Woyamba woyera-mwala Kremlin mu Moscow

Chifukwa Moscow amatchedwa mwala woyera? Yankho la funso limeneli, chidwi cha alendo, amadziwa mwina anthu ake, amakonda mzinda wake, ndi kunyadira mbiri yake zazikulu. Dzina likulu iyi inapereka woyera mwala Kremlin mu Moscow mu 1367 yomanga. M'zaka yaitali linakhalapo, linadzamangidwanso nthawi zambiri ndipo wakhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha mzindawo, mtima wake ndi imodzi mwa chidwi chachikulu.

Lero, boma la Russia ndi mmodzi wa okongola kwambiri ensembles mapulani mu dziko, ndi malo pafupifupi 27 maekala theka. Timaphunzira zambiri zokhudza mbiri ya kapangidwe yofunikayi.

Ndi kuthetsa woyamba pa malo a boma la Russia. Moscow m'munsi

Woyamba midzi wakale pa malo boma la Russia ndi adanyamuka nthawi yayitali. Mogwirizana ndi zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, zikwi zisanu zapitazo. Ndipo kale mu VI m'ma AD anaonekera woyamba mafuko Asilavo.

Moscow anali woyamba kutchulidwa mbiri mu 1147. Zinali ndiye kuti Yuri Dolgoruky anaitanidwa msuwani wake Prince a Novgorod-Seversky Svyatoslav ku msonkhano m'tauni yaing'ono malire. chochitika anapita mu mbiri monga tsiku la maziko a Moscow.

Mbiri ya boma la Russia loyamba

nkhani Kremlin akuyamba pang'ono kenako - zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo pake, pamene Dolgoruky wasankha kulimbitsa mzinda ndi makoma aatali. Zinali mpanda paini picket mothandizidwa ndi yaikulu zadothi kutsinde kwa kudalirika wamkulu. Mwa njira, malo kumanga sanali osankhidwa mwangozi. chakuti linga la unali pa phiri lalitali, atazunguliridwa ndi Moscow Mtsinje ndi Neglinnaya. Izi nthawi anaona mdani ndi kumupatsa kumbuyo. Komanso, phiri anatsegula kwabasi kwambiri maganizo a madera ozungulira. N'zochititsa chidwi choyamba Kremlin m'dera anali zinayi mahekitala, ndipo tsopano m'gawo lake chawonjezeka pafupifupi nthawi!

Komabe, drawback kwambiri a linga ichi chinali chakuti linamangidwa nkhuni ndipo motero mosavuta kuwotcha pa moto mwangozi kapena anachita kuwotcha dala. Nthawi yotsatira boma la Russia anamangidwanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIV, pamene malamulo Moscow Ivan Kalita. Iye padera ndalama zambiri, nthawi ndi khama kulimbitsa ndi kukongoletsa mzinda. Pakuti ichi ndi analamula kuti amange mpanda latsopano. zotchinga izi ndi wolimba kuposa zinamangidwa amphamvu kwambiri ndipo wangwiro thundu mbiya. A latsopano woyera-mwala Kremlin mu Moscow inamangidwa pa wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy ngakhale pambuyo zaka zingapo.

Moscow nthawi Dmitriya Donskogo

Wolamulira wotsatira wa Moscow anali Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy. Iye anali chidzukulu Ivana Kality. Amadziwika kuti wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy analondola yogwira mfundo yachilendo, kuwonjezera ndi kulimbikitsa m'dera la Moscow. Komanso, anali kudziŵika ndi kuukira achiwawa Chitata Mongol magulu. Zonsezi zinkafuna latsopano, wamphamvu malinga.

Komanso, monga tanenera kale, boma la Russia akale inamangidwa nkhuni. Choncho, ngakhale kuti Yesu anali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kupirira kuwukira mdani, anatsala kupsa ndi moto. Ndi moto zimene zinachitika mu 1365, anawononga mzinda wonse pansi (nkhaniyo anamutcha dzina lakuti oyera mtima onse, ngati inayamba mu Mpingo wa Oyera). Iye sanalekerere mtengo waukulu makoma a boma la Russia. Ndiye, poteteza mzindawu, wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy akulamula kumanga woyera-mwala Kremlin mu Moscow. Chaka inayake ya zomangamanga - 1367. Izi otchulidwa m'mbiri ya nthawi imeneyi.

Ntchito yomanga woyera mwala Kremlin

Choncho, ntchito yomanga woyera mwala Kremlin mu Moscow anayamba. M'nyengo yozizira iyo lankhosa zipangizo kumanga mpanda wolimba. White mwala anawasema yomanga m'chigawo Moscow, makilomita makumi atatu kwa mzinda. Iye wachita kale ntchito mu Russia ndipo anali mmodzi wa zipangizo otchuka. Mwala woyera anali cholimba ndi wokongola, koma kupanga ake zinali zovuta, ndi ambuye mlanduwo anali ochepa. Choncho, si ankagwiritsa ntchito.

White Stone Kremlin mu Moscow, anali nyumba yoyamba mu Suzdal. yomanga ake anayamba pamene zipangizo zonse anali wokonzeka, ndipo m'chaka 1367. Pansi makoma a mpanda wolimba latsopano anayala maziko olimba, amene mosangalala akuyimabe lero.

yomanga woyera mwala Kremlin mu Moscow (- 1368 kutsiriza) zinachitikadi msanga. mwachangu uyu anali wolungamitsidwa kwathunthu. Ndithudi, atangobadwa mapeto a zomangamanga ku Moscow anali anaukira ndi gulu lankhondo la Chilituyaniya Grand Duke Algirdas. Iye anayima kwa masiku atatu pansi makoma a boma la Russia, koma kuti linga ndipo sadathe. Patapita zaka ziwiri, Algirdas ataukiranso mzinda, komanso sizinathandize.

Mu 1382 mpanda wolimba anaphedwa mwankhanza anaukira Tokhtamysh, chimene chinapangitsa kuwonongeka chachikulu, koma pakatha utabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu. Choncho, woyera mwala Kremlin nyumba, mosakayikira, anali kwambiri mbiri chochitika zimene zinapangitsa kuti chitukuko zina mumzinda ndi mapangidwe ake monga malo Orthodoxy ndi okhala pa Grand Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani.

Zimangooneka ngati woyera mwala Kremlin?

Mwatsoka, izo sizinachitike mauthenga zopelekedwa zatsopano pa momwe tione woyera-mwala Kremlin mu Moscow. Woweruza wa kuti zitha kukhala chifukwa malipoti kuchokera m'masiku ndi zojambula A. M. Vasnetsova.

Amadziwika kuti mpanda mwala ndi nsanja zinamangidwa pa mtunda wautali ku nyumba yakale. Choncho, gawo boma la Russia wakhala kukodzedwa kwambiri. The makulidwe a malinga ndi amanenera anafika awiri - mamita atatu. Ntchito ya zida chitetezo kuchita chemba lonse, kupyolera chimene chimalumikiza lisaoneke.

Makoma anaikidwa munakhazikitsa kuti anali chatsekedwa amphamvu matabwa matabwa. nsanja Six zinamangidwa ndi chiphaso-chipata. Pa Neglinnaya Mtsinje anaponyedwa mwala woyamba mlatho Moscow. Patapita zaka za m'ma hafu pamalo ake tinamanga Utatu, amene akuyimabe lero.

Titamaliza white mwala Kremlin anakhala mpanda wolimba mphamvu kwambiri ku Ulaya. Mwa njira, dera pa nthawi pafupifupi anafika lero.

Kodi kumanga Kremlin latsopano?

About zaka 150 anaima woyera mwala Kremlin mu Moscow. Nthawi zambiri anali anazinga ndi kupirira kuukira aukali. Koma iwo akuzunzidwa kuwononga kwambiri ndi chiwonongeko Koma ngati moto pafupipafupi. The linga makoma mu malo ambiri, wolema ndi sanathenso kuchita ntchito zake zoteteza.

Choncho, mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XV, mu ulamuliro wa Ivan ndi Chachitatu, anayamba zikuluzikulu kukonzanso a boma la Russia. Pakuti otchuka ambuye Italy tinaitanidwa Moscow. The linga anamangidwanso pang'onopang'ono, pa malo akale makoma woyera zinamangidwa latsopano, njerwa zofiira nyumbayi. Ambiri, boma la Russia kukhazikitsanso anatenga zaka khumi. Anamanganso akachisi aang'ono. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa masiku mapulani maonekedwe a boma la Russia.

Kenako, iye ankamangidwanso kangapo. The kusintha woyamba anapangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Boris Godunov, ndiye pansi Peter I. chiwonongeko Great wachititsa boma la Russia kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812. Pambuyo anachita yaikulu ntchito yobwezeretsa. Mu ulamuliro wa Soviet, boma la Russia mobwerezabwereza kumangidwanso, nsanja ija chokongoletsedwa ndi nyenyezi, ndi zitsulo akhala anaika Tsar Cannon ndi Tsar Bell.

Moscow woyera mwala

White Stone Kremlin mu Moscow ankaimira pafupifupi theka la zana. Iye anapirira kuposa wina ndi anthu achiwawa ndi kuzinga mdani, molondola kuteteza mzindawo kwa adani. Ndi kuyamika linga ili Moscow amamuonera dzina la "mwala woyera". Mwa njira, ndi wake tsopano. Koma ochepa mukudziwa kuti boma la Russia anakhalabe "woyera mwala" zaka zinayi pambuyo linamangidwa makoma atsopano njerwa zofiira.

Izi mfundo yachilendo ali kufotokoza yosavuta. Makoma a linga la mwapadera whitened mpaka m'ma XIX. Pa dzanja limodzi, ichi chinali chifukwa nkhawa chifukwa chitetezo cha njerwa, ndi zina - zinali ngati msonkho kwa mwala woyamba Kremlin pansi wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy anamanga. Mwachitsanzo, iye otchulidwa nsaluzi zinkangokhala chinsalu P. P. Vereschagina, analengedwa mu 1879.

Kremlin lero

masiku amenewa mu boma la Russia ndi okhala pulezidenti. Mu 1997, kubwezeretsa zikuluzikulu zinachitikadi mu izo. M'kupita kwa ambiri ndi nyumba ya boma la Russia limzake. Tsopano pa Orthodox maholide akuluakulu pali mautumiki wapadera ndi dera la linga ndi m'mamyuziyamu motsogozedwa maulendo.

Ndipo mwina lero si onse kumbukirani kuti zoyera mwala Kremlin mu Moscow inamangidwa pa wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, koma anthu eni nthaka ku likulu kudziwa mbiri ya mzinda awo ndi akunyadira izo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• The gulu loyimba mapulani a Red Square ndi boma la Russia ndi pa mndandanda wa World Heritage Cultural ndi UNESCO.
• Ngati zaka zingapo zapitazo, linga makoma laimu, koma tsopano zina wodetsedwa ndi wofiira utoto.
• Boma la Russia ndi Europe yaikulu anasunga linga akadali kwenikweni.
• Mu 1941, makoma utoto mawindo. Ichi chidachitika kuti amabisa achitetezo kwa yomanga nyumba.

White Stone Kremlin mu Moscow moyo wake wakhala kusintha zambiri, koma anakhalabe chizindikiro cha Moscow ndi chamtengo wapatali a zomangamanga mzindawo.