Zolimba makwerero: mawerengedwe ndi chiwembu

Monga mmodzi wa magawo zofunika kwambiri masitepe yomanga amayima zolimba. Zimenezi akhoza kupereka mphamvu kapangidwe pazipita chifukwa olimba konkire.

Terms of zolimba konkire staircase

Masitepe monolithic kumanga ntchito amaloŵamo makhalidwe osiyana ndi nkhawa. Chotero yomanga ndi nthawi zambiri, ndi mchikakamizo cha kulemera yake ndi kulemera kwa anthu ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa anatambasula nkhani ya zigawo m'munsi ndi kutigwira chapamwamba.

Chotero mapindikidwe ndi nthawi yotsogolera ku chiwonongeko. Pofuna kupewa mavuto amenewa, ntchito zolimba zomangidwa. Ntchito imeneyi ayenera idzachitika mu masiteji atatu, akuti:

• unsembe wa mawonekedwe;
• unsembe wa zolimba khola;
• kuthira matope konkire.

Kukonzekera zipangizo ndi zipangizo

Ovuta kwambiri ndi gawo loyamba. Pangani formwork amafuna kusamaliridwa ya mbuye. Zolimba masitepe monolithic - ndondomeko zovuta, sangathe kukwaniritsa chinthu chimodzimodzi luso popanda izo. Pakuti zolimba a muyezo ya zomangira ndi zida. Kuti akachite mpheto zofunika kukonzeketsera:

• pulasitiki tatifupi;
• abwino vavu gawo;
• ikuthandizira makolala;
• waya cutters;
• kumanga waya;
• 4 mm mauna.

Yotsirizira adzafunika kwa magawo zokongoletsa. Mwa zina, m'pofunika kukonzekera ndondomeko zolimba adzafunika ndi screwdriver magetsi, kuwotcherera makina. Nkofunika kudziwa mtunda pakati pa miyambo ya zolimba, chifukwa zitsulo zitsulo ayenera kuyikidwa pa mapulani.

unsembe wa formwork

makwerero zolimba ikukhudza unsembe wa formwork, ndi ntchito bolodi kapena plywood izi mapepala. Mungagwiritse ntchito pepala 5 mm. Pakuti zogwiriziza wandiweyani midadada matabwa woyenera. Formwork ayenera kutetezedwa chinyezi polyethylene kapena denga anamvera.

zinthu payekha ayenera ananamizira ndi zomangira kapena zomangira konsekonse. Pankhaniyi, pambuyo yomanga zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuti kunja. Mipiringidzo pamodzi ndi imodzi mwa njira ziwiri, tingathe kumanga waya kapena malo kuwotcherera. Handyman nthawi zambiri ntchito njira Buku kumangako. Komabe, n'chofunikira pokha pokha pamene buku la ntchito ndi ochepa. Nthawi zina, ndi zida kuwotcherera, amachepetsa ntchito ndi chuma ndalama.

Pakuti matings akonze annealed katundu zitsulo waya ndi awiri a 1 mm. Awo analipo kudula powomba kutalika wofanana 0,3 m, pambuyo iwo anasonkhana ku milimo ya. Izi zikhoza kutheka ndi akasupe kapena zomangira za pulasitiki.

Kukonzekera khola ikuthandizira

Chimango zigawo waya ndi imodzi mwa njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

• awiri mzere;
• ngodya;
• Phillips;
• mita malo.

Kuti atsogolere zokambirana, chifukwa si ntchito-kwambiri, ayenera kuikidwa pa screwdriver mbedza kuti zikhoza kugulidwa ku sitolo hardware. Ngati mumathera owonjezera simukufuna, n'zotheka kuti agwire ntchito zimenezi ndi thandizo la pliers. Zolimba makwerero kuyenera kukhudza ndodo ziwiri kumangako, iwo kuphatikiza alipo ichi, kutalika amene ayenera kuchita masamu ndi mankhwala a gawo mavavu 50. zinthu ndi cholukanalukana mu malo atatu a waya zitsulo.

Mbiri Kusankha ndi chimango unsembe

Zolimba makwerero mafupa zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo A-400 kapena A-500, chigawo mtanda akhoza kukhala wolingana ndi pakati 1 ndi 4 cm. Posachedwapa, evroarmatura zambiri ntchito. Iwo amakhala ndi pamaso pa nthiti yopingasa mbali zonse, ndi katundu, tikuigawa kusintha kupirira zolimba.

Ndi mbiri osiyana m'mbali zazing'ono kuchuluka kwa lumikiza ndi njira, choncho amakonda evroprutki quadrilateral amadalira mphamvu 500 MPa. Pamene deformations ndodo ndi guluu wolimba mkulu kusakaniza konkire.

Chiwembu cha zolimba

makwerero zolimba imachitika pa njira zamakono nthawi zambiri pamene mauna ikuthandizira waikidwa pansipa ndi pamwamba. chimango The zakonzedwa ku zinthu payekha ndi kulumikiza kapena kuwotcherera. Ngati inu ntchito tatifupi, timatha inu mukhale zinthu gululi kwa mtunda wina.

Pamene izo zifika pa makwerero nyumba monolithic, iwo nthawi zambiri ndi makulidwe a osapitirira 20 cm Pakuti zikhomo awa ayenera kuti anasankha mwa njira yotero kuti kutalika awo alibe upambana 10 cm.. The gululi pamwamba ndi pansi ayenera cholukanalukana mbedza. Unsembe anapanga pa ndodo kotenga, ndipo kufunika kuzilongosola mu chitsanzo checkerboard. Chiwembu amapereka zolimba za masitepe monolithic ndi ntchito Onyamula Zazitali Ayi pulasitiki. Iwo anayikidwa pakati pa formwork ndi zolimba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterozo amapereka yunifolomu chimango wagawo mu monolith makwerero. Kuchokera m'munsi m'mphepete chapamwamba kapangidwe chimango udzakhazikitsidwe pa mtunda wa 3 cm. The zolimba ayenera kuyamba pansi, izi chifukwa chakuti katunduyu structural imatsogoleredwa kuchokera pamwamba.

Kusankha zolimba chiwembu

Zolimba masitepe konkire adzakhalanso wa ikuthandizira ndodo, pamene izo zifika kupanga mawonekedwe ophweka. Ena ambuye zoweta mu lokonzekera zolimba khola anagona mu nkhungu mu mawonekedwe a ngalande zitsulo, anakonza pa mbali. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ndi matabwa, komanso ngodya. Zoipitsitsa si, koma ndalama ngati zakuthupi ndi mphamvu tinganene kuti chilibe ntchito.

Zolimba mu mmunsi mokwanira kwa mphamvu cholinga kwamakokedwe. Ngati muli ndi ntchito ndi monolithic odnomarshevoy masitepe kuti alibe winders monolithic nsanja, chimango afunika kukhala pabwino yekha pansi pa mbale, kumene asilikali cholinga kwamakokedwe. Nthawi zina pamwamba pa makwerero zimakhazikika ndi kukula zitsulo mauna 100 × 100 × 5 mm. njira Sikuti kuonjezera stiffness, koma amateteza tokhala siteji.

Chotero zotsatira yosavuta khalidwe pa odnomarshevuyu makwerero amalola kupereka chimango dongosolo anatsindika ndondomeko chosavuta. Mtunda pakati pa zolimba yopingasa amangoona 40 cm. Monga ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zitsulo 10 mm. Zolimba miyendo sitepe kumafuna kudziŵa kutalika kwa mbale opareshoni, m'mimba mwake wa zolimba kotenga ndi katayanitsidwe pakati pa ndodo. Sankhani mungachite izi ayenera kupatsidwa ufulu Ndime ya ndege masitepe.

Choncho, ngati chikhatho chimodzi kutalika ndi 2 m, kutalika osachepera chofanana ndi makwerero mbale wa 10 cm, ndi mtunda pazipita pakati ndodo ndi wofanana ndi masentimita 19, ndi zolimba awiri akhale 10 mm. The chizindikiro wotsiriza kuchuluka kwa mamilimita 12 ngati ntchito makwerero mbale kutalika osachepera ndi wofanana ndi masentimita 20 ndipo mtunda pazipita pakati ndodo ndi ofanana ndi masentimita 15. Mu makwerero chikhato kutalika ndi 4 m.

Main zolimba zigawo

Inu nokha Mukhoza kuchita zolimba makwerero. Mfundo, zomwe pansipa, m'pofunika akonzekeretse ndi malamulo mlandu. Mwachitsanzo, PAD monolithic ayenera pomwe osati m'munsi koma kuchokera pamwamba, pamene chapamwamba koyenera gawo akupitiriza masitepe. Upper zolimba khola ayenera anasankha chimodzimodzi kwa zolimba m'munsi.

Site awiri masitepe adzamva kwambiri khama, kotero ayenera anakonza mpandawo. Kuchita izi, ntchito imodzi mwa mfundo za - analimbitsa korona konkire, chimene delves kukhoma, kukula kwake akhale 20x20 masentimita kukonza nsanja monolithic muyenera makoma a midadada konkire, simenti kapena njerwa .. Zikatero, zipangizo mlanduwo ufulu wa kukulitsa, pamene ntchito yomanga mpanda wa analimbitsa simenti formwork anaika matabwa trapezoid kapena thovu zinthu zimene zili mwa zigawo ikuthandizira. Kuonjezera structural stiffness wa makwerero monolithic PAD kuyenera kulembedwa mu m'munsi ikuthandizira chimango, ndi armature chapamwamba.

mawerengedwe a zolimba

Masitepe, zolimba, ndi mawerengedwe a lomwe mukhoza anu, inu mukhoza anamangidwira popanda thandizo. Kudziwa chiwerengero cha mipiringidzo zolimba kotenga kungakhale njira adziwe kutalika kwa makwerero, kuti kugawidwa sitepe mabokosi. Komanso, mtengo uwu kuchulukitsa ndi kutalika kwa ndodo kotenga. Kagwiridwe akutifikiranso pa nkhani ya mtanda zogwirizana, ndiye makhalidwe amenewa akuwonjezeka ndi kuchulukitsa ndi 2, kuyambira ikuthandizira chimango ndodo ikukhudza unsembe mizere iwiri.