Zizindikiro za hyperkalemia - chizindikiro cha matenda amene kuchuluka kwa amayamikira kwambiri kuposa 5 mmol / l mlingo potaziyamu mu seramu magazi. Anthu, potaziyamu makamaka anaikira maselo powapatsa DNA ndi kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni, kukula selo, kugwira ntchito za masiku onse michere ndi T. D. 2 Only% ya potaziyamu ali madzimadzi extracellular. Aimpso ndi njira extrarenal potaziyamu homeostasis anakhalabe mlandu woyamba wa potaziyamu excreted, ndipo ndime yachiwiri amaperekedwa ndi potaziyamu mu maselo kwa madzimadzi extracellular. Action potaziyamu ndi kupereka angathe magetsi a nembanemba selo. Zizindikiro za hyperkalemia mu gawo zolimbitsa - kuchepetsa Kakhungu kupumula angathe mitsempha ndi minofu maselo, kumene kumakhudza kuwonjezeka mu excitability maselo. Ngati ndende potaziyamu mu magazi limatuluka kuti 7.5 mmol / L, maselo kutaya excitability awo.
Hyperkalemia: zizindikiro
Hyperkalemia limodzi depolarization ya maselo kuchepetsa excitability awo omwe amachititsa minofu kufooka, kulephera kupuma ndipo paresis. kanthu Cardiotonic kuwawonetsera mkulu potaziyamu wakuthwa T mafunde mu electrocardiogram lapansi. Nthawi zina, matendawa amakhudza elongation wa PQ-imeneyi, ndi yowonjezera QRS-zovuta ndi liwiro AV ndi imfa ya P yoweyula zizindikiro zonse kuyambitsa fibrillation yamitsempha yamagazi ndi asystole.
Zizindikiro za hyperkalemia: zimayambitsa
Mu anthu athanzi zakudya wa potaziyamu mu mlingo waukulu kawirikawiri zimayambitsa matenda. Wochititsa matenda ntchito yachibadwa aimpso - adrenal insufficiency. Mosiyana, oliguric pachimake aimpso kulephera ukuwonjezeka madzi a magazi potaziyamu mu yochepa popanda kuchuluka katundu potaziyamu. chiwerengero cha odwala ndi insufficiency aakulu aimpso pa mlingo wa hyperkalemia zotsatira za akusowa aldosterone, amene ali ndi udindo kwa katulutsidwe wa potaziyamu. chikhalidwe ichi ndi zambiri zimachitika mu ashuga nephropathy, tubulointerstitial matenda a impso ndiponso kuwonongeka juxtaglomerular zida.
matenda
Hyperkalemia ndi wapezeka ndi mayesero zasayansi wa seramu kwa potaziyamu zoona electrocardiographic.
mankhwalawa hyperkalemia
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za hyperkalemia Tisanyalanyaze. Pachimake isanayambike, amene agonjetsa moyo wa wodwalayo alandire yoyang'anira mtsempha kashiamu gluconate njira iliyonse 2-3 maola. Kuwonjezeka kashiamu okhutitsidwa amachepetsa magazi ndi kumawonjezera pakhomo angathe kusiyana pakati angathe kuchitapo kanthu ndipo ena onse, kuchepetsa excitability maselo. Dongosolo mtsempha wa hydrogencarbonate ndi sodium amalimbikitsa tinganene potaziyamu ku madzimadzi extracellular ku maselo mwachindunji. Ndipo pofuna kupewa hypokalemia m'nsinga kutumikiridwa insulin apambane ntchito ya mpope ndi sodium-potaziyamu ndipo potero - mu otaya maselo potaziyamu. Kuchepetsa ndende ya potaziyamu mu seramu ndi sodium tisonyezeni ion kuwombola utomoni fosfattsellyuloznuyu, nthawi zambiri kaphatikizidwe ndi sorbitol. Kusankha resins oyenera kupewa matenda zoopsa pachimake aimpso. Zizindikiro za hyperkalemia kumene mogwirizana kuchotsedwa ndi hemodialysis kapena peritoneal dialysis ndi bezkalievym njira.