Atapachikidwa kudenga: mitundu, unsembe

Pomanga aliyense wa sitepe chofunika kwambiri kuti akonze denga. Chimachititsa kuthamanga makina a chisanu m'nyengo yozizira, mphepo akatundu kwambiri ndi mmene mpweya. N'chifukwa chake padenga la kupanga ndondomeko amafuna mwatcheru ndi chilango cha ntchito zonse ndi mwatsatanetsatane changu ndi olondola.

kusiyana

Kumangidwa kwa denga, komanso ambiri a ntchito ena pa ntchito yomanga nyumba ya lagawidwa magawo angapo. The chipangizo cha atapachikidwa kudenga ndi m`modzi wa iwo. Tikumbukenso kuti truss maonekedwe njira zamakono dongosolo zingasiyane kwambiri.

Chachikulu kusiyana ndi chimake cha akulendewera zinthu thandizo pa mauerlat structural mzake ndi pansi kapena pamwamba pa lokwera gawo. Ndiko kuti, zili popanda thandizo umodzi, popanda zomwe silingachite mu mapangidwe a dongosolo naslonnoy.

Kuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chimake ngati sitili yochitira makoma mkati mwa nyumbayo. Ndi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito, ngati n'koyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito malo chapamwamba. Monga kumanga chitsanzo cha mansard denga.

Kamangidwe ka atapachikidwa kudenga kumapitiriza nyumba makoma akuphulikira mawotchi katundu - izo mosalephera ndalama kulibe mu zikuchokera zogwiriziza choimirira. Choncho, dongosolo la ngati dongosolo truss si popanda otchedwa screed. Ndi chinthu horizontally anaika overtighten kudenga, chifukwa mpandawo imvera kupanikizika akuphulikira. Dziwani kuti mlingo kuchepetsa khamu screed kumawonjezera lapamwamba.

ulemu

Truss dongosolo, zopangidwa ndi makonzedwe ikulendewera, ali zambiri zabwino ntchito ntchito. Quality ndi kuphedwa woyenera kupereka zokwanira denga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa amadza katundu ankachititsa pa izo. Poyerekeza ndi dongosolo naslonnoy, iwo ali wochepa thupi, amene amachepetsa katundu chonse pa nyumba khoma, motero, pa maziko a nyumba.

Kudzera ntchito zigawo ochepa zinthu zochepa chofunika kulenga mpanda zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso.

Naslonnye ndi kupachikidwa kudenga

Ngati nyumba ali ndi likulu wamkati khoma, ambiri amangoti ntchito naslonnaya dongosolo pomanga denga monga eg thandizo. Izo kusiyana kwambiri ndi pamaso pa zina mchitidwe mkati ndi kutsindika pa ndime kapena lamkati zimakhudza khoma. Chifukwa, katundu ndi kunditumiza ku kulanda kokha pa kukhotetsa. Mwa ubwino yomanga imeneyi, ndi Dziwani ake kulemera wotsika, ndiponso kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zochepa mfundo za zomangamanga.

Pakuti nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo mu kusinthika kwa denga umodzi pa utali angapo, amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo machitidwe onse naslonnyh ndi kuyimitsidwa. Kudenga, naslonnoy kapangidwe mfundo ku chimake ichi ntchito mu gawo la nyumba imene pali thandizo zoweta, motero, kumene iwo satero, yothetsa kachitidwe kena.

magawo a erection

Pambuyo kudziwa mtundu wa zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso angathe kumwedwa yomanga enieni. Kuyamba, ndi chojambula zojambula imagwiridwa. Kuyenera yomweyo ananena kuti ndi zofunika kupatsa akatswiri, chifukwa ali ndi ukatswiri zofunika ndi zimene zinachitika m'munda umenewu. Buku la kuwerengetsera pa mlingo wa layman wa - zochitika m'malo oopsa kuyambira kamangidwe angathe kukhala zolakwika zimene zingachititse kuti pambuyo kusintha umphumphu wa dongosolo denga kapena kuti uwonongedwe.

Kamodzi chithunzicho analengedwa, Umayamba kuchita ntchito zina, mwachitsanzo unsembe mauerlat. Oyenera milimo iyi matabwa kukhala gawo mtanda wa 20x20 cm, izo aikidwa pa makoma wozungulira ndi mphamvu. Muyenera kulabadira chakuti kwa mauerlat tifunika kutetezedwa ku chinyezi, kotero zakuthupi wapadera yakwera pansi Mwachitsanzo, denga zakuthupi.

Pamene ntchito chipika kapena njerwa kwa erection makoma, chofunika kuchita kukhazikika kwa screed konkire pa periphery ace, ndi yekhayo ndiye angathe kuika mauerlat.

Ngati mfundo kudenga bwino ntchito chipika matabwa ndi mtanda gawo 20X5 cm. Ngati chofunika, anaona ku kutalika abwino, ndi mbali m'munsi mwa mabala apadera anapanga kuonetsetsa kuti asiye mu mauerlat olimba.

Atapachikidwa kudenga angathe kuikidwa ntchito lokwera womwe umapereka zina structural chinthu chimodzimodzi. Kukhazikitsa denga zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso popanda kugwirizana kwa gawo chapamwamba ayenera kukhala ndi cholinga osati overlapped.

Pali awiri ogwiritsa mungachite: unsembe wa awiriawiri awiri kunja kwa mapazi ndi lokwera, ndiyeno kuyika zina, mwina mu dongosolo. More adalipo ndiye chimake kuyamba chifukwa akhoza zopezera ndalama nthawi komanso kamangidwe chodalirika, wokhazikika kwa mitundu yambiri ya katundu.

Kupanga chitukumula ntchito mfundo mofanana kudenga. Kumangika wokwera pa malo yopingasa. Monga tanena kale, m'munsi malo bwino ndi makhalidwe ake. M'pofunika kuganizira mfundo imeneyi, chimene chiri chofunika makamaka ngati mukufuna ntchito danga chapamwamba. Popeza abwino kukula mitengo kulenga kumangika mwina ntchito chala olowa wodula.

Atapachikidwa kudenga: kapangidwe ndi zigawo

Pamene khazikitsa dongosolo kuyimitsidwa ndi njira yofunika kwambiri polumikiza mfundo. Kuwonjezera akhomere ndi zomangira kapena misomali, kukhala pawiri ndi mtedza ndi akapichi, mabowo ali mokhomerera kwa cholinga ichi mu malo ena.

Ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi kuthamanga mabala sayansi. Pakuti aliyense truss pawiri dongosolo zinthu iyenela yopangidwa ndi zinthu osachepera awiri fastener. Mwachitsanzo, awiri kumanga zomangira yolusa kapena misomali, kenako kukopa kwa ndodo yamazinga.

zinthu nsaru

Chitetezo waikidwa ikulendewera kudenga, M'pofunikanso kukumbukira za mapangidwe eaves. Ndi zofunika kuti kutalika poyamba awo kugona kukula kwa kudenga, koma mtengo wa zomangamanga chifukwa kuwonjezeka kumeneku. Kulinganiziratu kupanga overhangs ntchito konsekonse bolodi, amene magawo akupanga 10x5 cm. Anapanga therefrom "chiwala", kutalika ayenera kusankhidwa kuti alipo pa kudenga pamwamba anali osachepera 50 cm. Fastener ndi mbali yamazinga .

Mu mauerlat anaphedwa mabala chofunika kukula kwa kugwirizana molimbira. Pakuti yopatsa kuchuluka mawotchi mphamvu ya pakati "chiwala" komanso atathana Buku bala yaing'ono kukula, chimene chili mbali ya eaves ndi chapamwamba gawo mauerlat.

Pawiri zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso anagwira zolowerana ndi mbuyo. Mu chimake choyamba, mpanda kudenga ndi kuliika kwa wina ndi mzake ndi bolting. The chachiwiri mphamvu mfundo Ufumuyo mbale, zimene mbale chitsulo kapena bolodi.

Cornice pawiri zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso ndi kumangika mfundo imagwiridwa orthogonal mazunzo notching ndi dzino limodzi kapena awiri, komanso mbale kapena matabwa.

Linanena triangular Chipilala

Zoterezi mwiniwake wa kudenga truss ndi yophweka. Maziko a arches pa zinthu zitatu izi: yopingasa mtengo (kumangika) zomwe atakhazikitsa mpanda kutambalala kwa kudenga pakati kapena pansi, ndi awiri mumbali kudenga miyendo ophatikizana pamwamba. Kumangika anapanga ku ndodo zitsulo kapena matabwa matabwa, zimatengera pa mphamvu kupendekeretsa kotero kuwapereka kwa zipupa za kunja kwa katundu ofukula nyumba. Chifukwa ichi, n'kosavuta thandizo gawo olima dongosolo khoma: izo yakwera m'malo mwa mwachizolowezi gulu mauerlat, amene ntchito redistribute katundu alipo.

Mu malo ya m'munsi mwa kudenga aikidwa pa kumanga kufunika kulenga pansi chapamwamba. Izo ntchito zothandiza kuti apansi wapakatikati. Mu zochitika zina, kumangika yakwera pa mlingo wokwererapo. Choncho kuwonjezera maganizo kwamakokedwe imene imagwera pa izo, koma mu zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso chikhato yafupika kupinda mphamvu.

linanena Chipilala ndi bawuti

munda Izi zowoneka amaoneka ngati denga matabwa ndi kudenga ikulendewera, monga tafotokozazi, mu mawonekedwe a makona a. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi thandizo ntchito pa khoma. The transom Chipilala maziko kudenga anakonza grooves, amene akupezeka mauerlat. Pa makoma, kuwonjezera mphamvu ofukula Amenenso ndi spacers. The midspan wokwera kumanga (mu njira imeneyi, umatchedwa bawuti akufa) ndi ntchito psinjika. Motero, chosavuta phiri kudenga ndi matabwa.

Chipilala linanena kuyimitsidwa

Ngati atapachikidwa denga kudenga ali ndi m'lifupi oposa 6 m, n'zovuta moti akonzekeretse losavuta atatu mchitidwe munda. Choyamba, kuti yopanga wa kumangika kwa kukula izi kumafunika nthawi kufufuza bar. Kachiwiri, nthawi kuwomba sags pakati pa kulemera kwambiri. Choncho, kuyimitsidwa ntchito monga zowonjezerazo Chipilala - yakuti chomwe chili ndi kumanga likulu ndi pamwamba pa Chipilala cha. Amafotokozera kumanga ndi zigawo ziwiri, ndi bolting. Matabwa kuyimitsidwa ambiri amati agogo ake, ndi zitsulo - tyazhem.

Chipilala mtundu hinge ndi braces

Kuchepetsa kuchimwa, zikupezeka kudenga, wotsutsa wamkulu kuyimitsidwa struts akuwonjezeka, ndiwo wokonda zinthu m'derali kudenga pakati pa chikhato cha. Choncho kwa abutment okha kuyimitsidwa struts ntchito.

Pomaliza

Pomaliza pamwamba Dziwani kuti chifukwa kuphedwa moyenera ndalama ndi ntchito kwathunthu, atapachikidwa kudenga ndi Magwiridwe sadzakhala patukani naslonnym. Kuwonjezera wokhazikika ndi wolimba kwambiri, ntchito yomanga imeneyi zimathandiza kupanga danga chapamwamba, oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pa zolinga malonda kapena zina. Pankhani ya dongosolo la mansard denga, dongosolo truss ndi njira yabwino.