Yekaterinburg: anthu

Mu Russia, mizinda 15 okha ndi chiwerengero cha anthu oposa, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo - mzinda wa Yekaterinburg. Kodi anthu ambiri masiku ano amakhala m'mudzi umenewu? Tikambirana momwe kusintha chiwerengero cha anthu, mmene anthu ambiri amakhala kumeneko lero ndi kusintha chiwerengero mu zaka kudza.

malo Hrs

Pafupifupi pakati pa Europe ndi ku Asia, kumalire a ku Ulaya ndi ku Asiya, ili mu mzinda waukulu kwambiri Urals wa - Ekaterinburg. Chiwerengero cha anthu mu izo kwa zaka zambiri kukula, ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa malo yabwino ndi midzi: ndi pa mphambano za ambiri zoyendera ndi ankadutsa.

Mzindawu uli pamalo otsetsereka a kum'mawa kwa mapiri a Ural, kutalika kwake pamwamba pa nyanja ndi 270 meters. Thandizo la mzinda limafanana ndi malo, kumene mapiri, mapiri otsika ndi zigwa, koma nsonga yapamwamba imene ilipo. gawo ndi oyenera yomanga.

Pa gawo la Ekaterinburg zimatengera zitatu mitsinje Iset, Pyshma ndi Patrushikha. Ural dera wolemera mchere, ali ndi ubwino pa chitukuko cha mzinda. Location ali kutali ndi malo a pakati pa dziko, ku Moscow, amalekanitsa 1660 Km. Koma bwino anaika pa mphambano ya njira zambiri, ndipo zimenezi chifukwa chachikulu chitukuko.

nkhani

Mu 1723 ndi chigamulo cha Mfumu Peter Wamkulu anayamba mbiri ya mzinda wotchedwa Yekaterinburg. chiwerengero cha anthu oyamba anali wamng'ono: pafupifupi 4 zikwi anthu. Iwo anali kugwira pansi ironworks yomanga ndi mabanja awo. Mu zaka ziwiri linamangidwa wamphamvu, wapadera zitsulo zomera, ndi zatsopano zomwe sinapite Russia.

Kwa zaka 30 mzinda wakula mu likulu weniweni wa dera migodi. Mu 1807, udindo uwu linatsimikizidwa popereka dzina la "Mountain City" m'dzina la mphamvu, mfumu. Linapangitsa kuti pofuna kukwaniritsa atulukira madipoziti wolemera golide mu mapiri a Ural.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19-20 Ekaterinburg chimakwirira kayendedwe chosintha. Mu October 1917, mu mphamvu Soviet unakhazikitsidwa. Apa watengedwa ku banja Mfumu Nicholas II. Apa, mfumu, mkazi wake ndi ana anawomberedwa mu July 1918. Mu 1924, boma latsopano waganiza Sinthani dzina mzinda, kotero iye anakhala Sverdlovsk. Iye anayamba kunyamula dzina la mtsogoleri yogwira zisinthe.

Mu Soviet Union, Sverdlovsk umasanduka malo wamphamvu mafakitale ndi boma. Mu zaka 30 kuno wamangidwa angapo makampani akuluakulu mafakitale, mayunivesite lotseguka, mzinda pang'onopang'ono limodzi ndi midzi yapafupi, kukonza njira mabasi ndi magalimoto. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Dziko Sverdlovsk anali magulu awiri ankhondo anapanga, magulu angapo a asilikali, amene anapereka woyenera Repulse mdani pa amadzibisa onse. Mu zaka 50 Sverdlovsk akupitiriza kukhala ngati malo mafakitale derali.

Mu 1991, mzinda anabwerera ku dzina lake mbiri. Pambuyo kukonzanso mu Ekaterinburg mwachangu inachitikira malonda, zomwe zimalimbikitsa malo abwino ndi zabwino zoyendera kugula. Iwo amayamba zomangamanga alendo. Today Yekaterinburg - mmodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu dziko. Ndi malo a malonda, malonda, malonda ndi chikhalidwe.

Chigawo Political

Today mzinda wa Yekaterinburg, anthu amene akhala zapita kwa miliyoni mwalamulo anagawa m'zigawo 7: Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, Chkalovsky, Upper Iset, Ordzhenikidzevsky, Kirov, Phunzitsani. Koma mbiri okhala mumzinda gawo la kuthetsa otchedwa mosiyana ndi maina awa malo ntchito zonse mu lathu tsiku ndi tsiku.

Pali mafakitale madera: Uralmash, Elmash, Khimmash kamodzi anapanga padziko mabizinezi mafakitale. Monga mu msasawu, pali malo otchedwa "Center", "Station". Pali mbali ya mzinda, analandira maina ulemu malo aakulu pa dziko lawo, monga Vtuzgorodok, dzina lake polemekeza anthu wophunzira, Nkhuku Farm, Vtorchermet. M'madera ena anali dzina lake polemekeza zinthu Hrs: Shartash kugwirizana ndi dzina la nyanja, Uktus - dzina la mapiri. Madera ali wosiyana m'madera awo ndi chiwerengero cha anthu komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha zomangamanga ndi chitonthozo cha moyo.

Mphamvu ya anthu

Kuunikira chiwerengero cha anthu anayamba kuchokera ku maziko kwambiri Yekaterinburg. Malinga ndi kalembera woyamba, mu 1724 panali anthu pafupifupi 4 sauzande. azilandira kuchuluka kwa anthu Kuyambira nthawi imene yayambira. Zaka zoyambirira 50, chiwerengero ali kawiri nzika. Pofika kumayambiriro 19 m'ma mapu Russian Ufumu akhoza kuona mzinda wamng'ono mwachilungamo lalikulu Yekaterinburg.

Kodi nambala anali ndiye mwachizolowezi midzi Russian? mizinda zakale Kazan, Rostov, pa nthawi ino owerengedwa 10-12 zikwi, komanso achinyamata Ekaterinburg. Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ndalama okhala kwa anthu ambirimbiri chaka. A kulumpha kwambiri kukula anthu zinachitika 70-80-ntchentche za m'ma 19, pamene yomanga amakampani atsopano ndi anthu kuchuluka kumidzi zinachitika. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa, kukula kwa mzinda kale amayezedwa zikwi chaka chilichonse. Ndipo ndi 20 ntchentche za m'ma 20, ngakhale mu makumi a zikwi.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1923 mpaka 1931 chiwerengero cha anthu anthu 97 zikwi anakonzeka 223 zikwi. Ndi 1939, mumzinda kawiri chiwerengero cha anthu ake kupyolera mafakitale yogwira. Ndi chiyambi cha 50s pa mapu USSR, latsopano 500,000th mzinda wa Yekaterinburg. Chiwerengero cha anthu pa chaka wayamba zomwe zikwizikwi.

Mu 1970, a Sverdlovsk anakhala mizinda. Mu 1992, woyamba mphamvu zoipa anthu chinalembedwa mu mbiri ya mzindawu. M'zaka perestroika chiwerengero cha Yekaterinburg pang'ono utachepa, koma mu 2005, anayamba kuwonetsa kukula. Lero mu mzinda wa anthu miliyoni 1,44.

chiwerengero

Yekaterinburg, chiwerengero cha anthu ikukula mosalekeza, ali chonde wabwino. Mu 2011, mbiri chinaikidwa: kuyatsa mwana 13,2 pa 1,000. Choncho imfa yafupika, ndi zachilengedwe kuchuluka kwa anthu a anthu 2,000 pachaka. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri kwa Russia, kumene m'mizinda yambiri ya imfa patsogolo mlingo kubadwa. Ekaterinburg - mzinda wa achinyamata, avereji ya anthu ndi zaka 37.

ntchito

Ekaterinburg, amene anthu tili kufufuza, pitiriza zabwino mafakitale m'munsi kuyambira m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Komanso, nyengo pambuyo Soviet watsegula mabizinezi ambiri atsopano, ndi kukula akupitiriza. Ngakhale chuma slowdown ndi umboni kupanga anali mayina Yekaterinburg 0,89% sali pa ntchito zonse. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zabwino mu dziko. Kukhala pantchito imapereka otaya azilandira okhala mu mzindawo. mnyamata sasiya mumzinda wakwawo, monga amaona kuthekera kwakukulu mu chitukuko ndipo kumeneko.

zomangamanga mzinda ndi khalidwe la moyo

Ekaterinburg Today, chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali pafupi ndi pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni, ndi mwachangu kumanga misewu, osauka maukonde zoyendera. Kuchuluka kwa analamula nyumba yatsopano ndi zipangizo chikhalidwe ku mzinda wina wa amaudindo apamwamba mu dziko. Mosasamala kanthu za mavuto ndi khalidwe misewu, zachilengedwe, Yekaterinburg a mzinda ndi mkulu khalidwe la moyo. Ndipo kuwonjezeka zonse anthu - ndi chitsimikizo kwambiri za izi.