Wolemba Rimsky-Korsakov: mndandanda wa ntchito. Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich: masewero a ntchito symphonic, romances

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) - lalikulu Russian Wolemba, ndi panyanja Ofisala, mphunzitsi, yogwira membala wa "Wamphamvu ochepa", amene anali bwana kumbuyo V. V. Stasov. Mfundo zimene analemba, amene atenga nyemba folklore Russian, Rimsky-Korsakov anasamutsidwira mu makalasi awo chiphunzitso pa St. Petersburg Conservatory.

Kufotokozera mwachidule zilandiridwenso

Nikolai Andreyevich analemba, iye anakhulupirira yekha kwambiri. Ndipo ndithudi, ndi masewero a fifitini, nthetemya atatu ndi zina symphonic mawonekedwe (zipinda zazikulu zokhala, cantatas, zoimbaimba, Capriccio, kum'sangalatsa), nyimbo amapilira. Izi, mu Mwachidule, mndandanda wa ntchito zake. Rimsky-Korsakov mu Patapita zaka za moyo wake ndi chisoni anati adzakhala manyazi ngati iyiwalika. Koma ayi, ntchito zake amakondedwa acimuuza omvera.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Nikolai Andreyevich anabadwa mu banja wolemekezeka m'tauni zigawo za Tikhvin. Wake mchimwene (zaka kusiyana anali yaikulu - zaka 22) anali ndi panyanja Ofisala, ndi kumukweza Kolya m'ngolo pang'ono ndizitha kuyenda panyanja, bola ngati zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi maphunziro kunyumba. Iye watenga limba pang'ono ndipo ngakhale anapeka, koma nyanja wake nakodola. Atate adasunga maloto ndi zaka 12 wapatsa Mwana Naval Cadet Corps ku St. Petersburg. Apa iye anakomana ndi Italy ndi German za zisudzo, ndipo iye Adadzadzidwa ikupita anakopeka nyimbo. Nditakwanitsa zaka 15, anali kwambiri kuphunzira limba. mphunzitsi wake anayambitsa mphatso mnyamata ndi a "Wamphamvu ochepa" makapu mu 1859.

Ntchito yoyamba

Pa nthawi yomweyo, motsogozedwa ndi Balakirev, Nikolay Aleksandrovich anayamba kugwira ntchito pa Symphony Choyamba, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa mndandanda wa ntchito zake. Rimsky-Korsakov anayamba ake kulemba kwambiri mu zaka 1861-1862. Iye analemba gawo loyamba, Scherzo ndi mapeto. Iye adalonga zoipa kwambiri, chifukwa mu maphunziro nyimbo kale. Rimsky-Korsakov maphunziro sitima Corps ndipo anapita kwa nyanja. Iye anali akuyesera kulemba andante, koma anachedwa ntchito, nthawi zonse kuchita utumiki pa clipper "Almaz" kwa zaka zitatu. Kwa zaka anachiona theka dziko, ndi m'madzi zinachitikira akakula kuoneka ntchito loimba. Pamene Nikolay Aleksandrovich anabwerera mu 1865, Yehova ntchito pa nthetemya wake, mwangwiro Russian mu mzimu, wodzazidwa ndi mitu ya wowerengeka nyimbo. andante makamaka chidwi ndi nyimbo "Chitata ndi zonse." Baibulo yake yoyamba anachita pansi pa ulamuliro wa Miliya Aleksandrovicha Balakireva. Mu 1884 anabwerera ku ntchito pa iye Rimsky-Korsakov. Nthetemya 1 wakhala kachiwiri anatsogolera. Mu mawonekedwe kusinthidwa kuti achite mu tsiku lathu.

Yatsopano penti Wolemba

mtundu National nyimbo, amene anakonda ndi mamembala onse a "Wamphamvu ochepa", m'mawu analengedwa mu 1866 "Overture pa atatu Russian mitu" mu 1867 - mu "zongopeka Chisebiya" ndi chithunzi nyimbo "Sadko". chithunzi ichi - gawo mu moyo wa Wolemba wamng'ono. Apa iye apeza kenako anatchedwa "osiyanasiyana Rimsky-Korsakov a", omwe anasonyeza mitundu loimba la nyanja ndi zinthu za dziko wosangalatsa m'madzi. Mutu wa "Sadko" Patapita mudzapezeka mu opera.

Anyamata nthano

Nthano anapitiriza symphonic Maapatimenti "Antar", imene zovuta nyimbo ndi kayendedwe ka atatu ankagwiritsa ntchito. Izi amalenga wolemba bwino kum'mawa phokoso. Wolemba kawiri anabwerera ku ntchito pa kum'mawa nthano, osati koma zimatheka chifukwa ankafuna.

ukwati

Mu zaka twente-foro 1871-1872 Nikolay Aleksandrovich Ntchito za zisudzo wake woyamba "wantchito wa Pskov", chomwe ndi zochita atatu ndi zojambula asanu. Mu ntchito iyi, zimathandiza kwambiri za mtsikana Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold, ndi limba odziwa ndi aspiring wopeka nyimbo. Iwo akubwera mosalephera. Achinyamata amakondana. Kumva adzasenza iwo kupyola mu moyo, cementing wake 1872 ukwati. 1873 zinali zodzaza ndi staging wa sewero "wantchito wa Pskov" pa Mariinsky Theater motsogozedwa ndi E. Nápravník ndi kubadwa kwa mwana wake Michael.

Kusintha kwa kuonera sewero loyamba

Koma sizinali buku yomaliza ya sewero zakale zomwe linalembedwa ndi Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. "Wantchito wa Pskov" ali ambiri atatu. Ntchito pa zinatha kwa pafupi twente-faifi. Poyamba, mamembala onse a "Wamphamvu ochepa" kwakhudza wolemba achinyamata, makamaka Mussorgsky, amene analemba "Godunov" pa nthawi ino. Mitu ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola akusowa zinthu m'banja, aliyense Wolemba zikugwirizananso ndi mawonekedwe a kulimbana kwa chabwino ndi choipa, onse aumwini ndi apagulu. Nkhani mu opera adaletsa yadzaoneni. wolemba mwadala anasiya kuchuluka kwa Arias ndi ensembles, pafupi recitative. Opera mobwerezabwereza anafunsa mu Russia ndi Italy, ndi Spain, ndi Belgium. Mu Paris, zinali bwino yaikulu pa Russian Diaghilev nyengo.

makumi asanu ndi awiri onse zoyenera ntchito yogwira maphunziro ndi kudzikonda maphunziro.

maluwa a zilandiridwenso

Creative Wolemba nyamuka kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti kusinthidwa mndandanda wa ntchito zake. Rimsky-Korsakov amalenga sewero la "May Night" mu 1880, amene anali ankachitika pa Mariinsky Theater m'manja mwa E. Nápravník. ntchito walembedwa pa malingaliro a wake ndiye mkwatibwi. Iye anaikira ntchito yake Rimsky-Korsakov. Opera "May Night" akupereka womverayo m'nyimbo, azithunzithunzi ndi banja zithunzi wosangalatsa. Bukuli lili pa wowerengeka nyimbo zilandiridwenso.

M'chaka cha 1880, mothandizana ndi AN Ostrovsky ndi chilolezo analandira kupanga mu libretto wa opera "Snow Buthu" kusintha, Rimsky-Korsakov wayamba ntchito. N'zosavuta. Chikhalidwe chonse cha chuma Stelovo cholinga iye. Ngakhale mawu tinali kunena mdierekezi kapena zowopsa zina nkhalango. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa Rimsky-Korsakov predominance mu chidutswa cha nyimbo phokoso kutalika pafupi osiyanasiyana zoimbira kapena mingoli. Ndipo chinachitika chozizwitsa ndakatulo, kumene woyamba yawo kunali kofunika yekha Ostrovsky. Rimsky-Korsakov a "Snow Buthu" ndi zinapatsira ndi kutsitsimuka, kuphweka ndi chiyero cha wowerengeka songs, nyimbo akuchulukirachulukira akhala masika. Loimba oyamba oyamba likunena kasupe kudzutsidwa zachilengedwe. Easy ndi wachisomo mmodzi wa aria woyamba wa Snow Buthu ( "... ndi zipatso kupita"), ndi lyrically malowedwe ake Arietta "Ndamva ndakumvera." Powonekera "Tsalani bwino kwa Carnival" amaphatikizapo anthu kuimba choral nkhani. Kachitidwe koyamba amayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo viscous nyimbo Lola, ndiye tisangalale kuvina-n'kuyamba wosakhwima, chisoni Arietta Buthu "Zimapweteka pano," wachangu, kupupuluma nkhani Kupava "Buthu, ine ndiri wokondwa." Akuchita chachiwiri chimakhala chogwidwa ndi yaikulu epic ulemerero Berendey "Moni kwa inu, anzeru." Modekha anatsanulira dreamy, ndakatulo cavatina Berendey. Mchitidwe lachitatu akutsegula dansi akusangalala "Ai, mu liponka munda". Nthetemya yanthaŵi a "The Gule wa buffoons ndi" muli mitundu yowala loimba, kaimbidwe zosangalatsa. Yotakata Privolnaya Nyimbo ya nyimbo lachitatu Lola "bingu mtambo anagwirizana nazo." Akuchita chachinayi cha kutola tanthauzo m'nyimbo ya Snow Buthu. Mu siteji limatsogolera heroine fano lake osalimba ndi wosakhwima. Rimsky-Korsakov a "Snow Buthu" anamaliza zazikulu chowala nyimboyi.

zidutswa katswiri zeze

Mu 1887, zonse mwadzidzidzi anafa AP Borodin. Wake "Prince Igor" inali isanatsilizidwe. Glazunov ndi Rimsky-Korsakov anagwira ntchito kwambiri pa kusanthula mipukutu ndi kutsiriza ntchito pa opera. M'chaka iwo anali akugwira ntchito mu dziko, koma Nikolai Andreyevich ntchito ankafunika. Iye anali ndi lingaliro kuti sanamusiye kulemba ndi katswiri zeze zongopeka pa Spanish lathu. Capriccio Espagnol Wolemba - Maapatimenti ichi, chomwe ndi mbali 5. Iwo ali, popanda yopuma, ndi kujambula chithunzi cha moyo ndi chikhalidwe mu Spain, maholide ake ndi zilembo wowerengeka. Capriccio - chidutswa cha oketsra ndi kusintha kamvekedwe ndi mosamala kusankha dongosolo melodic. Mbali yoyamba - "Alborada" - zochokera nyimbo Asturian n'kutilola kotulukira dzuwa m'mawa. Pambuyo Imani, pitani kwa "Kusiyana" wa gawo lachiwiri. Iwo zochokera pa kuvina madzulo, amene anamaliza tsiku Asturias. Melody ali ndi khalidwe ndi ubusa, koma kenako akuyamba kuwomba mwamphamvu, kukhumba kugona, ndipo pang'onopang'ono umatsika. Gawo lachitatu womvera akubwereranso ku mutu woyamba - "Alborada". Koma phokoso tsopano omveka wamphamvu. Wachinayi gawo - ndi mokhudza Andalusian nyimbo kuvina. malipenga ake otsegula ndi ng'oma, ndiyeno nkutembenuka pa payekha zeze, zitoliro, clarinet ndi azeze. Onse atamaliza yosadziwika Gypsy kuvina. Otsiriza wachisanu - "fandago wa Asturias" - kuchitidwa ndi oimba lonse, koma nthawi yomweyo anamva trombones. Izi ndi zopambana ndi mofulumira, zimakhudza mphamvu ndi ulemerero wa kuvina. wolemba akubwereranso ku nkhani ya gawo lachitatu, ndipo malamulo akubwereza chiyambi - izo zikumveka mofulumira, chiwawa Alborada.

wongonena kwambiri

Kuyambira 1895 maganizo wolemba wa nthawi zonse titembenukira kwa lowoneka mwamphamvu mitu. awo kukhazikitsa amayamba ndi nthano wokongola wa Gogol Vakula ndi capricious kukongola Oksana. Kotero pali "Usiku woti Khirisimasi." Opera cholandiridwa monga nthano wosangalatsa, imene Nikolai Andreyevich m'gulu zambiri zobwezerezedwanso carols Khirisimasi. Iwo kulimbikitsa zinthu zimene zimasonyeza kuti moyo woona wa Little Russian m'mudzimo. Overture kuti kachitidwe koyamba yomweyo immerses womverayo mu Chiyukireniya frosty usiku. Maganizo, omwe amalimbikitsa zochita anayi, imasiyana malingana munthuyo. Bright ndi chosiririka mdierekezi Solokha kwabasi chibwenzi Solokha - Chub, mutu ndi Sexton. Yoopsa wamatsenga Patsyuk. Akuchita chachinayi zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku moyo ndi kamvekedwe azithunzithunzi, interspersed ndi m'nyimbo. Ndipo mu kolasi komaliza mawu amphamvu "Mu Memory wa Gogol."

Novgorod epic

Mukamaliza, Nikolai Andreyevich yomweyo mu 1895 chomwecho amatengedwa ngati ntchito yotsatira. Tsopano iye ndi kumizidwa kwathunthu mu dziko la epics Masewerera a Nordic. Wosangalatsa katundu wa m'nyumba epic wa anthu Russian kumaonekera za zisudzo zotsatirazi. Mutu wapanga kale lonse watsopano, umene kumupatsa lowoneka ndi zosowa kulira. Kudzoza akuyamba kulemba sewero la "Sadko". Rimsky-Korsakov anakana izo ndi kugawikana mu zochita ndi interludes, kufika zojambula zake zisanu. Wolemba anayesa kulenga epic ku otaya yosalala kanthu, amene anali kukumbukira mzimu wa nkhani wowerengeka yadzaoneni. Imayamba ndi kulowa olemekezeka a oketsra, amene akupereka chithunzi cha m'nyanja Sea. Woyamba chithunzi - lalikulu zithunzi choral kuti kutha ndi Nthabwala ake kuvina. Powonekera yachiwiri inachitika pa mphepete mwa nyanja Ilmen, kumene akhululukidwa Sadko ndi Mfumukazi Volkhov. chikondi chawo duet abwera pakati kumatikumbutsabe wozungulira kuvina nyimbo akaidi ufumu m'madzi. Chithunzi lachitatu chimasonyeza mavuto amene anasiya Lyubava. recitative ake ndi aria wodzazidwa ndi chisoni kwambiri. Mu zochitika chachinayi zikuchitika pa doko kanthu lonse. Choir amakonzekera maonekedwe a Sadko ndi Viking Mlendo ndi nyimbo yake wofooka, Indian ndi Vedenetskogo alendo. Ndipo potsiriza, Sadko amayimba chachikulu ndi achezera Russian nyimbo kuti onse kunyamulidwa. Chithunzi chachinayi itha mosangalala ambiri. Zojambulazo chachisanu ndi chimodzi akamachita nyimbo zikutanthauza nyanja nyanja.
Sadko anaimba kuwala nyimbo zotamanda "Blue Nyanja anaopseza kwambiri." Iye akutenga pa zeze, ndipo iwo amapita onse mu kuvina poonerera. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chikulu chidagundika pa nyanja, nayamba kumira zombo. Starchische-ngwazi agogoda zeze pa Sadko, ndi kalonga wake, ndi Volkhov atumiza kwa Novgorod. Chithunzi komaliza ndi wachikondi kutsanzikana Volkhova amene ayenera kutembenukira mu mtsinje, ndi SADC, ndi msonkhano wake ndi mkazi wake Lyubava. Zikumveka wa duet mosangalala. A nyimboyi wamphamvu anatsiriza opera. Onse kuimba ulemerero wa Sadko, Mtsinje Volkhov ndi buluu nyanja nyanja. "Sadko" ali m'gulu mndandanda wake wa ntchito kwambiri executable. Rimsky-Korsakov, Glinka kuyambira kwathunthu kwambiri m'kukoma wowerengeka kalembedwe ake Russian. Ndipo zimene ambiri chimasiyanitsa kuonera sewero ili la mndandanda wonse, olembedwa Nikolaem Andreevichem - choncho ndi epic recitative.

ntchito amapilira

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov moyo wake kulenga mobwerezabwereza analenga choral ntchito ndi nyimbo. Awo amanenera za makumi asanu ndi atatu. Koma tsopano ife tatembenukira chipinda mankhwala - kum'mawa chibwenzi ( "Kapolo wa Rose Mpheta"), kukhazikika pa mawu a A. Koltsov. Adzaupereka kwa chochitika Wolemba yoyamba m'munda umenewu. Izi languid elegiac ntchito. Nyimbo ya mtundu wake watsopano ndi ufulu. Iwo ngati pali mchitidwe improvisation. Limba gawo kudziwa chikhalidwe chake, amafuna expressiveness amapilira mu lemba pa mawu a. Ntchito anadzakhala maziko ntchito mawu, amene anali kukhala whimsically limba limodzi.

Pomaliza

Rimsky-Korsakov anasiya chuma chachikulu. Koma makhalidwe ake ali kuululidwa kwathunthu kwambiri masewero a pa. Iwo amaonetsa chikondi chake chachikulu chofuna makhalidwe mtundu wa khalidwe Russian, mbiri ndiponso moyo wa anthu, maganizo ake ndakatulo ndi miyambo. Pakuti nthawi yomalizira ya zilandiridwenso amatanthauza sewero nthano "Bakuman wa City osaoneka Kitezh", limene likusimba za zochitika za nkhondo Tartar, ndi Zotengera-nthano "The Golden Cockerel" imene iye anachita zinthu kunachitika cha 1905.

Wolemba anamwalira mu 1908 ndipo anamuika m'manda ku St. Petersburg.