga:

• zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo waya;
• chitsulo pepala ;
• mapaipi a thicknesses osiyana khoma ndi awiri mkati;
• mphako nkhani.

Komanso mipeni banja ambiri ndi mapurosesa chakudya mfundo anapangidwa kuchokera nkhani imeneyi.

Zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo Waya

Ngati wina aliyense mankhwala zitsulo waya opangidwa mogwirizana panopa mfundo Russian.

Ndi nthawi yopanga kanthu monga waya zosapanga, GOST 18143-72. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, ali ndi makulidwe a ku 0,3 6 millimeters.

Chotero waya angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala chomaliza akhoza zina kukonzedwa ndi akamaumba. Ndiye kuchokera kwa izo, lemberani:

• Maulalo unyolo ndi kukula osiyana,
• gululi ndi sitepe yosiyanasiyana ya maselo,
• masika.

Cross-Chigawo cha waya, kawirikawiri chonse, koma mukhoza kukumana chowulungika kapena lalikulu maganizo. gawo cylindrical ndi zothandiza kwambiri pamene ntchito nkhani za ndondomeko ya kuwotcherera wa zosapanga dzimbiri chomwecho.

Zosapanga waya ali zotsatirazi ubwino waukulu:

• kofunikira kwambiri kukaniza dzimbiri kwa chinyezi, aukali mapangidwe mafakitale ndi condensation;
• waya ndi okhutira mkulu wa molybdenum, chromium, faifi tambala, mkuwa, pakachitsulo, vanadium ali mkulu kutentha kukana, kudalirika ndi durability.

Ntchito waya zosapanga dzimbiri

Chifukwa moyo wautali, kukana kuti acidic ndi zamchere TV, waya zosapanga dzimbiri Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito m'njira ziwiri:

• kuluka mu zingwe;
• kuwotcherera;
• Osokedwa mauna fyuluta.

Waya dzimbiri, mtengo umene umasiyana rubles 120 mpaka 350 pa kilogalamu, malingana ndi makulidwe ndi makhalidwe, walandira kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga:

• ukachenjede;
• magetsi;
• mafuta;
• mankhwala;
• chakudya.

waya kuwotcherera

Lonse makampani mankhwala chitukuko chofunika chilengedwe cha zitsulo zitsulo angathe kukhala mawotchi katundu mkulu mu mapangidwe zikuwononga. Kuwonjezera kukana kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana mankhwala chofunika ena mafakitale ndi ngakhale katundu amene zitsulo chingathe kupirira kutentha kwambiri mkulu. Zosapanga dzimbiri zochimwazo kumathetsa ambiri a ntchito. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito makampani chakudya sangakhale zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Mlingo yamakono ya processing wa mankhwala zitsulo chimathandiza kutulutsa katundu zovuta, koma zonsezi simungakhoze kuchita popanda mafupa welded. Zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo waya ntchito mankhwala kuwotcherera pamsonkhano zovuta kuti ongoyendayenda mapangidwe aukali.

The mwayi waukulu wogwidwa ndi waya zosapanga kuwotcherera, ndi pa ntchito za msoko welded zayamba wangwiro, wopanda slags zoipa inclusions parasitics. Pogwiritsa ntchito zosapanga dzimbiri zinthu palokha msoko si poyera kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Malipiro kwa ubwino ndi ndondomeko kuwotcherera Pankhaniyi imavuta kwambiri ndi zinthu - msewu.

Zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo waya ntchito okha kuwotcherera basi. Iye anali ndi wodyetsa basi, pakuti akuchititsa.

Zoni Arc lifike mpweya zoteteza amene displaces ndi oxidizers mwa ichi pali wathunthu msoko prosekanie ndi kugwirizana zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse.

Waya kuwotcherera ndi chilonda mu ng'oma zitsulo ndi kutalika mosalekeza mamita 50. The m'mimba mwake pafupifupi wa ng'oma ndi 50 millimeters. Chakudya ndi kasinthasintha spindle amapezeka waya kupendekeretsa ndi coils awiri. M'ma kudula grooves oblique, amene pali zedi nsinga waya ndi kulidyetsa ilo kwa mfuti kuwotcherera. Pamaso bala lake zosapanga waya bwinobwino kutsukidwa dothi ndi nkhani yachilendo.

Kulemba waya kuwotcherera

Waya amapangidwa anagubuduza ozizira ndi otentha ntchito. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mwatsatanetsatane - yachibadwa ndi mkulu. Zikatero, pambuyo pomanena m'mabokosi, kalata P.

Waya dzimbiri ali kulemba ziwiri zazikulu - zoweta ndi achilendo.

Russian olemba ali view alphanumeric - 10X17H13M2T. The kuti wotsatira wa zilembo ndi manambala zikutanthauza kapangidwe ndi mankhwala ake mkati zikuchokera. Ziwerengero anatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa chinthu chinachake, ndi kalata - amafotokozera yokha. The chidule pamwamba kutanthauziridwa motere:

• 0.1% mpweya;
• chromium - 17%;
• faifi tambala - 13%
• manganese - 2%
• kalata T limasonyeza kuti waya amapangidwa ndi kutentha mankhwala.

Muyezo European ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo alibe olemba yunifolomu ya malamulo. Aliyense amapanga zitsulo setifiketi ya kapangidwe kake.