Administrative gwero: zikamera ndi chizindikiritso

Akamanena za boma ndi chikhalidwe chake chikhalidwe sangathe anatsegula popanda kuganizira zinthu zake zilipo. Kuti ambiri lingaliro ili? Resources - ndi pafupifupi chilichonse kuti ntchito kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Kulola kukwaniritsa osati zofuna zawo komanso zosowa za nkhani zomwe zili mu chilengedwe.

chuma Administrative - ichi sichina ngati chikoka kuti madzulowo zosiyanasiyana ndi andale, akuluakulu, matupi boma ndipo akuluakulu

tanthawuzo

Kodi gwero la ntchitoyi? Monga ulamuliro, tikakumana ndi mawuwa n'loti N'ZOONEKERATU maganizo zodabwitsazi. Ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi chisankho. Kumene, osiyanasiyana mawunikidwe ndi kutsutsana kuti akonze mutu wa chikoka chuma utsogoleri mu moyo ndale za dziko, ikuchitika nthawi zambiri chisankho anakonza kapena zapitazi. Komabe, mbali imeneyi ya chodabwitsa si kwathunthu kuulula zomwenso ake. The mawu kwambiri chuma "utsogoleri" wosachita zingatheke negative. Komanso si kugwirizana ndi kampani ya zisankho za ndale.

Mawu "kupereka" - mneni amene tanthauzo - ". Kulamulira" "mwachindunji" ndipo Mwachitsanzo, tonsefe ndife odziwika utsogoleri magawo, amene ntchito mu ndondomeko zochitika za makompyuta. Kodi mawu akuti lachiwiri la mawuwa (chuma)? Tiganizire moposera. Resources, kuwonjezera pa "maumboni, zinthu kapena mwayi ochita", akhoza kumva m'njira yosiyana. mawu ili mukuimira kanthu kuposa "chida amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati n'koyenera" kapena "linanena bungwe limodzi". M'mawu ena, ndi chinthu chimene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa makamaka.

Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, mawu akuti "utsogoleri gwero" angalimvetse monga chuma "utsogoleri". Kuti ndi buku limene lakonzedwa kuthetsa ntchito bwana kuti kukwaniritsa cholinga patsogolo.

Pa mfundo imeneyi, n'zoonekeratu kuti chinthu loyang'anira unali ntchito mu dongosolo kulamulira. Ndiyeno yekha lingaliro ili wapeza ntchito zake zina, zochita za anthu.

chuma loyang'anira ogwira ntchito ndi

Nthawi zambiri, chida ichi ntchito mu ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo monga gwero umene makonzedwe kumachitika mu gwero la ogwira akutumikira kampani yokha. Pakuti woyang'anira okalamba, iye kumaonekera nkhope ya bwana apamwamba.

Nthawi zina ndiye mwini wake wa kampani. Mulimonsemo, anthu awa akutenga manenjala wa mlingo woyamba kapena wachiwiri kwa ntchito ndi kumulangiza kuchita yeniyeni ntchito bwana. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ndipo pali awarding mphamvu, ndipo amatchedwa chuma loyang'anira gulu. Zimenezi tinganene kuti penapake mosiyana. Ena munthu zimapangitsa kuti munthu kuchita kasamalidwe ntchito.

hierarchization

gwero Administrative akuimira ufulu kusamalira ndi pa nthawi yomweyo anapereka kwa bwana udindo apeze mukufuna.

ntchito Administrative ikuchitika munthu amalipidwa. Chotero lamanja kunditumiza ku kuli motere:

1. manenjala gwero monga njira kulamulira.
2. Personal wantchito gwero monga kunapatsidwa kwa iye pa nthawi ya chilango cha ntchito boma.

yosamalira Administrative ali ndi chikhalidwe masanjidwe. Kodi izo zikutsimikiziridwa? chakuti polandirira msonkho gwero kumachitika pa ndendende nthawi pamene mutu liukitsidwa ku Ngopambana mlingo wapamwamba dongosolo kampani. njirayi angatchedwe ufumu. Mawu amenewa lokhudza vuto pamene nambala ya zinthu, zomwe kwenikweni kutsogolera woyang'anira kupeza chuma chawo utsogoleri. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera wogwira ntchito kokha amafuna chilolezo Ndinapereka udindo ntchito zake.

Kasamalidwe chabwino n'chofunika woyang'anira gwero. wapadera ake kwagona kuti mu nkhani iyi mwalamulo ntchito ya wogwira ntchito. Mu mawu ena, timatha yovomerezeka. Ndipo ndi ofunika umuthandize. Yovomerezeka ufulu woteteza zimatheka ngati chiphaso yovomerezeka. Komabe, kuchita palinso wapathengo gwero la gwero la. Zikatero, lamanja kuyendetsa wapatsidwa chifukwa cha chinyengo ndi chiwawa.

Malire a chuma utsogoleri

Wakupatsa bwana lamanja kuyendetsa? Ntchito chuma utsogoleri amalola wantchito kuyang'anira atumiki. Komanso, iye ali ndi ufulu kusamalira zipangizo za kampani onse. M'mawu ena, iye amapeza manja awo pa gwero ka boma ndi chuma.

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, zomwe Ngopambana mkulu ndi khalidwe kachulukidwe. Kumene, ngati tikambirana ufumu yeniyeni, apa aliyense wa atsogoleri a m'khalapakati amatamanda ndi kuchuluka kwa ufulu. Nkhani za ntchito anatsimikiza mtima pa nkhani iliyonse mosiyana. Pankhaniyi, chigamulo anapangidwa, zochokera kufunika ntchito, ndipo poyamba ziribe kanthu kochita ndi umunthu wa wogwira ntchito.

Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa ufulu, zimene zimawononga mtsogoleri weniweni, ndiponso kukula kwa ufulu lolingana malo ake sizikufanana. Extension ndipo ngati alipo mu ambiri a milandu.

udindo oletsa bwana, si pa chuma wake wonse. Ndipotu, ndalama zonse zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kumalo a ntchito, komanso kupelekedwa ndi mankhwala yomalizidwa - si kanthu koma mankhwala a eni kampaniyo.
Choncho, ndi thandizo utsogoleri mu ntchito njira yokha yoyenera galimoto. Komabe, izi kwambiri, chifukwa bwino galimoto zimathandiza kupeza zosiyanasiyana zinthu zina.

Cacikulu, kuwuka mu utsogoleri wolowezana zimathandiza munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo utsogoleri, kuchita chinachake chenicheni, data ndikuganizira mu manja ake levers. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, nthawi zambiri akuwonetseredwa molakwika udindo wake boma, lomwe ntchito chifukwa cha dyera.

Njira chuma utsogoleri

Nthawi zina pakati pa mabizinezi akudutsa mpikisano lolimba. Pofuna kuwononga mdani wake, amalonda ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zaboma. Pankhaniyi, iwo anagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

1. Mbedza ndi nyambo. Njira imeneyi ndi wosavuta. Kwa ogwira ntchito ku kulenga nkhani msampha. The kampani anasankha afika kumeneko ndi yokha amalenga dothi. Akamanena za njira imeneyi chagona pa chitukuko cha kampeni yeniyeni. Cholinga cha zimene ndi kunyengerera mdani zinthu kumene amalenga dothi payokha. Pankhaniyi, onse anati "oipa" wakonzekera mawu kutenga matanthauzo awiri. Kunyengerera zambiri kumachitika kukachitika kuti bwana ndakuuzani Choonadi. funso anafunsa motero, kuti munthuyo mwina nedoskazhet, komanso adzakhala kunyengerera.

2. chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa Public. Mu mabizinezi ambiri pali zambiri zimene mukhoza kumvutitsa anthu. Kungakhale ofesi mwanaalirenji kapena galimoto zodula, amene amayendetsa mutu, mpweya zoipa mu chilengedwe, ndi malipilo yaing'ono ndodo, kupondereza ufulu aliyense, ndi zina zotero. D. Cholinga cha njira imeneyi ndi kupeza chinthu chimene chingakhoze perturb anthu chitulutsireni mfundo.
3. Pafupifupi dothi. Njira imeneyi zinachokera pa ntchito mfundo si yeniyeni, ndipo pa ananena chilakolako kapena malingaliro aliyense. Njira imeneyi kuchotsa mpikisano ndi Nkhata-Nkhata. Pajatu aliyense Ndipotu zinthu zikhoza kapena anatsimikizira kapena umboni. Koma kupeza umboni kuti munthu sakuganiza njira imodzi kapena wina, ndi chabe zosatheka.

gwero mphamvu

Administration si ntchito. mfundo imeneyi imaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana za chuma utsogoleri, amene ntchito mu BOMA ndi pamisinkhu onse a msonkhano chisankho.

Pakali pano, pa nthawi ya chisankho atolankhani amamuuza zimene chipani anapambana thandizo la Administration Pulezidenti, ndipo ena ndi bwino sikokwanira bwino. Ndipo pangakhale mitundu zotsatirazi chuma utsogoleri ndi mlingo wa boma:

1. Local (apa iwo n'komwe m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono, monga m'mudzi).
2. tanthauzo Municipal, amene amathandiza msonkhano wa ofuna ndi magulu a amalonda ozungulira, amatitsogolera kwa atolankhani kupereka uthenga zabwino za "Chabwino" munthu, allocated malo zikwangwani ndi destabilized ntchito ya mpikisano.
3. kufunika Regional. gwero Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ajambule maganizo a anthu a madokotala, aphunzitsi amalemekezedwa ndi zina zotero. Kupereka zofunikira zofunika za phungu pa misonkhano yonse, misonkhano ndi zochitika, patulani nthawi kulankhula mu mabungwe bajeti ndi destabilize likulu mdani wake.
4. Federal tanthauzo. chuma amenewa athe kukopa atsogoleri a zipani ndi mabungwe onse chifukwa maonekedwe awo pa TV, kuonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwa Commission chisanlho Central ndi kuchita polojekiti zonse makomiti grassroots mu zofuna za phungu "Chabwino".

Gulu la chuma boma kumbali yawo

ndalama zonse zimene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito gawo la gwero la ntchitoyi, ogaŵikana zotsatirazi:

1. Yovomerezeka. Iwo ndi ntchito matupi boma ndipo akuluakulu a ulamuliro malamulo, deta awo mphamvu. Cholinga cha ntchito iyi ndi kupeza ukutitsimikizira zina ndi mwayi kuthetsa vuto la kukwaniritsidwa kwa zofuna zawo zandale. Pakuti chuma yovomerezeka utsogoleri imagwiranso malo ogwira ogwira ntchitoyi. Imeneyi ndi katundu wa anthu amene angathe utsogoleri nthawi zonse kulera mlingo wa chidziwitso, osati m'dera koyenera kuti makonzedwe onse.
2. Wapathengo. Pansi uyu ya chuma utsogoleri kumvetsa umisiri zosiyanasiyana (zambiri oletsedwa), imene imathandiza kuti ndalama kochepa ndalama kukwaniritsa amadza pazipita pa anthu amene kupereka iwo ndi kugonjera "zaufulu". Chotero ndalama ntchito pa nthawi imene udindo wa boma ziliri pa mothamanga-mpaka chisankho adzaimira sikokwanira amphamvu. Wapathengo mtundu wa utsogoleli Tingaone pa nthawi imene phungu pali Woyesana kwambiri ndi mpikisano weniweni.

kumatanthauza ntchito

i Kodi ena wachinsinsi chuma loyang'anira mphamvu? Iwo agawidwa mitundu malingana ndi njira ntchito. Choncho, amasulidwe:

1. chuma nchito. Mtundu wa utsogoleli kugwirizana ndi ntchito ubongo zosiyanasiyana za boma ndi mabungwe.
2. Bajeti ya chuma. Ichi sichina ngati gwero oyang'anira mu kusankha, amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pagulu.
3. Media gwero. M'kupita kwa tanthauzo lake ntchito atolankhani boma, omwe akutipatsa amaonetsa ndi owerenga zawo zomwe akutumikira zofuna za wakonzekera makamaka kapena chipani. Ndi gwero lino, monga maphunziro, ikuchulukira nthawi imene chisankho.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito zothandiza utsogoleri ndi osakaniza a mitundu nchito komanso atolankhani.

Zenizeni za dziko lathu

Malinga ndi kuphunzira, chuma ka boma ndi malamulo mu Russia kuti 2/3 a m'gawo lake ntchito ndithu zololeka. Apa chisankho ndi mpikisano, mogwilizana ndi okha kusiyana yaing'ono chiwerengero cha mavoti.

Komabe, ngati ife madera monga Tatarstan ndi North Caucasus, Kalmykia, Bashkortostan, ndi ena. Pano wolapa wina ambiri mtheradi wa mavoti alionse. Munthuyo kokha, kumene yovomerezeka kwa makonsolo ndi elites. Kulalikira anthu amenewa amatchedwa "manageable oponya voti." Awa ndi kumadera kumene anthu a ntchito za chisankho ndi amadalira kwambiri Makonsolo polimbana ndi ndalama ndi nyumba mavuto. Komanso, nthawi zambiri atolankhani kuti kupereka uthenga ofuna, simuli boma, ndipo nyumba malonda, zomwe n'zogwirizana ndi ndale ndi boma bureaucracy.

Kodi primaries?

Mu dera ndale kawirikawiri unachitikira primaries intraparty khalidwe. Izi ndi zofunika (kutsindika mawu n'kugwera pa "a"). Unachitikira chisankho zakuti nomination wa otchuka kwambiri ndi ofuna wamphamvu.

M'mayiko amene pali okhazikika bwino dongosolo demokalase ndi primaries ndiyo omveka ndi zofunika chochitika a mpikisano. Tikhoza kuona Mwachitsanzo, mu United States. Komabe, pali kuwonjezera pa primaries ndi caucuses akadali ankachita, zomwe misonkhano zokambirana, mamembala a gulu lomwelo.

Primaries mu dziko lathu

Inde, palibe chinsinsi chimene demokalase ku Russia ndi monga komabe m'dera lachilendo. Ena mabungwe ndi zida zimene zimalimbikitsa ufulu wa kulankhula tikuuzidwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka mapeto akadali si bwino, osati adzaponye chisanko wamba, koma ndi ndale odziwa. Kodi chikoka cha dziko lathu mu primaries gwero utsogoleri?

Ntchito yaikulu ya chisankho chachikulu ndicho kupeza anthu atsopano amene amatha ntchito ngati akatswiri ndi malamulo ndi kulankhula ndi anthu. Pambuyo pake, iwo adzakhala njira patsogolo, kale ndale. Ine ndinalankhula za izi ndi V. V. Putin atamufunsa ndi mamembala a primaries a. Mutu wa boma anafuulira pempho lake la chipani "United Russia". Iye adapempha ziwalo kusonyeza chitsanzo cha ofuna ena kampeni chisankho woonamtima. Ndipo amenewa mawu opanda pake. Ndipotu, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, watsopano demokalase bungwe chuma utsogoleri chindiletsa zambiri. Kodi kuwerenga mfundo yakuti mfundo adzafika anthu atsopano, ngati mipando yonse ndi "zofunika" ndi akuluakulu?

Komabe, malinga ndi lipoti ku dera, komabe ndi mbali yaikulu pa gwero chachikulu utsogoleri. Makamaka modetsa nkhawa zili m'dera Moscow. Zonsezi zosemphana ndi mfundo kwambiri primaries. Ndipotu, lingaliro la chisankho chachikulu ndi chakuti adzaponye chisanko anatha kuona wandale wanzeru kwambiri.