Zochita zosagwirizana.

Monga momwe zimadziwira, mankhwala amachitidwe ndi kusintha kwa chinthu chimodzi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa chinthu choyambirira mu chimzake, chomwe chidzakhala chosiyana ndi icho ndi mankhwala ake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Pachiyambi choyamba, iwo amalankhula za reagents, ndipo chachiwiri - za mankhwala opangidwa. Izi zimadziwika kwa wina aliyense kuchokera ku sukulu yopangira zamaphunziro. Kuchokera ku sukulu yopangira sukulu kumadziwika ndi kuti pakusintha koteroko sikusintha maonekedwe a mankhwala, mu nkhani iyi pali kupatula kwa mtima ndi electron, chifukwa cha mankhwala atsopano omwe amapangidwa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa machitidwe onse zingagawidwe m'masukulu. Ndiyetu choyamba kuti muzindikire momwe zimakhalira. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika mu gawo limodzi. Zochitika zosagwirizana, zitsanzo zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta mu bukhu lirilonse la chemistry, zimatanthauza kuchitika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma homolytic zomwe zimawonedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mamolekyu kuti zikhale zowonongeka, zolowera m'malo ndi zowonongeka, zowonongeka, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo izi zimachitika, monga lamulo, mu madzi gawo. Mlingo wa zinthu zofanana, ngati mphamvu ya zinthu zikhalebe zosalekeza, zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi lamulo la masewera. Zochitika zosagwirizana pakati pa reagents, zomwe poyamba zimakhala zosiyana, zimatheka kokha ngati kufalikira kumachitika pakati pawo. Ndiye chiwerengerocho chidzawonjezeka kwambiri. Ngati kufalikira kwa zinthu zoyamba kumachedwetsa, zomwe zimachitika pokhapokha zimakhala zofanana pakati pa magawo osiyana siyana. Zonse zomwe zimachitika pamtundu woterewu, komanso njira zawo, zimadalira zikhalidwe zomwe zimagwiritsira ntchito reagents.

Zotsatira zake zimadalira zifukwa zingapo, monga momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, momwe zimakhalira, kutentha kumene zimachitika, komanso kukhalapo kwa chinthu china. Zimathandizira zomwe zimachitidwa kuti ziziyenda pamtunda wapamwamba komanso mphamvu zochepa zowonjezera. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri, n'zoonekeratu kuti ngati zinthu zambiri zidzachitapo kanthu, zowonjezereka zidzasokoneza ndipo, motero, zotsatira zake zidzawonjezeka.

Chitsanzo chodziwika cha dongosolo lofanana ndilo lingakhale magulu osakaniza a mpweya. Magetsi onse pa kutentha kwapamwamba adzasungunuka mochuluka pakati pawo. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa osakaniza a nayitrogeni ndi oksijeni. Chitsanzo chinanso chingaperekedwe, kusonyeza zomwe zimafanana ndizo. Sizowonjezera njira yothetsera madzi okhala ndi sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, nayitrogeni ndi oksijeni. Njirayi ikudutsa mu gawo ili lokha. Ngati zotsatirazi zikuchitika m'dongosolo lofanana, ndiye kuti likupitirira lonse. Ngati, nkuti, pamene njira zothetsera sulfuric acid ndi sodium thiosulfate zikuphatikizidwa ndikuphatikizidwa ndi zokhumudwitsa, zimakhala zoopsa. Izi zidzachitika chifukwa cha sulufule, zomwe zidzawonekera lonse lonse la vutolo.

Panthawiyi kapena kutentha kwake, kutentha kumatulutsidwa. Kutentha kwa zomwe zimayendera kudzadalira kuchuluka kwa ma reagents atengedwa mmaganizowo, komanso zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika. Funso la momwe msangamsanga zogwirira ntchito zidzakhalire zimadalira nthawi yomwe ikuchitika. Sayansi yonse ikuthandizira kuthetsa nkhaniyi. Amatchedwa "Kinetics". Chofunika kwambiri pa malo ake ndi chakuti kuti zomwe zimachitikazo, ma molekyulu omwe amalowerera mmenemo ayenera kulankhulana nthawi zonse. Komabe, sikuti kulankhulana koteroko kungayambitse mankhwala. Zomwe zimagwirizana ndizochitika zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zotere zomwe zidzapitirira chiwerengero.