Zowoneka waukulu wa St. Petersburg: mubwereze za mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Mu dziko muli mizinda ambiri amene ayenera pitani iliyonse wapaulendo. Mmodzi wa iwo - Peter. Awa ndi malo zapadera wachita kale amatchedwa ndi zakuya zipilala ndi nthano. A mndandanda wa zopatsa chidwi wa St. Petersburg zambiri. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu zachifumu ndi zipilala, wotchuka padziko lonse. Ngati mukupita kukaona mzinda uno, nkhani yathu ndi inu.

opambana

Aliyense amene amabwera kuno akufuna kukaona chidwi chachikulu cha St. Petersburg. Mavoti malo kupangitsa kovuta zokwanira, koma mukhoza kulabadira ndemanga. Chifukwa cha iwo, ati apange lawo, makonzedwe mlingo. Mu malo oyamba, monga nthawi yonse, ndi Zima Palace. Za iye tikambirana ina. lachiwiri amapita ku Cathedral wotchuka St. Isake. Pamakhala awiri mpingo zambiri wotchuka - Cathedral wa Mpulumutsi pa Magazi okhetsedwa ndi Kazan.

Mu malo wachisanu anali Palace Square, pambuyo owonetsera zakale lake lalikulu - ndi Hermitage. Seventh mzere ndi Petro ndi Paulo linga, hereinafter - ndi cruiser "Aurora". Mndandanda wa "zokopa wofunika kwambiri St. Petersburg" kutseka wotchuka Mkuwa pamahatchi , ndi State Russian Museum.

N'zoona kuti si onse. Pali zokwanira komanso Nevsky Prospekt, ndi Anichkov Bridge, ndi Kunstkammer ndi Champs de A Mars. Alendo si zovuta kupeza zokopa chachikulu cha St. Petersburg. Mndandanda akanakhoza kupita pa wotchi awo ndi kutumiza wapaulendo kuti m'nyumbayi-nyumba ya Pushkin pa Moika, ndi rostral mzati pa University embankment kapena nyumba ya Petro Woyamba.

zina

Mu St. Petersburg kwambiri malo losaiwalika kuti athe kupeza aliyense. Apa pali phunziro kwa onse: kupita kwa zakale, masewera zisudzo ndi nyimbo yaikulu. Malowa yaitali kale pakati pa maphatikizidwe zikhalidwe ziwiri: Asilavo ndi European. Ngakhale kuti St. Petersburg ndi mzinda waukulu, ndi malo alendo, imene tsopano 3 zaka anakhalabe odziwa kulandira alendo.

Kale tinaphunzira dziko kusanja malo, ndipo tsopano kuthana ndi aliyense wa iwo. Timaphunzira mfundo chidwi ndi nkhani zochititsa chidwi kuti kubisa kumbuyo zipilala, matchalitchi ndi nyumba zachifumu.

Kodi kulemera

Mwina chidwi chachikulu cha St. Petersburg - ndi Zima Palace. Apa nthawi yaitali, kuyambira 1762 mpaka 1904, anali okhala mafumu. yachifumu Izi ndi mtengo kwambiri ndipo Akasakaniza ku St. Petersburg. kubadwa kwake zikhoza anasankha 1754 chaka wotchuka Rastrelli anatenga kumanga chinachake chidwi chachikulu.

Poyamba, nyumba yomangidwa Elizabeti, koma inatha pansi Catherine II. Akamaliza ntchito yomanga nyumba yachifumu munali zipinda ndi zoposera zikwi. Kwa zaka zambiri, mkati mwa nyumba yachifumu linasinthidwa, ndipo kokha Jordan Masitepe oyendamo anakhalabe ku zosinthika koyamba. Dzina limeneli chifukwa chakuti umadutsa zonse ku ufumu banja Madalitso a mwambo Madzi, poganiza kuti "Jordan", imene inkatchedwa benga pa ayezi wa Neva.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, chiwerengero cha Hermitage Small inamangidwa, pamene anayamba kusunga ntchito za Catherine Wamkulu Art. Pafupi yachifumu anamangapo pano Old Hermitage ndi zisudzo. Ndipo cha m'ma 19 pa Miliyoni msewu anaonekera Chatsopano Hermitage. The Zima Palace unali likulu loyambirira la lonse mapulani zovuta.

pamwamba pa mitambo

Zokopa chachikulu cha St. Petersburg wokonzedwera kwa malo kwambiri nkhani zosangalatsa. Kenako mu kusanja athu - Cathedral St. Isake. Kuwonjezera chakuti ndi yaikulu Orthodox mpingo mu St. Petersburg, ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu yaitali mzikiti mu dziko.

Mbiri ya Cathedral anayamba ndi yaing'ono mpingo matabwa ulemu wa Isaki. Mu 1712, ndi Petro mkazi wokwatiwa ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri. Kenako, kachisi womangidwa ndi miyala. Patapita nthawi, iwo unalengedwa ntchito lachitatu, sanali kutsatira kalembedwe yomanga. Iwo anaganiza kukonzanso lapansi. 9 Koma patapita zaka ntchito achinyamata wamanga Auguste de A Montferrand Analeredwa.

Ochuluka monga 4 zaka unatha ntchito pa tchalitchi. Pakuti kuvomereza anatenga 43 thanthwe mchere. Kuwonjezera lubwe, pali imvi, wobiriwira ndi chikasu nsangalabwi, ndi yaspi, porphyry ndi ena. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake pa tchalitchi ungasunge anthu 12,000.

Okumbukira Mfumu womwalirayo

Mu 1881, pa 1 March, iye n'kufa Alexander II, yemwe anali Anagwirizana kuti amange malo awa tchalitchi matabwa. Izo zinachitika kuti phiri si anapulumuka m'zigawo zina, ndi zopereka anatulukamo. Pa ndalama amatengedwa kuti abverana kuti amange kachisi lalikulu - Mpulumutsi pa Magazi okhetsedwa.

polojekiti ndiwo '24, ndipo mu 1907 iye anadza ku dziko. Pamene m'malo tsarist Russia anafika boma Soviet, chithandizo ndi kuima amphumphu. Kumapeto kwa 30s zinali zonse anaganiza dismantle kachisi. Koma chifukwa cha zofunikira nkhondo malonda kuvala backburner lapansi. Mpingo wa Kuuka usanayambe mpaka mapeto a 90s wa, anakongoletsa.

Mkati mpingo izo zikuwoneka ngati yowala ngati kunja. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti poyamba kubwera kwa kachisi angakhoze kokha kusankhidwa, lero ife tikhoza kuwona msonkhamsonkha waukulu wa miyala theka-mtengo wapatali, pansi wokometsedwa nsangalabwi ndi malo oopsa, kumene anaphedwa Mfumu. Komanso kuchokera tsiku zonsezi anasunga amaika mumsewu miyala, amene anagwa ndi mfumu.

yosungirako Chuma

Monga mafumu ambiri Russian mu Europe pa nthawi anabweretsa Paulo Petrovich. Iye sakanakhoza kuwona zokwanira wa Roma Cathedral wa St. Peter ndipo ndinkafuna kuwona kufika kwa oterowo mukudabwa mapulani kunyumba. Zokopa chachikulu cha St. Petersburg kale panthawiyo anali chachikulu. Koma mfumu analengeza mpikisano, choncho, kunali koyenera kulenga chinthu china chosangalatsa.

Kazan Cathedral m'malo lotha Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Virgin. Ntchito yake yaikulu inali kusunga chidina asilikali - ndi Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Mpikisano anapambana wamanga Voronikhin, koma kuyala tchalitchi Pambuyo pa kupha la mfumuyo.

Pa kuli tchalitchi anakhala zapamwamba la zake. Izi zinabweretsa mbendera ya asilikali French nkhondo itatha, pali anali kusungidwa mafungulo kuchokera forts zopezera yokopa.

Sungani malo onse

Mu kusanja athu mu malo wachisanu anali Palace Square. Izi amakonda malo a alendo ndi m'tauni kuno zambiri bungwe zochitika anthu ndi zoimbaimba. Komanso, malo awa MOONA kuonedwa ndi gulu loyimba kamangidwe, yomwe inamangidwa cha m'ma 18.

Dzina lalikulu anaonekera chifukwa cha Zima Palace, yomwe ili pano. Komanso pali lili likulu, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1819. Iye amapita mogwirizana mu Chipilala, amene nawonso, ndi surmounted ndi galeta onyamula wamkazi Nike.

Komanso pa Palace Square ndi wotchuka Alexander mzati, umene uli wotchuka alendo kukopa. Iye anaonekera mu 1834 kuyamika Montferrand. ndime anali azikumbukira kugonjetsa Napoleon, ndi mayamiko mbale Alexander Ine, mmalo mwa gulu lonse la Russia. Mpaka lero, nyumbayi akugwirizira kokha chifukwa kulemera kwake ndi yokoka

Area anasonkhanitsa zazikulu zowoneka mbiri ya St. Petersburg, ndipo amagwira kukula kwake ndi mapulani kukongola.

Ukulu wa chikhalidwe

Cultural History Museum anaonekera mu 1764. Ndiye anali chabe zosonkhanitsira patokha Mfumukazi. 220 zojambula iye anaika zipinda zazikulu zokhala ndi lalitali la Zima Palace, ndipo amatchedwa "Hermitage" - ". Malo yekhayekha" Kwa zaka zambiri, gulu la ntchito chinawonjezeka, ndipo tsopano kowonera zakale amatenga 6 mbiri nyumba. Tinganene mosakayika kuti chidwi chachikulu cha St. Petersburg angapezeke osati m'misewu komanso Hermitage.

mzinda mtetezi

malo kungachitike ankaona linga. Nayenso nachibisa mu zowoneka onse waukulu wa St. Petersburg: makoma wamphamvu, bastions ndi ravelins, zachilendo kutsogolo chipata, nyumbayi la timbewu tonunkhira, ndi Commandant wa Akatswiri nyumba.

Pa malo a gulu loyimba mapulani ndi zazikulu Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral. Nearby, alendo akhoza kukaona Museum la mbiri ya mzinda, zisudzo zosiyanasiyana ndi expositions.

zikayenda m'madzi

Musati kuzilambalala chipani ndi alendo cruiser "Aurora". Ngalawa-owonetsera zakale amakopa alendo ngakhale pa nyanza. Ukulu cruiser kunyanyala, chotero sanali chabe zakale, chizindikiro cha mzinda. "Aurora" kuteteza Russian zombo nkhondo ziwiri, ndipo anachita bwino kwambiri, choncho n'zosadabwitsa, amene anatha kukhala mmodzi wa zokopa waukulu.

ulemerero Peter

The Mkuwa pamahatchi ndi otchuka chipilala cha Peter Wamkulu. Catherine Wachiwiri kwa nthawi yaitali anakambirana ndi ojambula zithunzi, choncho iwo anamuthandiza ndi maonekedwe a chosema lapansi. Koma apa chithunzicho yekha - Falcone - ananyalanyaza zopempha zonse ndipo analenga chipilala pamene iye anawona izo.

Chosema anali wokonda kwambiri ndi losaiwalika. Peter amaoneka ngati amphamvu, cholinga ndi osasunthika wolamulira.

mbiri dziko

The State Russian Museum anamaliza ophiphiritsa oveteredwa zokopa wathu wa St. Petersburg. Kusiyapo mfundo kuti anali m'nyumbayi woyamba zaluso zabwino Russia, monga waukulu mu dziko. Iwo linatsegulidwa kumbuyo mu chaka cha 1898 ndi dongosolo la Nicholas II.

Tsopano izo Akusonkhanitsa oposa 320 zikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. The wamkulu limabweretsa m'ma 11. Komanso, Russian Museum - kuipidwa nyumba zisanu ndi ziwiri, kuphatikizapo Benois Mapiko, Mikhailovsky Palace, Marble Castle ndi zokopa zina.