Woyamba mtundu TV. Kodi dzina la woyamba Soviet mtundu TV?

moyo wamasiku ano ndi sangaganize popanda TV. Kukhulupirira kuti kamodzi TV kulibe. Woyamba Kuwulutsa zithunzi patali anaonekera akutali 1880 ndipo ma TV anali zamagetsi. Izo zinali kokha mu 1907 panali njira magetsi kufala kwa fano, ndipo mu 1932 ku America anatulukira TV amagetsi. Atangobadwa zitsanzo woyamba wakuda ndi woyera, asayansi apanga woyamba mtundu TV. Black ndi zoyera mitundu sankaloledwa kusangalala nawo kukongola kwa dziko lakunja. makolo wathu pamaso pa TV chophimba atatu mtundu film, motero kuyesera kusiyanitsa mtundu gamut za chifanocho.

Woyamba kulengedwa patenti

Kumapeto kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi atumwi Russian zatsopano, injiniya-technologist Alexander Polumordvinov zosiyanasiyana zokhuza kuthekera mtundu TV. Zinatheka kumapeto kwa 1899 kupeza setifiketi pa chenicheni Mipikisano wachikuda dongosolo TV. dongosolo ndi analogi panopa. Mu mbiri yonse wakhala amadziwika pafupi makumi asanu ntchito mtundu kufala atapereka ndi woyamba osiyana. Alexander Polumordvinov akufuna chiphunzitso cha view atatu yofiira. Chiphunzitsochi a mtundu maganizo ankatchedwa University-Young-Gelmgontsa.

Akamanena za chiphunzitso cha masomphenya mtundu

Mfundo za chiphunzitso chimenechi n'chakuti ntchito fyuluta (zitatu mtundu), akamagwira fano Mipikisano wachikuda zosiyanasiyana mithunzi. Izi mitundu - wofiira, buluu ndi wobiriwira - ntchito nthawi yathu.

Kuti chithunzi, mbale ziwiri ntchito. Iwo atembenuza imathamanga osiyana mu kufanana. M'nthawi ya galimoto kagawo anapanga pamodzi mizere ya utali wozungulira, ndicho, kuchokera pakati kuti m'mphepete, ndi odulidwa wachiwiri mwa kudula mu mawonekedwe a mwauzimu logarithmic. chiwerengero cha mipata ndi angapo atatu.

Pamene kusiyana pa mbale onse alipo, anali wokonzeka rhomboidal kutsegula, amene anali deploying membala pa kasinthasintha pagalimoto. Kupeza chifano chizindikiro sequentially anatseka anatumbula Zosefera. Iwo ndi chibakuwa, wobiriwira ndi wofiira mitundu. Ndi selenium photocell kuwalako zinawukhira mwa dzenje diamondi woboola pakati, n'kukhala ndi chizindikiro magetsi. Pakati pa ziyerekezo fano zithunzi kuti opatsirana ndi photocell iliyonse imeneyi nthawi inali yoyambirira ija kuti Anatseka mtundu fyuluta ya mtundu uliwonse. Pamene kutsegula yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda kupitirira chimango chithunzi ankatembenukira kutsegula wina mbali ina, amene kuchepetsa ndi mtunda wofanana kusiyana m'lifupi. pabowo ili chidafundidwa ndi mzake fyuluta mtundu wa mumtundu.

Ife tikupeza pamene woyamba mtundu TV

mtundu TV ntchito amatenga Adamyar, Zworykin ndi oyambitsa zina zambiri. Mufufuze chimene woyamba mtundu TV anaonekera mu dziko, lankhulani mu makumi asanu, pamene US kampani RCA anamasulidwa woyamba mtundu TV womwaza CBS rx-40, amene anali ndi jambulani Buku. Kukula chophimba anali masentimita 14 10 pamaso pake anaikidwa chimbale ndi Zosefera, adali ndi maloboti magetsi galimoto. Koma chithunzi khalidwe anali osauka kwambiri. Mu Russia, woyamba mtundu TV linatulutsidwa mu 1954 mu mzinda wa Leningrad. Dzina la chitsanzo - "Rainbow". The ntchito TV Soviet chinali litayamba onsewo anali kubisika mu thupi. Komanso, TV wolandila ali kunja lokulitsira mandala zopangidwa pulasitiki, amene anadzazidwa ndi madzi otchezedwa.

Development wa chindodo pakompyuta

Mu 1950 anayamba kupanga CRT ndi mfuti elekitironi atatu, pa makona a madigiri 120 wachibale wina ndi mzake. TV Izi zili jambulani pakompyuta ndi chigoba kinescope yokutidwa lyuminosforom zithunzi. Atatu mtengo kuchokera cathodes atatu (mfuti) ndi kuti "maonekedwe". Kenako mitanda kumtunda yotchinga ndi zigawo ndi anayatsa wobiriwira, wofiira ndi wabuluu mitundu.

nthawi Westinghouse

Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi mu 1954, Westinghouse anayambitsa woyamba mtundu TV ndi kugonjera izo zogulitsa monga chitsanzo N840SK15. Koma mazana asanu makumi atatu chikalata amagulitsidwa mwezi watha, ambiri akhalabe unsold. Ichi chinali chifukwa mtengo kulephera - 1295 madola US, mwa mawu a ndalama lero - madola 11.200. Ngakhale anathandiza munthu malonda kampani kuti akufuna kulenga ankafunitsitsa kugula woyamba mtundu TV dziko. Komanso, woyamba mtundu TV sizinali zofunikira chifukwa cha irrelevance, chifukwa ambiri a ndimakokedwe imaonekera mu utoto.

Chachiwiri TV mtundu

Kutchuka kuwonjezeka anasangalala RCA CT 100, anamasulidwa mu April 1954. Icho chinali choyamba mtundu TV siriyo. chophimba chake ndi 12 mainchesi. Atha 5,000 ndalama TV $ 1,000. Patapita milungu ingapo, pakampaniyo anamasula TV RCA ndi chophimba 15 mainchesi. Kenako zitsanzo anali kuperekedwa ndi zowonetsera 19- 20 inchi.

Choncho anayamba kukula kwambiri pa TV zambiri zotsogola. mtundu TV msika chikukwera ndipo tsopano lodziwa pamene panali mtundu matelevizioni, olemba mbiri ena amaitchula masiku osiyana. Koma mfundo ndi yakuti - iwo anaonekera zatsopano, anasintha zinthu. General Zamagetsi Company anagulitsa ma TV ndi opendekera mainchesi 15 for $ 1,000, ndipo Sylvania kwa 1150. Makampani ena anapereka ma TV renti. Monga EMERSON renti mwezi woyamba angatenge madola mazana awiri, ndipo ndalama pambuyo pang'ono monga $ 75. Komanso anakumana mu mtengo $ 795 kwa chitsanzo ndi opendekera mainchesi 21. Ndipo zana limodzi zikwi makumi asanu mtundu ma TV anagulitsidwa ndi mapeto a 1957. ambiri zitsanzo TV yapangidwa mu zaka zao za sikisite, zimene zinaphatikizapo "Rainbow" ndi "aganyu". Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri oyambirira chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha HIV mtundu mu United States, mtengo wa matelevizioni ali utachepa kwambiri. Mu 1967, boma la Soviet Union anali woyamba mtundu kufala SECAM muyezo, ndi pa maalumali anaonekera woyamba Soviet mtundu TV, icho chinali kutchedwa "Ruby 401". Iye anali Soviet kwathunthu chitukuko.

Kukula kwa TV mu USSR

malonda zambiri za ma TV ndi fano mtundu wa Soviet Union anabwera makumi asanu ndi awiri a. Monga TV "elekitironi" anali kukula kwa masentimita 77.5 * 55 * 55. TV Izi ndi mbali zonse za mkati, chifukwa icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga shelefu. "Elekitironi" opendekera wa masentimita 59 ndi kulemera 65 kg. thupi TV ali ndi nkhuni wapatali ndi varnish.

Poyambirira, mu February 1957, Bungwe la nduna anaganiza kuti mu 1958 anayamba kuulutsa dongosolo olowa. Shabolovka mu November 1958 anapangidwa OSTST-2. Ndipo mu January 1960, anayamba wailesi zonse za dongosolo NTSC. Ngakhale awiri okha mmera chinkhoswe mu kupanga ma TV. Iwo Leningrad Bzalani. Kozitskogo - "Rainbow" ndi fakitale wailesi Moscow - "aganyu 22". Mu kugulitsa mawailesi akanema sanalandire koma, ngakhale ndalama zawo 4000 zinalembedwa.

Woyamba mtundu Kuwulutsa

Woyamba mtundu kufala Kuwulutsa chinachitika mu 1967, November 7 kudzera anasaina mgwilizano pa mgwirizano wa USSR ndi France. Dongosolo French ankatchedwa SECAM. Mark yoyamba mtundu TV analinso French - KFT.

Mu 1967 anaonekera "Rubin-714," umene unali wotchuka kwambiri pa nthawiyo, monga kukula chophimba kale wofanana ndi masentimita 61.

A nthawi yaitali kukukhala mtundu TV anagulitsidwa ndi mtengo wochepa kupereka ogula mwayi kuti mtundu TV pa mtengo zotchipa komanso kuzindikira ubwino wake.

Pofika kumapeto kwa Mipingo wakhala anagulitsa padziko miliyoni makumi asanu waika mtundu TV mu USSR, monga woyamba kukhala ndi zambiri zitsanzo atsopano njira lapamtima.

Ma TV dongosolo zaka 70-80

M'thupi anachoka nahodilisya thiransifoma, zoikamo mphamvu, wailesi ndi njira selector, ndi pansi pa unit linaikidwa mtundu ndi condensing unit. Kumanja choikidwacho zoopsa kwambiri ndi wamphamvu mwatsatanetsatane - chipika mapanga sikani ndi nyali mkulu-voteji, ndi tiransifoma voteji. TV anatenga mita osiyanasiyana. Kulandira ndi UHF njira linatulutsidwa manambala oyambirira, omwe anatembenuzidwa mitsinje mu umodzi wa mita. Kenako anamasulidwa SKD mayunitsi, omwe analipo mpaka m'ma nineties, kuti pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.

Sitepe yotsatira inali kusamukira transistors, kodi asonkha tchipisi ndi. Nyali salinso ntchito. Ma TV ndi chikuchepa kukula ndi luso mkulu. Tsopano opanga ndi nambala yaikulu matelevizioni zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwayi TV kukula chaka chilichonse - patsogolo sali mu malo.